Safe multilateralism is an important part of global multilateral diplomacy in New China in 70 years。In the process of safe and multilateralism,，China has always been an advocate of the international security common standards、diffuser and contributors。From the perspective of the perspective of the dominant position，70 years，China ’s security and multilateralist diplomacy has experienced three important stages，That is the traditional concept of security (1949-1997)、New Safe View (1997-2014) and overall security view (2014 to the present)。At each stage，China has made its own contribution to global multilateralism with specific security norms。

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The first stage (1949-1997)，Safety and multilateralist norm contribution under traditional security concept。The most important achievement is the advocacy of the "five principles of peaceful coexistence" and its multilateral diffusion。This diffusion has gone through bilateral、Regional -cross -regional multilateral and global multilateral evolution process。

First of all。April 1954，Agreement signed by China and India's issue of Tibet issues for the first time proposed the "five principles" for dealing with national relations。June of that year，Zhou Enlai visited India and Myanmar and Indian Prime Minister Nehru、Myanmar Prime Minister Wu Nu talks and has issued a joint declaration and joint statement，confirmed these principles again，Including: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity、Do not invade each other、Do not interfere with each other、equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence。This is the famous "Five Principles of Peace Coexistence" later。These principles have become China、India、Myanmar、Indonesia、Vietnam、Cambodia、The principles of guiding bilateral and multilateral relations in the Soviet Union and other countries。

Followed by the "Five Principles of Peace" -cross -region multilateral。April 1955，The "Asian Africa Conference Last Journalism" and affiliated document "Declaration on Promoting World peace and cooperation" in the first Asian -African Conference held in Wandan, Indonesia and Indonesia established the "Ten Principles of Wanlong"，Including: Respect basic human rights、Respect the purpose and principles of the "UN Charter"; respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries; recognize the equality of all races，Acknowledge the equality of all countries; do not interfere or interfere with other domestic politics; respect the right to self -defense in accordance with the "United Nations Charter" alone or collectively; Serve，No country may put pressure on other countries; do not use invasion or threatening or use force to invade the territorial integrity or political independence of any country; according to the "UN Charter"，Through negotiations、Mediation、Better methods such as arbitration or judicial resolution and any other peace methods chosen by bet365 live casino games related parties to solve all international disputes; promote mutual interests and cooperation; respect justice and international obligations。"Five Principles of Peace Coexistence" integrated into the "Ten Principles of Bandung"，and further enhance and improve these principles，Help and extend "General Standards" reflected in the Charter of the United Nations。These principles have later become the guiding principles of Southeast Asia and Asia/Asia -Pacific regional cooperation advocated and promoted by ASEAN。For example，The "East Asian Cooperation Statement" issued by the 3rd East Asian "ASEAN+3" summit in November 1999 emphasized，They will "follow the purpose and principle of the United Nations Charter、Five principles of peaceful coexistence、"Southeast Asian Friendship Cooperation Treaty" and recognized international law principles to handle their mutual relationship "; July 2001，The important document "ASEAN Regional Forum Prevention Concepts and Principles" promulgated and implemented in the Eighth ASEAN Regional Forum clearly clearly explicitly "respect sovereignty equality、Territory integrity and non -interference in domestic affairs "and other" reflected in the "UN Charter"、Five principles of peaceful coexistence and the recognized international law and basic principles of national relations in the Southeast Asian Friendship Cooperation Treaty "as the" core principles "of the ASEAN forum preventive diplomacy。

Finally, the global multilateralization of the "five principles of peace coexistence"。The non -alliance movement that emerged in the 1960s took the "five principles" as the guidance principle。The relevant declaration approved by the UN General Assembly in 1970 and 1974 accepted the "Five Principles of Peace Coexistence"。"Five Principles of Peace Coexistence" is adopted by a series of international organizations and international documents today，Get widely approved and obeyed by the international community。From this，"Five Principles of Peace Coexistence" becomes the basic criteria of international relations and the basic principles of international law。

