Mencius is a study of Mencius and his works，Qin Han is the origin of Mencius research。Mencius was first raised to "Asian Saint" during this period，A special book studying Mencius appeared，The foundation for the further improvement of Mencius status after the Tang and Song dynasties laid the foundation。

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Qin and the early Han Dynasty，French thoughts and Huang Lao thoughts，Confucianism was in a trough for a time，Especially Qin Shihuang burned books、pit Confucian，Confucianism is almost suffering from the disaster，Mencius's later disciples are also tragically disaster，Lost out。Fortunately,，"Mencius" is one of the many sub -books，Miraculous preservation in Qinhuo。

Emperor Xiaowen in Han Dynasty，Gradually restore the learning of the sons，"The Analects of Confucius", "Filial Scriptures", "Mencius", "Mencius", all doctoral "(Zhao Qi" Mencius Title ")。Emperor Han Wu Cai Dong Zhongshu "Waste Baijia、Survo Confucianism "ideas，Dr. Biography，Dr. Five Classics。Although Dr. Mencius was abolished，But due to the establishment of Confucianism's independence status，"Mencius" as an important auxiliary work of Confucian classics，Compared to Confucian sons，status obviously greatly improved，And gradually appeared to specify the research work of "Mencius"。These books mainly include Zhao Qi's "Mencius"、Cheng Zeng "Mencius"、Zheng Xuan "Mencius Note"、Gao Lao "Mencius" and Liu Xi "bet365 Play online games Mencius Note"。Where，Zhao Qi's "Mencius Chapter" is well preserved to this day，Several other types of death，Now there are only albums。

Inside Confucianism，Mencius's status has gradually stood out，From Meng Yan and Confucius and Mencius，Become the "Asian Saint" after Confucius。The Warring States Period，Mencius and Xunzi are famous for the world，Drive together; Sima Qian's "Historical Records"，include the two in the same biography; when Emperor Hancheng，Liu Xiang Liu Ye's father and son sort out books，Mencius will also be tied for。In the middle and late Western Han Dynasty，The phenomenon of Confucius and Mencius appeared，The earliest was the Salt and Iron Conference. Xianliang Literature said, "Confucius is not used for the world，And Meng Yan sees cheapness to the princes "(" Salt and Iron Division · Xiang Xiang Xing "); Enter the East Han，Confucius and Mencius said that it becomes the consensus of the academic community。In this process，Mencius's status continues to rise。Yangxiong in the late Western Han Dynasty advocated Mencius different from the sons、The same as Confucius，Someone asked him: "The son of the son，Mencius is not a son? "He replied," The sons，With its knowledge, it is different from Confucius。Mencius is strange?。"(" Fa Yan · Gentleman ") Wang Chong called Confucius" sage "、Mencius is "Sage"，Xunzi is only "the person of the visits"; Zhao Qi directly called Mencius "the talent of life"，"Mencius" is "Da Xian's author of the Saint and the Author" ("Mencius Title"); Ban Gu listed Huangdi Yao, Shun Yu Tang Wenwu, Confucius and others in "Ancient and Modern Man"，Pitzes; Mencius is Bet365 app download the sage that is second only to the sage，The upper is medium; the highest can only be medium and upper for other thinkers。

　"Mencius" became the public ideological resources and academic resources of the Han Dynasty society

Mencius、Renzheng、The ideological system of the people's ideas as the core is the political proposition based on the long -term security of the people and the interests of the ruler，Especially during the stable peace period of the dynasty，It can resonate with the ideological resonance of all levels of society，Therefore, it becomes a public ideological resource in the Han society。

Take the salt and iron meeting as an example，The party participating in the meeting is a government official represented by Dr. Yushi Sang Hongyang，It advocates salt and iron official business and fight against the Huns; the other side is a virtuous literature selected from the people，Requires the abolition of salt and iron official camp and stop fighting against the Huns。Tattoo of the two，Sword pull out，Water and fire are not allowed，But all quoted "Mencius" to prove your point of view。

According to the statistics of "Salt and Iron Theory"，In the 123 speeches of Xianliang Literature，36 places involved in Mencius，All are Zhang Mu for your own argument，I don't want to say it; in the 114 speeches of Dr. Yu Shi，There are also 16 places involving "Mencius"，Although there are negation and criticism cited for virtuous literature，But also repeatedly regards the words "Mencius" as an important basis for demonstrating their own opinions。In the article "Stabbing"，Quoting "Mencius" "King and others，And as the other，Living to the Mast of Living "to demonstrate the importance bet365 best casino games of the environment;" Filial Filialism "is Chinese," Mencius "" Mencius "" Non -meat is not full，Non -wipes are not warm "、Direct quote "Zeng Ziyang Zeng Xi，There must be wine and meat "to prove that filial piety requires material real views;" Dangerous solid "is quoted" in the sky "to emphasize the necessity of strengthening border defense。The two factions with completely different political stances try to persuade each other with "Mencius"，Explain that Mencius has become a thinker for society，"Mencius" becomes a public thought resource shared by society。

