Since modern times，The West first established a bet365 sign up offer system with natural science and social science as the main structure。However，The world outside the West，Since the beginning of civilization，Have your own way of understanding the world and a unique bet365 sign up offer system。current，More and more international scholars realize that，Western-centered bet365 sign up offer system，Cannot represent all aspects of human bet365 sign up offer and civilization，They began to criticize Western-centrism，And eliminate the influence and imprint of relevant ideological theories in the bet365 sign up offer system and subject research。

A few days ago，Christian Langer, a postdoctoral researcher at the School of Arts, Peking University, and Urus Mattik, a postdoctoral researcher at the Austrian Archaeological Institute bet365 sign up offer Austrian Academy of Sciences () jointly published an article titled "Core Concepts and Issues in Postcolonial Theory in bet365 sign up offer" in Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress. Key Concepts and Agendas) paper。On the colonial origins of bet365 sign up offer、An interdisciplinary perspective on decolonization、Challenges of decolonization in bet365 sign up offer and other related issues，Our reporter interviewed Lang Ketian, the first author of the article、Walter Mignolo, distinguished professor at Duke University in the United States, and Claus Jurman, an independent scholar of bet365 sign up offer in Austria。

　　The foundation of Western civilization is the bet365 sign up offer power matrix

Mignolo said in an interview with reporters，Peruvian sociologist Aníbal Quijano left a valuable intellectual legacy，He proposed the two key concepts of "coloniality" and "decoloniality"。Coloniality is the dark side of Western modernity，Also the foundation of Western civilization。History is a modern one、Western、Disciplinary practice。The norms of the history discipline originated from the first stage of the European Renaissance (14th to 16th centuries)，And established a new meaning in the second stage (16th-17th centuries)。During bet365 sign up offer period，The foundation of Western global expansion is established，The discipline of history has further consolidated its foundation，By establishing the subject in European history、The centrality of institutions and linguistic representation，Appropriate the civilized history of colonial countries as your own。There are two main ways that Western countries do bet365 sign up offer，First，The Western view of history reduces other civilizations that coexist in parallel with Western civilization to a bygone era；Secondly，Western historians take it upon themselves to write the history of other civilizations，In six modern European languages，And these languages ​​are rooted in two linguistic traditions，i.e. Greek and Latin。Narrative expressions in non-Western languages ​​carry non-Western memories，However, these memories have encountered obstacles and denials from Western history。"History" means "events that happened" and "narration of events that happened"。Western history creates an illusion or belief，Equating the narrative with the events being narrated。

Mignolo said，Decolonization movements in Asia and Africa during the Cold War，Aims to drive out colonists and establish a sovereign nation。However，The final result of every decolonization will lead to the establishment of modern/colonial states，bet365 sign up offer is no exception。The United States announced its political and economic designs as it took over global supremacy from Britain，i.e. modernization and development。The narrative of modernization replaced the "progress" admired in Britain。Anyway，Redemption、Progress and modernization are both historical manifestations of the rhetoric of modernity，They are all rhetoric used to promote the benefits of Western civilization。The result is，Modern/colonial countries formed on the soil of colonial areas in Asia and Africa，In the end, they generally rely on the politics of Western civilization、Economic and cognitive foundations。Quigano thinks，The fundamental foundation of Western civilization is the colonial power matrix。This concept looks at the world order since 1500 from a third world and decolonial perspective。

Mignolo said，Not all non-Western countries can have China’s sovereign determination，Many countries would rather stay in the Western concept of modernization。bet365 sign up offer today seems to be wavering，Looking towards West Asia with one eye，Looking at Europe and America with the other eye。Recent，bet365 sign up offer applied to become a member of BRICS，It seems more inclined to West Asia，And may follow the Chinese modernization model。

　　The colonial origins of bet365 sign up offer

Lang Ketian told reporters，bet365 sign up offer originated in the early 18th century，People usually ideally trace the origin of bet365 sign up offer to the "Napoleonic Expedition" of 1798。“Expedition” is a euphemism，It was actually Napoleon who tried to conquer Egypt, which was still part of the Ottoman Empire at the time，And use this to lay the foundation for the subsequent colonization of the African continent。To legitimize this war with the help of ancient Egyptian history，France says Islam has cut off the glorious history of contemporary Egypt and ancient Egypt，Believes that it is Europeans who should expel the Ottomans who believe in Islam，Help Egypt rebuild its former glory。Europeans at the time thought，Egypt was once ruled by the Greek minority，Also part of the Roman Empire，And because Europe thinks it is influenced by the traditions of ancient Greece and Rome，Europe regards Egypt as its origin，Assumed to be part of Western Civilization。