　New International Security Standards: "Shanghai Spirit"

Phase II (1997-2014)，Multilateral norm contribution under the new security concept。The most important achievement is the formation of the new type of international security norms with the "Shanghai Spirit" as the core and its regional and cross -regional multilateral diffusion。

First of all, the proposal of the "New Safety Outlook" and the formation of "Shanghai Spirit"。China's "New Safety Opire" first proposed in the International Conference to establish a trust measures for the ASEAN Forum in Beijing in March 1997。March 1999，Jiang Zemin's speech at the Geneva Dragons negotiated conference for the first time determined the core of China's "new security concept" as "mutual letter、mutual benefit、Equality、Cooperation。Subsequent，This concept of security began to be practiced in the "Shanghai Five Kingdoms" mechanism and continuously improved。"Declaration of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization" further attributed this "new security concept" to "mutual letter、mutual benefit、Equality、Consultation、Respect a variety of civilizations、bet365 live casino games Seeking common development "as the basic content" Shanghai Spirit "，and use it as a standard for the relationship between the relationship between the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization of the New Century。From this，The "Shanghai Spirit", which represents the core principles of China's foreign policy, has become the "common value and specification" supporting the process of supporting the Shanghai Cooperation Organization，The significant feature of the "new security architecture" created by it。

Followed by the refinement of the norm principles of the "New Safety Oposition" and the multilateral spread of the region。China has actively participated in the process of cooperation between regional cooperation with neighboring countries and further spreads and improves China's "new security concept"。ASEAN Forum Forum becomes a core multilateral platform。July 2002，The Chinese government submitted the "Position Documents on China's New Safety Opires" to the ASEAN Forum.。According to this file，The core of this "new security concept" is "mutual letter、mutual benefit、Equality、Collaborative "。"mutual trust" refers，Abandon the Cold War thinking and political mentality，Do not suspect each other，Uncomfortable mutual。Dialogue and mutual notifications should be carried out on their respective security defense policies and major actions; "mutual benefit" refers，Respect each other's security interests，While realizing its own safety interests，Create conditions for the security of the other party，Realize common security; "equality" refers to the country's whether the size is strong and weak，All members of the international community，should be respected，Waiting for equality，Do not interfere with domestic politics，Democraticization of international relations; "collaboration" refers to resolving disputes in a peaceful negotiation，and extensive cooperation on the safety issues that are concerned about，Eliminate hidden dangers，Prevent war and conflict。File emphasized，Security cooperation mode should be flexible and diverse，Including a multilateral security mechanism with strong binding power、Multilateral security dialogue with forum -in -one nature、Bilateral safety consultations designed to improve trust，and an unofficial security dialogue with academic nature, etc.; Promoting the integration of economic interests，It is also one of the effective means of maintaining safety。This，China's "New Safety Outlook" laid a solid standard for security cooperation with China and ASEAN and Asia -Pacific countries。

Finally, the principles of the "new safety concept" specifications of China cross -regional and global multilateral diffusion。July 2012，The Fifth Ministerial Meeting of the China -Africa Cooperation Forum held in Beijing adopted the "Beijing Declaration of the Fifth Minister of Cooperation Forum of the China -Africa Cooperation Forum"，The first time I included China's "new security concept" into the cooperation framework of the forum。The declaration emphasizes，Promote mutual trust、mutual benefit、Equality、Collaborative safety concept，Opposition to interfere with other domestic politics，bet365 live casino games Opposition to use force in international affairs or threats with force。This meeting launched the "China -Africa Peace Security Partner Initiative"，Deepen the cooperation with Africa and African countries in the field of peacetyment in Africa，Carry out peacekeeping operations for Africa in Africa、Standing Army Construction provides funding support，Increase the number of people and peacekeepers for non -alliance training and peacekeeping personnel，The above principles have become the guiding standard framework of this initiative。This，China's "New Safety Outlook" began to surpass China to spread around the world globally。

