Since reform and opening up，Domestic research on the political history of the Bet365 lotto review continues to dig deeper，already in political events、Considerable research results have been achieved in aspects such as characters and systems，However, the interaction between late Qing politics and the international environment still needs a more in-depth examination。After entering modern times，With the westward invasion，Great powers are deeply involved in China’s political situation and even influence it，The internal affairs and diplomacy of the Bet365 lotto review were closely related。Therefore，It is necessary to further broaden the international perspective of research on the political history of the Bet365 lotto review，Fully measure the impact of the outside world on late Qing politics and the reaction force of late Qing politics on the outside world。This aspect can provide a new perspective for us to examine the political changes in the Bet365 lotto review、Add an important variable；On the other hand，It also helps to improve the impression that the Bet365 lotto review and the outside world are in conflict with each other caused by the existing research paradigm，Incorporate the development of China’s modern history into the overall research framework of world history，Presenting historical aspects that have been relatively ignored in the past。

Over 70 years，Research on the political history of the Bet365 lotto review has made many achievements，Research horizons are also constantly expanding。After the founding of the People's Republic of China，Based on the analysis of the nature and basic contradictions of modern Chinese society by Marxist historians，Researchers on the political history of the Bet365 lotto review start from the perspective of the Chinese people’s anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle，Conducted in-depth research on the "Eight Major Events" and related figures，And compiled and published a large number of related materials。Since the reform and opening up，Scholars have gradually opened up new perspectives on the Qing government and the great powers。Since the 1990s，Research results on the "Eight Major Events" are becoming more and more complete，Anthropological and sociological theories influence the study of late Qing political history to a certain extent，Make it appear in all directions、Diversified development trend。First，Relevant scholars have deeply analyzed old historical materials and discovered new historical materials，Complete the research on the "Eight Major Events" and related figures。Secondly，By expanding research objects and research perspectives，Research on the political history of the Bet365 lotto review deepens the existing research on the Qing government and the great powers，Opened up new research fields。Research on the Great Powers and the Political Situation of the Bet365 lotto review，Mainly for English、法、美、Russia、The specific development of China policies of Japan and other countries at important historical points in the Bet365 lotto review。Last，Introducing new research methods，Research period extended。Some scholars draw on research methods from disciplines such as anthropology and ethnology。for example，Starting from the perspective of ethnic identity，Examining Manchu-Han relations in late Qing politics，For example, Manchu officials, relatives, and banner people are preparing to formulate a constitution、Performance and influence in the process of Renxindingge and other processes。There are also some scholars who extend their focus from current political events to political evolution in the "mid-term" or even "long-term"。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China，Research on the political history of the Bet365 lotto review expanded the research perspective，Opened up research fields。This all-round and diversified development trend，It is helpful for us to comprehensively grasp and understand the political changes of the Bet365 lotto review，But，On the role and role of great powers in the political changes of the Bet365 lotto review，There is still room for further deepening and expansion。Since the Opium War，Great powers are coming from the east，China has close contact and interaction with the outside world。In the Bet365 lotto review when the great powers were around，China’s political changes have their own inherent driving forces，There are also the influences of multiple international forces。Therefore，In the field of late Qing political history research，China’s internal perspective and international perspective cannot be neglected。

Although existing relevant research has noted the impact of the 1898 Reform on certain countries or individual foreigners、New Deal in the Bet365 lotto review、Anti-smoking movement in the Bet365 lotto review、Observation and response to China’s internal affairs events such as the Zaifeng expulsion of Yuan incident，But most of them still focus on the great powers in the two Opium Wars、Sino-French War、Sino-Japanese War、Performance in political events involving direct negotiation between China and foreign countries, such as the Gengzi Incident and subsequent unequal treaty negotiations，And the research focus is on after the Sino-Japanese War。This type of research also needs to pay attention to two aspects: first，Selection of research content，Still mainly based on typical events，Easy to break research leads，This leads to fragmentation of research；Part 2，Focus only on the observation and response of one government or individual to the politics of the Bet365 lotto review，It is easy to ignore the multilateral relations between great powers，And the influence of civil forces in various countries on their governments in related events。

We should see，The response and influence of the great powers on China’s political events during the Bet365 lotto review was continuous and coherent。In other words，Although the responses of the great powers to Chinese political events in different periods of the Bet365 lotto review were divided into strong and weak ones，But a weak response to a certain political event does not equate to the country’s absence of influence in Chinese political affairs。In addition，We should also note，The response of the great powers is also affected by various forces within the country and other countries。