Lang Ketian thinks，The French invasion of Egypt in 1798 was very different from other conquests，There were also French scholars accompanying the army，Responsible for surveying the geography of Egypt、Draw the map、Recording the daily life of local people and Egyptian cultural heritage。This “enlightenment military invasion” was inspired by the ideas of the French Revolution，This concept highlights scientific discovery。This academic investigation gave birth to the "Egyptian Narrative"，These volumes of publications lay the foundation for bet365 sign up offer。The French during the invasion also discovered the Rosetta Stone，The inscription above became the key for academic circles to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs decades later。After self-academics mastered the ability to read Egyptian texts，bet365 sign up offer research is developing rapidly。However，The knowledge of ancient Egypt has long been in the hands of Europeans，Originally controlled by Britain and France，Later, Prussia and Italy。Late 19th century，The United States also joins it。The Egyptian Museum and the Egyptian Antiquities Protection Authority in Cairo were also established at the request of the French。European scholars often use the knowledge of ancient Egypt to confirm the stories of the Bible，Or describing ancient Egyptians as “white” to support racist theories of white supremacy。However，Local Egyptian scholars are marginalized，Early Arabs’ interpretation of ancient ruins was also blocked。Anyway，bet365 sign up offer originated from European imperialism，Later was manipulated by the Europeans to support their political goals in Northeast Africa。It can be said，Current knowledge about ancient Egyptian civilization and the institutional mechanisms that generated ancient research materials are the product of colonial ambitions。

bet365 sign up offer focuses on elite culture and high art，The so-called "high culture"，Relatively little attention is paid to the real life of Egyptian society，The socio-economic history of Egypt。Lang Ketian expressed，Existing research priorities reflect this。As long as you read the popular history of Egypt, you will find it，What drives the development of bet365 sign up offer often focuses on individuals，For example，Napoleon led the army into Egypt and discovered tombs, precious metals, etc.。Although such content is very story-telling，It’s also easier to promote，But it is difficult to help us truly understand ancient Egyptian society。In addition，Movie、Popular cultural works such as novels and paintings also perpetuate the colonial imagination about Egypt，Therefore，It is easy to associate ancient Egypt and bet365 sign up offer with the exotic、Mysterious places connected together。In comparison，Decolonization can help people better understand ancient Egyptian society，In addition，Decolonial bet365 sign up offer will no longer be used to rationalize unequal social relations。Researchers can introduce non-Western ways of thinking，Provide alternative explanations for ancient bet365 sign up offer theories；Expanding the scope of bet365 sign up offer，Make it not limited to the study of ancient history，More like a variant of regional studies；Study the role of ancient Egyptian culture in modern Egypt and even around the world。Unfortunately，Existing relevant academic research focuses too much on Western scholars，Ignore scholars including eastern Eurasia。Therefore，It is necessary to open up bet365 sign up offer in time and space，Get rid of its inherent Western-centrism。

　　Judging the degree of decolonization of bet365 sign up offer

Ullman told reporters，Decolonization is a politically charged issue。Decolonization is not just a process in which colonies regain political autonomy from colonizers，It is also a process of revealing and changing the deep relationship structure between (former) colonizers and colonies。bet365 sign up offer, like many historical disciplines，The background of its existence in the European context is limited to colonialism and imperial disputes。The academic community’s strong interest in the pharaohs of ancient Egypt and the West’s interest in Egyptian politics、Economy、The intervention of cultural evolution is closely related，resulting in 19、Egyptological research topics during the 20th century closely revolved around discussions of dominance and hegemony，Separated Egypt, an ancient civilization that was ideologically related to the West, and everything that came after it。These arguments rationalize the act of praising the history of the Pharaohs，And treat contemporary Egypt simply as a channel to obtain research objects，And often achieve the goal through development and utilization。Although Egypt has gradually turned to the host of bet365 sign up offer research、Research objectives and research subjects，But the "initial setting" of bet365 sign up offer is still engraved in the genes。Therefore，The crux of the matter is not why bet365 sign up offer should be decolonized，It depends on whether this goal can be truly achieved。

Lang Ketian expressed，Since the late 1990s and especially the early 2000s，People criticize past colonial practices。These critical voices mainly come from the English cultural circle，Especially the UK。Why this view has gradually emerged over the past 20 years？This may be related to generational differences。Each generation of scholars is different from the previous generation to some extent，A new generation of British Egyptologists has a greater awareness of the links between bet365 sign up offer and colonialism，And hope that by reflecting on the mistakes of the past, we can ensure that contemporary bet365 sign up offer does not repeat them。Since then，The mainstream view in the academic community is to criticize the colonial practice of bet365 sign up offer 100-150 years ago。Today，Apply for a project with a theme around this mainstream view，It’s also easier to get funding。But this phenomenon has also triggered opposition from some colleagues，They accuse this practice of being tantamount to hypocritical whitewashing，We continue to conduct research in the same style as in the past under the cloak of anti-colonialism。I’m afraid you can only pay attention to how Egyptologists carry out their work in Egypt today，Or when consciously searching for colonial narratives and ongoing theoretical approaches and assumptions，Maybe you will find the problem。The latest progress in research in this area is，Some Egyptologists have begun to examine how past colonial practices continue to influence contemporary bet365 sign up offer，The practice and role of bet365 sign up offer in contemporary international relations and the problematization of the relationship between bet365 sign up offer and Egyptian nationalism。