　　Standard contribution under the overall security view

The third stage (2014 to the present)，Overall safety concept of safe and multilateralist norm contribution。The most important achievement is the advocacy of the "Asian Safety Oposition" and its multilateral diffusion，Until the concept of the "universal safe world" and its multilateral practice of the core of the core core of the human destiny community。

First of all, the advocacy of the "Asian Safety Outlook" and the regional multilateralization of the overall national security concept。Asian safety concept is the fourth summit of President Xi Jinping at the fourth summit of the Meeting of mutual cooperation and trust measures in Asia。This concept of security actively advocates common、Comprehensive、Cooperation、Sustainable Asian Security，Innovation safety concept，Build a new architecture of regional security and cooperation，Work hard to get out of a co -construction、Share、Win -win Asian security road。"Common Security" here is to respect and guarantee every national security，Build a glory and glory、Destiny community of damage。"Common Security" emphasizes safety should be common、Equivalence and tolerance。"General" means that it cannot be a country's security and other countries are unsafe，Some countries are unsafe in the other part of the country，Not to sacrifice the security of other countries to seek absolute safety; "equal" means that all countries have the right to participate in regional security affairs，It also has the responsibility of maintaining regional security; "tolerance" means that the diversity of Asian diversity and the differences between countries should be converted into the vitality and power to promote regional security cooperation，Keep respect for sovereignty、Independent and territorial integrity、Basic criteria for international relations such as mutual interference in the internal affairs，Respect the social system and development road of the independent choices of various countries，Respect and take care of the reasonable and safe concerns of all parties。The "Comprehensive Security" here is to coordinate and maintain the security of traditional and non -traditional fields。This requirement must focus on solving the current prominent regional security problems，Also requires a coordinated plan to deal with various potential security threats。The "cooperation security" here is to pass the dialogue and cooperation，Promote the security of all countries and regions。This requires both a frank and deep Bet365 lotto review conversation and communication，Promoting strategic mutual trust，Reduce mutual suspicion，Seeking Tomber、Harmony to get along，Requires the common security interests of various countries，Actively cultivate a consciousness of cooperation to deal with security challenges，Continuously expand the area of ​​cooperation、Innovation cooperation method，Consistence with cooperation、Promoting safety with cooperation，It is necessary to persist in resolving disputes in a peaceful way，bet365 live casino games Opposition to use force or threats with force。The "sustainable safety" here is to develop and safely achieve long -term safety。It emphasizes development is the basis of security，Security is the condition for development; development is the greatest safety，It is also the "total key" for solving regional security problems。This requires focusing on development themes，Actively improve people's livelihood，Reduce the gap between the rich and the poor，Constantly consolidate the foundation of security，Sustainable development promotes sustainable safety。This concept of security is similar to the overall national security view in terms of diplomatic concept and security strategy。It can be said，"Asian Safety Outlook" is not only the inheritance and development of the "five principles of peace coexistence" and "new security concept"，It is an area extension of the overall national security concept of China。From this，As a spread of the overall national security concept of my country，Asian security concept began to declare the concept of "universal security" required for the construction of a community of human destiny at the regional level。