Take the series of responses made by the great powers to the Gengzi Incident in the early 20th century as an example，We can see，These response measures depend on the judgments made by governments based on various complex factors。These factors have long-term effects、Historic，There are also short-term ones、Instant；Including both the strategic planning of the great powers in the Far East and the considerations of expanding their power in China，Including the influence of opinions of overseas Chinese in China。Among them，The violent reactions of foreigners in China during this period，The origins can be traced back to foreigners’ panic about China’s anti-foreign religion struggle in the mid-19th century，Experienced the 1891 Yangtze River Mission Plan、1898 Coup of 1898 and many other nodes，And finally reached the peak of panic around the time the Beijing embassy lost contact in 1900。Another example is the negotiation of many unequal treaties between China and foreign countries in the Bet365 lotto review，It cannot be simply regarded as an independent event。Take the negotiation process of tax increase clauses between Chinese and foreign businessmen in the early 20th century as an example，If you only pay attention to China and Britain after the Gengzi Incident、美、The process of negotiating a trade and shipping treaty between Japan and other countries，It is easy to simplify and one-sided the aggressive behavior of great powers。To fully interpret this event，The research perspective must be traced back to the mid-19th century，And comprehensively consider the differences between the British official and the business community during the Sino-British Treaty Revision Negotiations from 1868 to 1869、The formulation process of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce’s tax code revision plan in 1896、Differences among the great powers and within each country over the issue of reparations during the Gengxin period、The dissatisfaction of businessmen from Britain, the United States and other countries with the Treaty of Mackay in 1902 and its impact on subsequent Sino-US commercial treaty negotiations。On this basis，Only researchers can escape from the text of the negotiation records，Understand the origin and true purpose of the various requirements of the great powers from a vertical perspective；Analyze their negotiation strategies horizontally，And fully understand the relationship between the governments of Britain, the United States and other countries、Between business circles、Conflicts between the officialdom and the business community、Collaboration and Game。

Overall，In the study of the political history of the Bet365 lotto review，There is a need to treat international relations as an ongoing and complex variable，Incorporate an overall consideration of the political changes in the Bet365 lotto review。To solve the shortcomings of existing research，Continues the international background clues throughout the political history of the Bet365 lotto review，You can start from two aspects。

On the one hand，Researchers can describe China in the Bet365 lotto review、Major events between the major powers and within their countries are arranged in chronological order，Place the political changes of the Bet365 lotto review in world history，Conduct long-term and multi-faceted observations and comparisons。On this basis，Researchers can fully examine the connections and interactions between China and foreign countries，Not only pay attention to revealing the impact and influence of the international situation on the politics of the Bet365 lotto review，Also attaches great importance to exploring the reaction force of late Qing politics on international affairs and international relations。During the actual research process，In addition to the need to overcome the complicated and complicated collection and arrangement of historical facts caused by the extremely long time span，Researchers also need to compare the political changes in the Bet365 lotto review with those in the same period、English、美、法、日、The multilateral relations between Russia and other countries are closely integrated。Existing research discusses the international background of a certain political event in the Bet365 lotto review，Often divided by country，Discuss the policies of the great powers towards China respectively。We can build on this，Combining the reactions of great powers to other countries’ activities in China、Considerations of the international situation in the Far East and the world，To explore the connections and interactions between the multilateral relations between the great powers and their policies towards China。The focus of this research orientation is different from the research on the history of Sino-foreign relations，His discussion of international relations ultimately serves to deeply explain the complex aspects of political changes in the Bet365 lotto review。

On the other hand，Researchers are paying attention to the impact of the game at the government level of China and foreign countries on the politics of the Bet365 lotto review，It is also necessary to take into account the activities of non-governmental groups in various countries。Currently, most studies examining the political history of the Bet365 lotto review in the context of international relations are still limited to official exchanges。We should pay attention，A specific point in time，Attitudes and performance at the government level of various countries，It is only the temporary result of the game between different domestic opinions，This does not mean that the internal opinions have been fully unified。Actually，The game among all parties within each country continues，Government decisions will continue to change。Therefore，Study on the attitudes and responses of non-governmental groups towards the political situation in the Bet365 lotto review，Helps to more comprehensively explain the sources and potential development trends of the great powers’ decisions on China。In addition，Although Sino-foreign exchanges are an abstract concept，But the carrier of communication is specific people。Limited by communication technology in the Bet365 lotto review，China and foreign countries’ understanding of each other，Significantly influenced by foreigners living in China。Therefore，This group is based on national interests、Business interests、Missionary interests、“Distortion” of facts caused by considerations such as personal and property safety，Should be included in the study of the international relations background of late Qing politics，Be fully evaluated。

It is necessary to construct a long-term political history of the Bet365 lotto review、Comprehensive framework，A thorough and comprehensive explanation of the political changes in the Bet365 lotto review。Among them，On the premise of avoiding exaggerating and fabricating the connection between the international background and late Qing politics，It is necessary to broaden the international perspective of the study of late Qing history，The main thread and international events that caused political changes in the Bet365 lotto review、Consistently synchronized and extensive response to the underlying line of international power。This is both conducive to exploring the role China played in the wider world in the Bet365 lotto review，It can also enhance the vitality of research on the political history of the Bet365 lotto review，And present the richness and complexity of the historical process。

(Author’s unit: Institute of Historical Theory, Bet365 lotto review Academy of Social Sciences)