Since modern times，The West first set up a knowledge system with natural science and social science as the main structure。But，World outside the West，Since the history of civilization，There are ways and methods of knowing the world and unique knowledge system。Current，More and more international scholars recognize，Knowledge system centered on the west，Unable to represent all aspects of human knowledge and civilization，They started to criticize the Western Center theory，Eliminate the impact of relevant ideological theories in the research of knowledge system and discipline research。

A few days ago，Christian Langer, a postdoctoral researcher at the School of Arts of Peking University, and Ulus Matik (, PhD in the Austrian Institute of Archeology at the Austrian Academy of Sciences,) In the "Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeologal Congress), a joint publishing entitled" POSTCOLONIA "entitled" Core Concepts and Issues of Egyptian Colonial theory "(POSTCOLONIA" l theory in egyptology: Key Concepts and Agendas) The paper。For the colonial origin of Egyptian learning、Look at the colonization from a cross -disciplinary perspective、The challenges of Egypt's learning to go to colonization，This reporter interviewed the first author of the article Lang Ke Tian、Walter Mignolo, an outstanding professor at Duke University in the United States, and Claus Jurman, an independent scholar of Egyptian Studies in Austria。

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Minoo said in an interview with reporters，Peruvian sociologist Aníball Quijano left a valuable knowledge heritage，He proposed the two key concepts of "coloniality" and "de -coloniality"。Coloniality is the dark side of Western modernity，It is also the basis of Western civilization。History is a modern、West、Disciplinary practice。The specifications of historical disciplines originated in the first stage of the European Renaissance (14-16 centuries)，and in the second stage (16-17 century) established a new meaning。In this period，The foundation of Western global expansion is established，and the historical discipline further stabilized the foundation，The main body in European history、The central position of the system and language expression，The history of the civilization of the colonial country as its own。There are two main methods for Western countries，First，Western historical concept will be reduced to other civilizations parallel to Western civilization to a time that has passed; followed by，Western historian claims to write history for other civilizations，It uses six modern European languages，And these languages ​​are rooted in two linguistic traditions，is Greek and Bet365 app download Latin。bet365 Play online games Non -Western language narrative expression carries non -Western memories，These memories have encountered obstacles and negation of Western history。"History" means "the incident" and "narrative of the incident"。Western history created an illusion or belief，Draw the narrative and described events with an equal number。

Minoro said，Asia and Africa during the Cold War，It aims to drive away the colonists and establish a sovereign state。But，The final result of each colonization will guide the establishment of modern/colonial countries，Egypt is no exception。When the United States took over the global domineering status from the United Kingdom, its political and economic design，that is modernization and development。Modern narrative replaces the "Progress" respected by the UK。In short，Redemption、progress and modernization are the historical performance of modern rhetoric，All rhetoric for preaching the benefits of western civilization。The result of this is，Modern/colonial countries formed on the soil formed in the Asian -African colonial area，Eventually, all rely on the politics of Western civilization、Economic and Cognitive Basis。Quigaruo thinks，The fundamental foundation of Western civilization is the colonial power matrix。This concept views the world order since the third world and the perspective of going to coloniality。

Mino Luo said，Not all non -Western countries can have a sovereign determination like China，Many countries would rather stay in the concept of modernization in the West。Today’s Egypt seems to be swaying，Looking at West Asia，Looking at Europe and the United States。Recent，Egypt's application becomes a member of the BRICS country，This seems to be more inclined to West Asia，and may follow the Chinese -style modern mode。

　　Colonial origin of Egyptian studies 

Lang Ke Tian told reporters，Egyptian studies originated in the early 18th century，People usually trace the origin of Egyptian learning to "Napoleon Expedition" in 1798。"Expedition" is a euphemistic saying，In fact, Napoleon tried to conquer Egypt, which was still belonging to the Ottoman Empire at the time，and to lay the foundation for the next colonial Africa continent。To legalize this war in order to use the history of ancient Egypt，France calls Islam cut off the glory history of contemporary Egypt and ancient Egypt，Think that the European people who are expelled from the Islamic Oslim people，Help Egypt to rebuild the former glory。The Europeans thought at the time，Egypt has been ruled by the Greek ethnic minorities，It also belonged to the Roman Empire，and because Europe believes that it has affected the tradition of ancient Greece and the ancient Roman tradition，Europe also regards Egypt as its own source，Assume that it is part of Western civilization。