Followed by the cross -regional multilateralization of the principle of the "Asian Safety Oposition" specifications。June 2014，At the high official meeting of the ASEAN forum in Yangon, Myanmar，At that time, Liu Zhenmin, the deputy minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, comprehensively explained the "Asian Safety Outlook" proposed by President Xi Jinping，and call on Asian countries to work together to gradually improve the multilateral mechanism of existing areas，Cultivate new security architecture in Asia。，"Asian Safety Outlook" incorporated into the "Belt and Road" construction process in China。"Belt and Road" construction from common safety、Starting from common prosperity，Solve problems facing Asia，To achieve sustainable safety。Indian Sinologist Diberjes believes，From the perspective of security，The concept of the "Maritime Silk Road" is proposed "It is the embodiment of the common concept of Asia"。September 2018，President Xi Jinping at the Johannesburg Summit at the China -Africa Cooperation Forum，On behalf of the Chinese government, it is announced to implement the "Top Ten Cooperative Plan" with Africa，Planning the magnificent blueprint for Chinese -African pragmatic cooperation，officially launched the "China -Africa Peace and Security Cooperation Plan"。President Xi Jinping said，Chinese claim common、Comprehensive、Cooperation、Sustainable new security concept，firmly supports African countries such as African countries and African alliances to solve African issues in Africa，Support African countries to improve self -stability bet365 live casino games maintenance and ability。From this，Construction of China through various cross -regional multilateral cooperation mechanisms，Constantly build a new international multilateral co -owner specification，This helps to realize the democratization of international relations that jointly promoted with countries around the world、rule of law、Major goals such as rationalization and reform of the global governance system，Further show "China is a participant in the contemporary international system、Builder、Contributors "key characters。

Finally, the global multilateral diffusion of the overall national security concept and the "Asian security concept" and the formation of the concept of "universal security world"。September 2015，President Xi Jinping delivered a speech when attending the general debate of the 70th UN General Assembly at the United Nations headquarters of New York，To abandon all forms of cold war thinking，Establish a common、Comprehensive、Cooperation、New concept of sustainable and safe; adhere to multilateralism，Do not engage in unilateralism;、Winning、A new concept of win -win。For this，He proposed to build a new type of international relations with win -win cooperation，Create a community of human destiny，That is to build a global partnership at the international and regional level，Go out a "dialogue without confrontation，Possession of the country and the country's communication with the country and the country。This requires getting along with big powers，Don't conflict、No confrontation、Respect each other、Cooperation and win -win，Also requires a big country to get along with small countries，Treat them equally，Practice the correct view of righteousness，Yili and Lishali，Righteousness is more than profit。September 2017，President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 86th General Assembly in Beijing，​​It is clearly proposed to jointly build an important discussion of the common safety of human destiny community。These important discussions include: insist on cooperation and co -construction，Achieve lasting and safe; adhere to reform and innovation，Realize common governance; adhere to the spirit of the rule of law，Realize fairness and justice; adhere to mutual benefit and win -win，Realize balance and inclusive。This is to promote the global security governance system to be more fair、More reasonable、More effective direction develops the path。So far，The core of the "universal safety" of the human destiny community is finally formed。

　　"China Roadmap" that forms global security governance

Based on President Xi Jinping's above -mentioned security propositions and concepts，October 2017，Wang Qun, then the director of the Military Control Department of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, explained in the United Nations General Assembly that China on strengthening global security governance、The "four -point proposition" of maintaining world peace and security: on the goal，Create a community of human destiny，Just to build lasting peace、Universal security and common prosperity world，Create fair justice、Construction and shared security pattern; bet365 best casino games concept，To uphold common、Comprehensive、Cooperation and sustainable safety concept; in principle，To talk about rules，Speaking of rules，All countries should effectively maintain the authority and effectiveness of the current military control and anti -diffusion system with the "Treaty of Non -diffusion of the Nuclear Weapons"，Dual standards and selective practices cannot be adopted; on the mechanism，To adhere to multilateralism，Support the United Nations to play the core role，Perfect the multi -level global security governance mechanism，Stable big country cooperation framework，In "No conflict、No confrontation、Respect each other、Cooperation Win -win "Establishs a new type of big country relationship，Strengthen communication and collaboration，Active control and control differences，Realize common safety。These important claims and concepts indicate the future direction and practical path of global security governance，"China Roadmap" that can be called global security governance。

To sum up，New China 70 -year security and multilateralist practice has gone through traditional security orientation，Evolution process from new security orientation to overall security orientation。The core framework of the safety and multilateralist standards of these three stages of the three stages has the continuity of its specific connotation and development，Together with the global security governance of "Chinese experience" and "Asian experience" together。

　　(The author is a professor at the Institute of International Relations of Nanjing University)