"Li" is an ancient Chinese educator、The core value concept of the Confucian ideological system founded by the thinker Confucius。Spring and Autumn Period，Confucius through summary、Cleaning and Reflective Summer、Business、Cultural Heritage on Wednesday Generation，Inherited and developed the ancient "ritual" concept，Give it a new ideological connotation，Create a set of Confucianism system with the concept of "ritual" as the core value。In the Confucian thought system，"Li" not only includes the etiquette or rules of treating people in daily life，Including systems and specifications in various fields in ancient social life in my country，Even the ideological concepts or moral rationality that are compatible with these systems and norms。"Li" is the core category of Confucianism，This category has extensive extension and rich connotation。Speaking from its connotation，In Confucianism,，"Li" is both a social and political ideal，Another ethical norm。It guides people's ideological behavior、Constraction and specifications，Maintaining the stability and development of society。It can be said in a sense，Ancient Chinese culture is the culture of "Li"，Ancient Chinese politics is the politics of "ritual"，History of the development of ancient Chinese society is a "ritual" history。In ancient China，The degree of development of "Li" and its role in the entire national spirit and social politics，All have unique、Major cultural significance。

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"Li" is the highest category of the Confucian ideological system，It is also the core content of traditional Chinese culture。In the Analects of Confucius，Confucius repeatedly emphasized the importance of "ritual" for a person's life in society。"The Analects of Confucius · Ji" records that Confucius once educated his son Kong Li said: bet365 live casino games "，No to stand。"The Analects of Confucius · Yao Yue" is also recorded，Confucius warned his disciples: "I don't know，No to stand up。"" From the perspective of Confucius，"Li" is the fundamental to life，Don’t learn gift、Unknown，It is difficult to settle down in the world。This shows the important position of "Li" in the Confucian ideological system。

In the Confucian ideological system，"Li" is both a social and political ideal，It is also a series of principles and specifications of ethics。From the perspective of the Confucian Six Classics taught by Confucius，All penetrate a strong "ritual" learning content。As the famous scholar Pi Xirui of the Qing Dynasty said in "The theory of Scripture · Three Rites": "The text of the Six Classics，All are courteous in it。Six Classics of the Six Classics，Also with gifts。"" It needs to be noticed，In Confucius' ideological system，"Ren" and "Li" both occupy a very important position。but，From the "Book of Rites" written by Confucius' disciples or re -disciples，The status of the two is not consistent。On the one hand，"Li" seems to be higher than "benevolent"，such as "Book of Rites · Qu Li" cloud: "Morality and Righteousness，Non -ritual。"From this we can see，"Li" is not only the fundamental criterion that adjusts all social relations，And even "benevolent" is based on "ritual"。On the other hand，From the perspective of pre -Qin Confucianism，"Li" is the norms and guidelines of all things and order in heaven and earth。such as "Book of Rites · Music" said: "，The preface of the heavens and the earth also。""。That is to say，"Li" in Confucianism，Like Tiandao，With a metaphysical body status。

Cheng Zhuxue of the Song Dynasty with "rational" to interpret "Li"，even lift "Li" to an important position equivalent to "Tianli"。In the science system of the second Cheng (Cheng Yan and Cheng Yi)，"reason" is the highest ontology，"Li" is the same as "reason"。Cheng Yan said: "Relief，Ben Ye，Wen Ye。，End also，Ben Ye。Text，Huaye，End also。"" ("Henan Bet365 lotto review Ercheng Lisiation" Volume 11) In Cheng Ye's view，"Li" is the basis of "reason"，"Li" at the same time is also the text，That is the manifestation of Tianli。Zhu Xi inherited and developed a two -way science thought，The highest philosophy category of all things in the world with Li，Construct a huge philosophical system。He thinks，Morality and Rites in the World、Le、politics、Sentences are all heaven。He said: "Li is the natural theory of nature that day。When I get it，Fanwen's last quarter is in it。"(" Zhu Ziyu "Volume 41) In Zhu Xi's science system，Li Zhi Yu Li，Li is reason。This，Zhu Xi's "ritual" rose to the height of the cosmic body and science，Therefore, the Confucian moral value system represented by "ritual" abstracts as the response，So as to lift and strengthen the status of "Li" in traditional Chinese culture。

　"Li" and ancient Chinese politics

The core content of the traditional culture accumulated by the thousands of years of history in China is "Li"，Ancient Chinese politics is basically politics based on "ritual"。"Li" and ancient Chinese political concepts、Political behavior and political system，There are inseparable contacts。

The patriarchal system of the ancient society in my country、Sealing system、Server System、Location System、Predator System、Predator System、Criminal Law System、Criminal Law System、The official system and other political systems，The category of "Li" in ancient times。A variety of ritual systems, although with the development of society or the replacement of the dynasty, have profit or loss and change，，"Li" has always been the theoretical foundation and value standard of various systems in my country's thousands of years of ancient society，It has always been the ideal system mode pursued by the ideology of the feudal dynasty in my country。Therefore，It can be said，my country's traditional culture and political system is basically a "paradigm" of ritual。