Lang Ke Tian believes，In 1798, French aggression Egypt and other conquest behaviors are completely different，French scholars bet365 live casino games bet365 live casino games who accompanied the army at that time，Responsible for surveying Egypt's geography、Draw a map、Record the daily life of the locals and the cultural heritage of Egypt。This "Enlightenment Military Invasion" is inspired by the concept of the French Revolution，This concept emphasizes scientific discovery。This academic survey gave birth to the birth of the Egyptian description，These volumes of publications laid the foundation for Egypt to learn。The French during the invasion also discovered the Roseta stone monument，The inscription above became the key to the academic circles deciphering the Egyptian pictographs after decades。After mastering the ability to read Egyptian text，Egyptian Studies Research rapid development。But，Ancient Egypt's knowledge has been in the hands of Europeans for a long time，Originally controlled by Britain and France，Later, there were Prussia and Italy。At the end of the 19th century，The United States also joined it。Cairo's Egyptian Museum and Egyptian Cultural Relics Protection is also established by the French.。European scholars often use ancient Egypt's knowledge to confirm the Bible story，Or describe the ancient Egyptians as "white" to support white suprematic racism theory。But，Local scholars in Egypt encountered marginalization，Early Arabs' interpretation of ancient ruins also encountered a blockade。In short，Egyptian studies originated in European imperialism，Later, it was controlled by Europeans to support its political goals in Northeast Africa。It can be said，The current knowledge about ancient Egyptian civilization and the institutional mechanism that spawned ancient research data is the product of colonial ambitions。

Egyptian learning focuses on elite culture and elegant art，The so -called "advanced culture"，and relatively little attention to the real life of Egyptian society，That is the social and economic history of Egypt。Lang Ke Tian said，The focus of existing research also reflects this。As long as it opens the popular history of Egypt, it will be discovered，Driving Egyptian Studies Development often focuses on individuals，For example，Napoleon led the army into Egypt and discovered the tomb and precious metals。Although this content is very storytelling，It is easier to promote，But it is difficult to help us truly understand the ancient Egyptian society。other，Movie、Popular cultural works such as novels and paintings also continue the colonial imagination of Egypt，So，It is easy for people to make ancient Egypt and Egyptianism and exotic mood、Mysterious land linked。In contrast，Destingment can help people better understand ancient Egyptian society，other，Egyptian studies to colonize will no longer be used to rationally explain unequal social relations。Researchers can introduce non -Western thinking methods，Provide alternative bet365 Play online games bet365 Play online games interpretation to the theory of ancient Egyptian studies; expand the scope of Egyptian studies，Make it not limited to studying ancient history，and a variant of more regional research; study the role of ancient Egyptian culture in modern Egypt and even the world。Unfortunately，Existing related academic research pays too much attention to Western scholars，Scholars, including the eastern part of Eurasia。So，It is necessary to open Egyptian studies in time and space，Get rid of its inner Western centralism。

　　Determine the degree of Egyptian learning to go to colonization 

Jurman told reporters，Decoration of colonization is a issue full of political meaning。Reading colonization is not just the process of the colonies who retrieved political autonomy from the colonists，It is a process of revealing and changing (front) deep relations between colonists and colonies。Egyptian studies are the same as many historical disciplines，Its background in the European context is limited to colonialism and empire disputes。The strong interest of the academic world for the Pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the Western politics to Egypt、Economy、The intervention of cultural evolution is closely related，As a result, 19、The issue of Egyptian studies during the 20th century is closely focused on rule and hegemony discussions，Specified Egypt, an ancient civilization related to the West in ideology and everything that appeared later。These discussions will praise the behavior of the old history of Fa -old，and treat contemporary Egypt simply as a channel for obtaining research objects，and often achieve the purpose through the means of development and utilization。Although Egypt has gradually shifted to the host of Egyptian study research、Research goals and research subjects，But the "initialization settings" of Egyptian learning is still engraved in genes。So，The crux of the question is why Egyptian studies should go to colonization，and whether this goal can really achieve。

Lang Ke Tian said，Since the late 1990s, especially since the beginning of the 21st century，People criticize the practice of past colonization。These critical voices mainly come from the English cultural circle，Especially Britain。Why does this view have gradually appeared over the past 20 years? This may be related to intergenerational differences。Each generation of scholars is different from the previous generation of scholars，The new generation of British Egypt scholars have a higher understanding of the connection between Egyptian studies and colonialism，and hope to ensure that the past mistakes are reflected to ensure that contemporary Egyptian studies will no longer repeat the same mistakes。From then on，The mainstream view of the academic community is to criticize the Egyptian academic colonial practice 100-150 years ago。Now，Apply for the theme of this mainstream view for the theme，It is also easier bet365 live casino games to get funds。But this bet365 best casino games phenomenon has also triggered some opposition from peers，They accused this approach that is no different from hypocritical whitewashing behavior，It is a study that is not the same as the past style in the anti -colonial coat。I am afraid that I only pay attention to observe how the Egyptian scholars today work in Egypt，or consciously search for the narrative of the colonial period and the theoretical method and assumption that is still continuously，It may be found to find the problem。The latest progress in this study is，Some Egyptian scholars have begun to study how the past colonial practice continues to affect contemporary Egyptian learning，The practice and role of Egyptian studies in today's international relations and the problem of the relationship between Egyptian studies and Egyptian nationalism。