On how to judge the degree of decolonization of bet365 sign up offer，Lang Ketian expressed，The simplest and most direct way to measure is，From the time when local Egyptians began to control ancient Egyptian heritage and produce related knowledge through publishing and other means，The decolonization of bet365 sign up offer is complete。Some people think，bet365 sign up offer has actually been decolonized，Because the current Egyptian government controls who has access to Egyptian cultural sites。However，actually，The power to spread knowledge about ancient Egypt still lies in the hands of the English-speaking cultural circle，This is related to the dominance of English in the global academic publishing industry。The huge influence of American academic institutions and academic publications，Directly leading to certain academic opinions being repeatedly confirmed，But Arabic-speaking scholars have little opportunity to spread knowledge abroad。In addition，This overly simple judgment method ignores one point，Extant Egyptological knowledge may itself have been contaminated by colonial narratives，Egypt, a country that was once colonized, may continue to use the knowledge system and knowledge structure introduced by the former colonizers。The current situation is，The Europeans transferred control of the original colonial framework to the hands of the Egyptian elite，But this does not mean decolonization is complete。Egypt’s elite follows the structure established by Britain and France，And use the colonial narrative of Egypt’s pharaonic past to consolidate Egyptian nationalism and elite rule。

Lang Ketian then introduced the second, more comprehensive judgment method，This approach takes into account the colonization of knowledge structures，With an eye toward large-scale decolonization。On the one hand，Recognize that simply transferring control to national elites will not erase the colonial narrative。People must challenge and ultimately eradicate the system established by the colonizers、Epistemological structure。On the other hand，Must consider who are the beneficiaries of decolonization，Who can actively build the historical knowledge framework of ancient Egypt，and decide how to apply this knowledge。This applies not only to bet365 sign up offer itself，Also applicable to other societies。This involves not only geographical inequality，And within society、Inequality between classes。Decolonization aims to address the inherent injustice between the former colonizers and the colonized、Unequal relationship，Thus creating justice and equality，This process also applies to relationships within a single society。

　Promote the bet365 sign up offer process step by step

Ullman said，From a cognitive perspective，To decolonize bet365 sign up offer，It is not only necessary to remove the prejudice against Orientalism and colonialism’s distorted presentation of research goals，We also need to re-examine the cognitive framework of this discipline。The academic community needs to reflect，Basics of bet365 sign up offer research、What are motivations and goals。At the same time，It is also necessary to examine the extent to which current topics in bet365 sign up offer are influenced by the origins of the discipline，Thus re-planning。In terms of what is actually covered in the decolonization process of bet365 sign up offer，Mainly focus on two aspects: First, to explore how the archaeological practice of bet365 sign up offer affects Egyptian stakeholders，Especially local communities adjacent to archaeological sites，Also study the impact of government policies at all levels on these archaeological practices；The second is to study society、Politics、Economic and other prerequisites，And the consequences of conducting research in Egypt today。bet365 sign up offer involves complex social practices，Cannot be completely separated from Egypt’s non-academic context and global political framework。

Juman thinks，Egyptological studies including Egyptian studies，Must make overall changes to truly become a decolonized discipline。However，This change process is likely to be small and gradual，The entire process will be influenced by outside academic circles，For example, the development of Egypt’s political and social structure。As the study of bet365 sign up offer has become a global endeavor，Future research methods may be greatly increased，The disciplinary identity of bet365 sign up offer may also be gradually redefined。Since polycentric bet365 sign up offer research must exist，bet365 sign up offer should continue to promote dialogue between supporters of different academic schools。It makes no sense to simply replace one hegemonic paradigm with another hegemonic paradigm。

The subject of decolonization becomes the political society in the public sphere，Mignolo said，Political society also includes scholars in academia and museums、Curators and Artists，They are all aware bet365 sign up offer remaining modern/colonial “ghosts” in their institutions。The issue now is not to decolonize these institutions，Because doing so means continuing to maintain these colonial institutions，And fell into the colonial trap again。But，Decolonial work within modern/colonial institutions is possible，Also urgent and necessary。

Lang Ketian thinks，If the simplest definition is adopted，bet365 sign up offer may have been decolonized。But from a more comprehensive perspective，Decolonized bet365 sign up offer never existed。These two measures can be viewed as two ends of a spectrum，Used to measure the progress of the decolonization process。The current disciplinary status quo is the product of unequal power relations，And may distort the image of ancient Egyptian society，Even a multipolar bet365 sign up offer may still follow old colonial traditions and trajectories。A decolonized bet365 sign up offer means scholars around the world can engage in more equal research on a global scale、Diverse and Inclusive Egyptological Studies，And pay more attention to local knowledge in Egypt、Traditions and perspectives。However，Merely achieving multipolarity does not ensure the decolonization of bet365 sign up offer。To achieve this goal，Also need to understand the existing knowledge system、In-depth reflection and reform of research methods and objectives。What is the future of decolonized bet365 sign up offer in a multipolar world，Depending on how we define decolonization，And how to adapt bet365 sign up offer to the ongoing global changes。