Create a new form of human civilization，Need to understand the endogenom system of various civilizations and compare its excellent length，Also familiar with the interaction between civilization、Mutual Learning and its laws，to better grasp the development direction of human civilization，Leading human civilization towards higher -level new forms。

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Civilized development has basic common laws，But not a uniform one mode。Each civilization is in the process of generating and development，It will gradually condense your own characteristics and continue to strengthen、curing，to form a civilized characteristic。Study the history of world civilization，Except for the commonality of human civilization，It should be more analyzed and compared the characteristics of each civilization and its formation elements。This is the richness of the connotation of civilization、Diversity of civilized forms、The key to curve development of civilization。Compare the civilization，It can make us understand the differences between different paths and civilizations between world civilization development，Therefore, drawing all the nutrition of all civilization，Create a new form of civilization on this basis。

During the development process of each civilization，Contact with other civilizations、Traffic、Communication、Exchanges and competition various subjective and objective interaction，Continuous enrichment、Perfect and improve yourself。interaction between civilization mainly occurs between common civilization，Most of them are the interaction between both sides or more parties。There are many ways and goals in interaction，The best way and goal is to grow up and make up for each other，Followed by normal peaceful communication、Exchange and communication。Compare with each other、mutual opponents，It can stimulate their respective forge，It is also a special way for civilized interaction。Strike each other、Destroy the other party，Even launched a war destroying or annexing each other，is the most brutal method、Purpose is the most cruel、The most negative twist interaction，Although it is some kind of victory for strong or victory，But the price paid by the entire human beings is too large。Interaction between civilization and another special objective form，That is the one -way influence of the previous civilization on the later civilization，Among them, the impact of the same regional previous generation civilization on future civilization，There are also cross -regional influences Bet365 app download of civilization on civilization in future generations。In short，Civilized interaction (including two -way and one -way) is mostly promoted by various conditions、Spontaneous objective behavior。

Study and draw on the civilization of others out of the subjective desire，That is civilized communication and mutual learning，This is an active、A higher conscious interaction。This mutual learning must be based on the strengths of the person who knows others，or premise based on the shortcomings and lessons of others。Civilized Exchange and Mutual Learning in history is both manifested as a one -way learning of civilized civilization in civilization in history、Absorbing and reference (such as the factors of absorbing Western classical civilization in modern European civilization、Arab -Islamic civilization absorbs many elements of ancient Middle East civilization)，It can also be manifested as one -way learning and absorption of the other party in the common civilization (such as the learning and absorption of Chinese civilization in Middle -aged Japan)，It can also be manifested as the two sides or multiple parties in the common civilization.。The interaction between civilization and mutual learning constitute the fundamental aspects of the relationship between major civilizations in the world，Become a civilized continuous progress、The strong driving force for the continuous development of world history。

Emphasize the interaction of civilization、Mutual Learning，It is not to make different civilizations completely integrate，Instead, the efforts of various civilizations are condensed into a community (such as the community of destiny)，It can be "harmonious and different" for a long time, "seeking common deposits"。Each civilization respects the civilization of others，Have tolerance to others，Do not take the other party for the purpose。To make the world civilization truly integrate into one，Only the excellent characteristics of each civilization，and gradually erod the difference between civilization with the process。The so -called new form of creating human civilization，It is to create a high -level civilization that can integrate the excellent characteristics of various civilizations to produce a compound effect and stimulate new factors。

　The main civilization of the world that should be deepened

Humans have entered the era of civilization nearly 6000 years ago，More than dozens of important civilizations have appeared。Currently worthy of focusing on research，There are two types of categories。