About the extent of how to judge Egypt's study to colonize，Lang Ke Tian said，The simplest and direct measurement method is，From the local people of Egypt to control the ancient Egyptian heritage and produce related knowledge through publication and other channels，The de -colonization of Egypt's studies has been completed。Some people think，Egyptian studies have actually realized de -colonization，Because the current Egyptian government controls who can enter Egyptian cultural sites。But，Actually，The power of spreading ancient Egyptian knowledge is still in the hands of the English culture circle，This is related to the dominant position of English in the global academic publishing industry。The huge influence of American academic institutions and academic publications，Directly leading to some academic views can be reproduced，Scholars who use Arabic have almost no chance to spread knowledge overseas。other，This too simple judgment method ignores a bit，Existing Egyptian knowledge itself may have been contaminated by colonial narratives，And Egypt, an once -colonial country, may follow the knowledge system and knowledge structure introduced by the predecessor。The current situation is，Europeans transfer the control of the original colonial framework to the hands of the Egyptian elite，But this does not mean that the colonization has been completed。Egyptian elite class uses the structure built by Britain and France，and use colonial narratives of Egyptian Pharaoh in the past to consolidate Egyptian nationalism and elite rule。

Lang Ke Tian then introduced the second more comprehensive judgment method，This method considers the colonization of the knowledge structure，and focus on the large -scale de -colonization。On the one hand，To realize that only the control of the control of the control to the national elite can not clear the colonial narrative。People must challenge and finally eradicate the institutionality established by the colonizers、Activity Structure。On the other hand，It is necessary to consider who is the bet365 live casino games beneficiary of the colonization，Bet365 lotto review Who can actively build the ancient Egyptian historical knowledge framework，and decide how to use these knowledge。This is not only suitable for Egyptian learning itself，It is also applicable to other society。This not only involves geographical inequality，There are also internal society、Unewal between class。Decoration to colonization aims to solve the essential injustice between the former colonial and the colonial person、Unlimited relationship，to create justice and equality，This process is also applicable to the relationship between a single society。

　step by step to promote the processing process 

Yulman said，From the perspective of cognition，If you want to learn to colonize for Egypt，Not only requires removing prejudice of orientalism and colonialism, the distorted presentation of research goals，Also re -examine the discipline's cognitive framework。The academic community needs reflection，Research Basis of Egyptian Studies、What are the motivations and goals。At the same time，It is also necessary to examine how much the current Egyptian topics are affected by the origin of the discipline，So as re -planning。From the actual coverage of the colonization process from Egypt, it is viewed，Main focus: First, to explore how the archaeological practice of Egyptian studies affects Egyptian interests，Especially local communities adjacent to archeological sites，At the same time, the impact of the policies of governments at all levels on these archaeological practice; the second is to study society、Politics、Economic and other prerequisites，What consequences of the current Egyptian Launch Research Association。Egyptian learning is complex social practice，It cannot be completely stripped from Egypt's non -academic context and global political framework。

Yulman thinks，Egyptian Studies, including Egyptian State Research，It must be changed as a whole to truly become a discipline of going to colonize。But，This change process is likely to be slightly and step by step，The entire process will be affected by the external academic circle，For example, the development of Egyptian political and social structure。Because Egyptian studies have become a global cause，Future research methods may greatly increase，The subject status of Egyptian studies may also gradually be redefined。Since the multi -center Egyptian study research must exist，Egyptian studies should continue to promote different academic genre supporters to carry out dialogue。It is meaningless to replace another hegemonic paradigm with a hegemonism.。

The subject of the colonization has become a political society in the public domain，Minoo said，Political Society also includes scholars in academia and museums、curator and artist，They have realized that their institutions have the same "ghost" of modern/colonial "ghosts"。Now the problem is not to solve these Bet365 lotto review institutions，This means that this means Bet365 lotto review to keep retaining these agencies with colonized tendencies，and fall into colonial traps again。but，It is possible to go to colonization in modern/colonial institutions，It is also urgent and necessary。

Lang Ke Tian believes，If the simplest definition is used，Egyptian school may have achieved going to colonization。But from a more comprehensive perspective，Non -colonized Egyptian studies have never existed。These two measures can be regarded as both ends of a spectrum，The progress used to measure the process of de -colonization。The current status of disciplines is the product of unequal power relationship，and may distort the image of ancient Egyptian society，Even the polarized Egyptian school may still use the old colonialism tradition and trajectory。Completed Egyptian studies that have been colonized means that scholars from all over the world can be more equal globally、Diverse and tolerant Egyptian Studies，and pay more attention to the local knowledge of Egypt、Tradition and perspective。But，Only the realization of multi -pole can not ensure the de -colonization of Egyptian learning。To achieve this goal，It also needs to be an existing knowledge system、Research methods and goals for in -depth reflection and reform。What is the future scene of Egyptian Egyptian studies in the multi -world world，Depending on how we define it to colonize，How to make Egypt's learning adapt to the global change that is happening。