In addition，Mencius because of deep communication，Especially good at "Poetry" and "Spring and Autumn"，"Mencius" in many places to interpret the scriptures，Therefore, it becomes a public academic resource，It is generally cited by the two Han scholars，A symbol of Mingshi and learning。Zhao Qi said: "So far, all sutras，I have to quote "Mencius" for Mingshi，The blog post of predicate。"(" Meng Zi Ti Ci ") Qingren Jiao Xun for example:" Zheng Kangcheng Note "Li" "Poetry"，Xu Shen's "Speaking Words"，All quoted。It is found in "Historical Records"、"Book of the two Han"、"Two Hanji"，Ru Zou Yang Yin ‘does not contain anger, no grievance’，Final Army quotes ‘枉 枉’ ’，Ni Kuan introduced 'Gold Sound Yuzhen'，Wang Yi quoted ‘Li Lou、Gong Board '... Fu Yiyan ‘Haoran Qi’，I also cited the certificate of Mingshi at that time。"(" Mencius Justice · Volume 1 "

　Han Dynasty thinkers inherit the development of Mencius Thought

Renzheng、Minbian and Sexual Goodness are the three cornerstones of Mencius thought，is the most valuable and influence part of Mencius thought，Han Dynasty thinkers inherited Bet365 app download and developed these ideological elements。Renzheng、People do not need to say more，We take sex as an example，See how Mencius's thought elements are inherited and developed。The theory of human nature in the Han Dynasty mainly includes Jia Yi、Dong Zhongshu's Sexual Three Story，Korean baby's sexuality and evil theory，Yang Xiong's sexual good and evil theory and Wang Chong's qi said。

Mencius advocates life and has "four hearts" and "four ends"。Jia Yi and Dong Zhongshu further divided human nature into three -class，Jia Yi is divided into the master、Middle Lord、Lower Lord，Dong Zhongshu distinguishes it into the nature of the sage、The nature of the fight and the nature of the people。Jia Yi thinks，The Lord is pure and good and the Lord pure evil，The master in the middle is "Getting Shan Zuo and Save，Destruction is not allowed to be good "(" New Book · Lianyu "); Dong Zhongshu believes，The nature of the sage and the nature of the fighting is very small，Unknown，Only the nature of the people "has good quality，but failing to be good "(" Spring and Autumn Fan Lu · Reality ")，Need to be educated and developed。The nature of the master or the people，Jia Yi and Dong Zhongshu both defaults to human nature.，These good quality require the acquired environmental education to develop，This is the theory of Mencius sex and "to get it to raise it，Nothing and not long;，Inheritance of the theory of development，Further equalization of human nature is further than Mencius’s understanding。

Han Ying advocates sexuality and evil theory，Say "I don't know life，Nothing to be a gentleman "，Life is the heart of righteousness, righteousness, wisdom bet365 best casino games and goodness，It is the birth of heaven，The difference between gentleman and villain lies in whether to "know life" ("Han Shi Biography · Volume 6"，This is with Mencius "The people go to the people，A gentleman exists "thoughts in the same vein。At the same time, Han Ying thinks，Human ears, mouth, mouth, nose, and body are also normal, reasonable and necessary，But if it is allowed to develop, it becomes evil，So you must restrain with courtesy and righteousness。This enriches the understanding of human nature，It also provides an idea for solving the contradiction between innate goodness and acquired evils in human nature。

Yangxiong advocates sexual good and evil mix，Think that no matter saints or ordinary people，As far as an individual，both good and malignant，That is, "Humanity also，Mixing good and evil。Cultivation of goodness is a good person，Cultivation of its evil is the wicked "(" Fa Yan · Credit ")。He admits that everyone is inherently good，Obviously inherited Mencius's sexuality; at the same time, he is stronger to adjust the importance of acquired cultivation，Make goodness to become a target that ordinary people can reach，Compared with Mencius's unattainable moral realm，It is more conducive to accepting good and practicing good。

Wang Chong uses vitality to explain the problem of good and evil of human nature，Think of "the good and evil of people，A total of one Qiqi。There is a little bit of Qi，Old sex is wise and foolish "，"The Qi has a thick peride，Old sex is good and evil "(" On Health · Rate ")，The good and evil of people are determined by the amount of qi。This adds material carrier bet365 best casino games to Mencius's sexual good theory，A bridge between Mencius's theory of human nature and the humanity of Song and Ming Confucianism。

(Author Unit: History Department of Nanjing Xiaozhuang College)