One category still exists today、Civilization that has a wide range of influence on the modern world。The main civilizations that are currently attracted to the focus are: (1) European civilization，or Western civilization。5-16 centuries of breeding forming，18、19th century to rise into a modern bet365 Play online games society，Gradually obtained a dominant position in the world in the 16th -19th century's external colonial expansion。20th Century，The internal competition is fierce，Europe was weakened by war。Fast revival after the war，It is still self -proclaimed in terms of material life and spiritual values。(2) American civilization，It is the transplantation of European white colonists and immigrants for European civilization，and localized as needed，Different from European civilization，Formed and developed in the 18th century，Currently in a strong position in the world。(3) Latin American civilization，is another sub -civilization generated by western civilizations，Mother civilization is the Iberian civilization mark，and there are a certain Indian civilization trace，American civilization, which is also descendant of European civilization, takes a completely different development path。(4) Russian civilization，molding in the 9-16 century，17、Westernization reform in the 18th century，Disposal in the 19th century to be the largest country，The 20th century developed into a superpower，Today is still the power that cannot be underestimated in the world。(5) Arabia — Islamic civilization，7th century in the Arabian Peninsula，8th-9th century expanded into a large empire，Absorb many ancient civilized factors。Although the empire is broken down，But the spiritual pillar of civilization is spreading in multi -direction，formed a vast Islamic world。(6) Indian civilization，One of the oldest civilizations in the Asian continent，The 15th century BC of Aryan began to become the main body of Indian civilization，In the middle, foreign nations and foreign religions are constantly entering the subordinate，Civilized development intermittent，But the Yalian as the main body of the group、Brahminism -Hinduism as a spiritual pillar，Live until today。(7) Chinese civilization，One of the oldest civilizations in Asia，The only civilization that has not developed in more than 5000 years，It was the world's most powerful country and the most prosperous civilization，Condensed many excellent culture，and spread and spread to the surroundings。The second half of the 20th century is rejuvenated by youth，In the 21st century, move towards revival。(8) Japanese civilization，Although it is classified into the Confucian cultural circle，But it can also be regarded as an independent civilization。Japan is good at imitating others，7th Century Chinese Culture，Early modern Dutch，19th Century Meiji New School West，A large number of foreign technology after World War II。

Another category is existing in history、Civilizations that have played a significant role in the development of world history or have far -reaching influence。This influence is existing bet365 Play online games global，There are certain aspects。Research on it helps restore the historical appearance，Reveal the law of civilization，Or can bring a certain revelation and reference to today。For example: (1) Nomadic civilization。A opposition to the northern end of the Asia -Europe continent，During 3000 years of years, it launched many impacts on the farming world，Frequently changing the world civilization pattern。(2) Ancient Middle East civilization。The earliest civilization group in the world，Including ancient Egyptian civilization、Ancient two river basin civilization、Heri Civilization、Jewish civilization、Philimy Civilization、Syrian civilization、Persian civilization, etc.。They accumulate historical nutrients for later civilization。(3) Western classical civilization，Including ancient Greek civilization and ancient Roman civilization。It has a significant impact on the birth of Western civilization after the 5th century，Roman factors are one of the three major sources of Western civilization (the other two major factors are Germanic factor and Christian factors)，Roman strong respect and learning Greek culture，Western classical civilization also has more interaction with the Middle East civilization of the same time。(4) Middle Ages Byzantine Civilization，Western European civilization with the same time、Russian civilization、Arab -Islamic civilization, etc., all have more interaction，It is also the "Golden Bridge" (Marx) that is also connected to the East and Western civilization。(5) Modern Ottoman civilization。16、17th century full of prosperity，Long -term confrontation with Western civilization、Game，It was a barrier that blocked the eastward expansion of Western forces，In the end, it was involved in the group's group fighting in the Western world，Collapse after World War I.。

　　The path of comparison, interaction and mutual learning between civilization

Civilized comparison，The purpose is to understand the communication between civilization、Differences and influence，Deepen the understanding of the common laws and unique roads of the development of civilization。Comparison of both parties or multiple parties should comparable，Can't be too span -out。Both macro integrated comparison，As the world's most typical、Most representative、The most significant Eastern Chinese civilization and Western European civilization，The origin mode of these two civilizations、Development Road、Core value、Spirit pillar、Thinking mode、behavioral method、The ending of the development ending for a comprehensive comparison。Another example is Chinese civilization and Indian civilization，Both are ancient oriental civilization，but developed into two very different civilized Bet365 app download patterns，worthy of multi -dimensional comparison。Another similarities between the same similarities between the child civilization and the mother civilization，For example, comparison between American civilization and European civilization;，For example, American civilization and Latin American civilization are derived from European civilization，and the origin conditions are similar (colonial)，But the later development path and degree are completely different。You can also perform a special comparison of microability，Compare it in a certain aspect of civilization，If the concept of community in Chinese history and the comparison of Western Europe; feudal China and Western European farmers、Comparison of agricultural and rural issues; comparison of Chinese and Western European cities in the feudal era; comparison of different cultural spirit in the West。