Ancient Chinese "Li" culture and legal system also have a close relationship。"Dharma (Penal)" originated bet365 live casino games from "Li"，It is derived from "Li"，Therefore, "Pipe and Shuyan" cloud: "Fa out of ritual。"Gifts are given compulsory force to be the method。"Li" is a social moral education tool，"Law" is a post -after -after punishment measure。As "Dai Dai Li · Li Xun" said: "The ceremony is forbidden to be before the general，and the law is banned after it is existing。"" Li and Methods are people’s behavioral specifications，Li relies on moral education to guide people not expensive、Preface to humble; and the law relies on compulsory power to make people comply with the relevant specifications of the ceremony。In the ancient Chinese national governance mode，Reasonably combined with ritual and Fa，Make adjustment of social order、restricted function。The ritual system plays an important education role，and the law and punishment play a restraint and punishment role in the violation of society within the framework of Li Zhi。Especially in Emperor Hanwu, "stopped Baijia，Independent Confucianism "after，The dynasties of the dynasties basically adopted the political architecture of ritual and law based on the Confucian "ritual" culture。Benevolence of Politics with Liyuan，Rendering the authority of politics with the Fa，to promote the effective operation of national machines，Maintain social stability and orderly development。

"Spring and Autumn Zuo Zhuan" Hidden Gong's 11th year summarizes the function of "Li": "Li，Viabenic，Dingshe，Preface People，Those who are the recipients also。"" That is to say，"Li" is used to govern the country、Stable society、Maintaining the people's stable social relationships and ensuring the Dafa of the various interests of the descendants later。Various rules systems of the dynasties of our country、Political thoughts and policies are closely related to the "Li" culture，Many rulers are in power、During administration，Often quoted the Rites Classics，I thought the criteria and authority basis for acting。Many ruler often uses "gift"，Institutional construction Bet365 lotto review or reform。Such as the uncle Sun Tong in the early Western Han Dynasty formulated the Chaoyi; Wang Mang was in the process of establishing the new dynasty，Based on "Zhou Li" as the basis，Reform various systems; the end of the Western Wei Dynasty，Su Chuju Fu Wentu Wentai，Official reforms based on "Zhou Li"; Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty also used "Zhou Li" as the theoretical basis for its reform。All these，All reflect the "ritual" culture advocated by Confucianism as an important and tone of ancient Chinese politics。

　　"Li" and the spirit of the Chinese nation

The national spirit is inherent in a national culture、Excellent historical tradition that reflects a certain value orientation and sustainable development，It is a nation in a certain historical background、Geographical Environment、Cultural tradition、The psychology that has been developed by the long -term development of the lifestyle、Concept、Ethics、Customs、Belief、Science、Group consciousness in art and other aspects、style and features。It is both a spiritual pillar that nation depends on survival and development，It is also the identity characteristics of a nation standing in the forest of the world。

The "ritual" culture advocated by Confucianism is shaped in the spirit of the Chinese nation、In the process of perfect，Play the key role。The purpose or value orientation of "Li"，Confucius said: "The gift is peaceful。"(" Book of Rites · Confucianism ") and Confucius' disciples also believe that" the use of rituals，He is expensive。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Learning ") Confucius and his disciples summarized the fundamental spirit of" Li "with the so -called" harmony "。The value orientation of "Guihe" is to advocate people and nature、The spirit of harmonious coexistence between society and people。So，The ultimate goal of "Li"，It is to guide all classes of society and people with various value appeals in accordance with the specifications and modes of "ritual"，Processing and coordinating people and people、People and society、The relationship Bet365 lotto review between people and nature，so that people can resolve or relieve contradictions，Harmony is in a large social family。The "ritual" culture advocated by Confucianism not only emphasizes the harmony between people，It also advocates the harmony between man and nature，Proposal to realize the ideal realm of "heaven and man"，Realize the ideal society of Datong。This concept has been accumulated for a long time，An important essence of becoming the spirit of the Chinese nation。

For thousands of years，Although the Chinese nation has undergone war and division，But in general under the political structure of "unification"，The value orientation of Confucian ritual and music culture "Guihe" has played an important hidden role in it。The tolerance ceremony formed by the Chinese nation for thousands of years、Huminating Kindness、Find a moral tradition with small existence in Da Tong，The tone of the spirit of the Chinese nation。The formation of this tone，It is also the result of the long -term impact and accumulation of the value orientation of the "expensive" in "Li" culture。

In the process of developing ancient society for thousands of years，With social productivity、The development and change of economic relations and ideological consciousness culture，The traditional "ritual" culture advocated by Confucianism is constantly impacted and challenged，It is also inevitable that with the development of the times, there are "gains and losses"。but，General speaking，The "ritual" culture advocated by Confucianism is the theoretical basis and value standard of various systems in ancient times，It is also the ideal system mode pursued by the past。Not only this，The value orientation of Confucian etiquette and music culture also plays an important role in the formation and development of the spirit of the Chinese nation，Cultural genes of becoming the spirit of the Chinese nation。

The value orientation of the "expensive" value rooted in the spirit of the Chinese nation is both a precious cultural heritage，It is also the common spiritual wealth of the human world。It has a long -lasting new，It still has important Bet365 app download ideological and cultural value in today's world。Creative transformation and innovative development，The value orientation of "Guihe" can not only become the ideological resources of the construction and institutional construction of my country's socialist spiritual civilization，And for conforming to the trend of the times，Maintaining the world peace、Promote the common development of all nations、Building a community of human destiny，It has important historical and social significance。

(The author is a professor at the Qilu Cultural Research Institute of Shandong Normal University、A special researcher at the "Nishan Scholar" of the Confucius Research Institute)