Common civilization interaction has strong objectivity，Must analyze the conditions of interactive existence、Form (peace or violence)，Evaluate the degree and state of interaction (direct or indirect、Normal or intermittent)、Results and influence (promotes each other、Competition of each other，Still strong suppression or destruction, or even annexing the asymmetric interaction of the disadvantaged side), etc.。There are many famous interactive phenomena in the history of world civilization，The impact of nomadic peoples on farming civilization; the impact of Greek on ancient civilization in the Middle East; confrontation and war between the Arab world and Europe; the spread and penetration of Byzantine East orthodox culture to Eastern Europe;、Communication、History of exchange，For example, the Silk Road; Westerners' conquest of American Indian civilization;、Reaction of impact and Oriental。The influence Bet365 app download of civilization on civilization in civilization，is a one -way interaction。There is a front and back relationship with the same area，The impact of Roman civilization on European civilization，The impact of ancient civilization in the Middle East on Arabic -Islamic civilization; also interacting across time and space，If the spread of Indian civilization to Southeast Asia, etc.。Several counter -examples are also worthy of in -depth research，Integrated interaction with asymmetric。One situation is violent conflict such as war between the two parties，The economic and social and society of the conflict has caused great damage。Another situation is to defeat or even conquer the disadvantaged square，The disadvantaged party is completely declining or even perish。If there is no interaction between civilization，can also cause adverse effects。As the American civilization during the Middle Ages、African civilization has no interaction with Asian and European civilization，Bet365 app download Between the three major civilizations in the Americas、Lack of interaction between the civilizations of Africa。One of the negative consequences of lack of interaction is the unable to grow and make up for short、Promote each other; the second of negative consequences is lack of competition、Can't get up。

Civilized communication and mutual learning have greater initiative，Its role and influence are mostly positive aspects。The issuance of mutual learning behavior is caused by spiritual cognition，Mutual content is mostly at the material level and institutional level，If you learn the material production technology of others，or advanced system and management method。Most of the mutual learning is to learn from common civilization、Absorption of mutual absorption is beneficial、Learn from each other experience lessons，Of course there are also active and active differences。There is also a one -way learning of later civilization in civilization (including external civilization)，Absorb the front、Positive elements。The more successful civilizations in the world's history are mutually learning: medieval Western European advocating classical culture such as Roman France，Learn Byzantine Culture，Introduction Arabic culture and technology; 7th century，Japan sent Sui A envoy、Send the Tang ambassador，Learn Chinese culture and system，Newly renovated; 19th Century，The Meiji Restoration of Japan to study Western Studies in Western Studies、Denta into Europe; 17th Century，Peter I learned the reform of Western Europe, etc.; 20th century China learned the October Revolution of Russia，Feng Marxism guidance thought、set off a socialist movement; Türkiye's 20th century Karmur European reform。There are also some anti -examples that can provide lessons。such as 18-19 century，Three Muslim Empires (Ottoman、Persian、Mughal) The reform is unsuccessful; the late 19th century，China first carried out foreign affairs motion to imitate the civilization of Western utensils，Although there is a new Wuying Wei Xin, it has not touched the agricultural economy and the feudal system，Therefore, it is difficult to get rid of the semi -colonial semi -feudal fate。There are also negative lessons that set the wrong model，For example, the monarch and military system of the Japanese Meiji Restoration Emperor Mid -Restoration of the Virtue of De will，As a result, on the road of military feudal imperialism。

Comparison of bet365 live casino games civilization、Interactive and mutual learning，It aims to further promote the academic innovation of world civilization history。The history of early civilization is mostly inspecting civilization one by one，Emphasize the self -reasons for the prosperity and decline of civilization、Self -evolution law。Comparison between civilization、Interactive and mutual learning research，It can reveal the historical inevitable of the world's civilization to the high -level new form from grasping the horizontal interaction and mutual learning trend of civilization。Comparison between civilization、Interactive and mutual learning research，Can change the internal vision of the past of the history of world civilization、The vertical narrative system，Place various civilizations within the huge framework of the human world，Explore the horizontal connection between civilization。So，We can establish a new world civilization history subject system、academic system and discourse system，Reveal、absorption、Active factor for gathering and integrating various civilizations，Make the content of the new form of civilization more diverse、tolerance、Openness，and in -depth understanding of the commonness and commonness of human civilization，The foundation of the understanding of the community of human destiny。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Fund "comparison between major civilizations in world history、Research on interactive and mutual learning "(22&ZD249) Staged results)

(The author is a professor at the Institute of European Civilization, Tianjin Normal University、President of the Ancient Medieval History Research Association of China)