Creating a new form of human bet with bet365，It is necessary to understand the endogenous genealogy of each bet with bet365 and compare its advantages，We must also be familiar with the interaction between civilizations、Mutual learning and its rules，To better grasp the development direction of human bet with bet365，Leading human bet with bet365 to a higher level and new form。

　　The necessity of research on comparison, interaction and mutual learning among civilizations

There are basic common laws for the development of civilizations，But not a uniform pattern。In the process of emergence and development of each bet with bet365，Will gradually condense its own characteristics and continuously strengthen them、Cure，Thus forming the characteristics of bet with bet365。Study the history of world bet with bet365，In addition to exploring the commonalities of human bet with bet365，We should further analyze and compare the characteristics and forming factors of each bet with bet365。This is to understand the richness of bet with bet365、Diversity of bet with bet365 forms、The key to the curve of bet with bet365 development。Compare civilizations，It can enable us to have a deeper understanding of the different development paths of world bet with bet365 and the differences between civilizations，Thus absorbing the nutrients of all civilizations more broadly，Create a new form of bet with bet365 on this basis。

Each bet with bet365 is in the process of development，Must be through contact with other civilizations、Transportation、Interaction、Various subjective and objective interactions such as communication and competition，Continuously enriching、Improve and improve yourself。Interactions between civilizations mainly occur between synchronic civilizations，Mostly the mutual influence between two or more parties。There are many ways and goals to interact，The best way and goal is to learn from each other's strengths and weaknesses，The second is normal and peaceful exchanges、Exchange and communication, etc.。Compete with each other、Each other’s rivals，Can stimulate each other to make progress，It is also a special way of civilized interaction。And fight each other、Destroy the opponent，Even launch a war to destroy or annex the other party，The most brutal way、The most cruel purpose、The most negative distorted interaction，Although it is a certain victory for the stronger or victorious party，But the price paid by the entire human race is too high。There is another special objective form of interaction between civilizations，That is the one-way influence of previous civilizations on subsequent civilizations，Among them are the influence of previous civilizations on later generations in the same region，There are also cross-regional influences from previous civilizations on later civilizations。Anyway，bet with bet365 interactions (including two-way and one-way) are mostly caused by various conditions、Spontaneous objective behavior。

Consciously learning and borrowing from other civilizations out of subjective desire，That is exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations，This is an initiative、Interaction with higher awareness。This mutual learning must be based on understanding the strengths of others，Or it may be based on understanding the shortcomings and lessons of others。Exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations have historically manifested themselves as one-way learning from earlier civilizations by later civilizations、Absorption and reference (such as modern European bet with bet365 absorbing elements of Western classical bet with bet365、Arab-Islamic bet with bet365 absorbed many elements of ancient Middle Eastern bet with bet365)，It can also be expressed as the one-way learning and absorption of one side of the synchronic bet with bet365 from the other (such as the learning and absorption of Chinese bet with bet365 by medieval Japan)，It can also be expressed as two or more parties in a simultaneous bet with bet365 learning from each other's strengths。Interaction and mutual learning among civilizations constitute the fundamental aspect of the relationship between major civilizations in the world，Become a bet with bet365 and make continuous progress、The strong driving force for the continuous development of world history。

Emphasis on civilized interaction、Mutual learning，It is not about completely integrating different civilizations into one，It is about the efforts of various civilizations to condense into some kind of community (such as a community of destiny) in an ever-expanding degree and increasingly deeper integration，Be able to "harmony without difference" and "seek common ground while reserving differences" for a long period of time。Every bet with bet365 respects other civilizations，Tolerant of others，Do not aim to change the other party。Let world civilizations truly integrate into one，Only by gathering the outstanding characteristics of each bet with bet365，And gradually erode the differences between civilizations over time。The so-called creation of a new form of human bet with bet365，It is to create a high-level bet with bet365 that can combine the excellent characteristics of various civilizations to produce composite effects and stimulate new factors。

　Major civilizations in the world that should be studied in depth

Human beings entered the era of bet with bet365 nearly 6,000 years ago，Dozens of important civilizations have appeared。Currently worth focusing on research，There are roughly two categories。

One type still exists today、bet with bet365 that has a wide impact on the modern world。The main civilizations that can be focused on at present are: (1) European bet with bet365，Or Western bet with bet365。Greed and formed in the 5th to 16th centuries，18、The first to emerge as a modern society in the 19th century，Gradually gained dominance over the world during the external colonial expansion from the 16th to the 19th centuries。20th century，The internal competition is fierce，Europe weakened by war。Rapid recovery after the war，Still boasting its advantages in material life and spiritual values。(2) American bet with bet365，It is the transplantation of European bet with bet365 by white European colonists and immigrants，And localize as needed，Differences from European bet with bet365，Formation and development in the 18th and 19th centuries，Currently in a strong position in the world。(3) Latin American bet with bet365，It is another sub-bet with bet365 derived from Western bet with bet365，With the imprint of the mother bet with bet365, the Iberian bet with bet365，And there are certain traces of Indian bet with bet365，It takes a completely different development path from American bet with bet365, which is also a descendant of European bet with bet365。(4) Russian bet with bet365，Formed between the 9th and 16th centuries，17、Westernization reforms were carried out in the 18th century，Expanded into the largest country in the 19th century，Developed into a superpower in the 20th century，Still a force that cannot be underestimated in the world today。(5) Arab-Islamic bet with bet365，Originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century，Expanded into a very large empire in the 8th and 9th centuries，Absorb many ancient bet with bet365 factors。Although the empire was disintegrated，But Islam, the spiritual pillar of bet with bet365, spreads in many directions，Formed the vast Islamic world。(6) Indian bet with bet365，One of the oldest civilizations in the Asian continent，The Aryans began to become the mainstay of Indian bet with bet365 in the 15th century BC，Foreign ethnic groups and foreign religions continue to enter the subcontinent，bet with bet365 develops intermittently，But Aryans are the main ethnic group、Brahmanism-Hinduism as spiritual pillar，Continuing to this day。(7)Chinese bet with bet365，One of the oldest civilizations in Asia，The only bet with bet365 with uninterrupted development for more than 5,000 years，Once the most powerful country and the most prosperous bet with bet365 in the world，Condensed many fine cultures，And spreading and spreading influence to the surrounding areas。Rejuvenated in the second half of the 20th century，Towards a revival in the 21st century。(8) Japanese bet with bet365，Although it is classified into the Confucian cultural circle，But it can also be regarded as an independent bet with bet365。Japan is good at imitating others，Studying Chinese Culture in the 7th Century，Studying the Netherlands in Early Modern Times，Studying the West during the Meiji Restoration in the 19th century，After World War II, a large number of foreign technologies were introduced。

The other type has existed in history、Civilizations that have played a major role or have far-reaching influence on the development of world history。This impact is global，There are also some aspects。Studying it will help restore the historical appearance，Revealing the laws of bet with bet365 development，It may bring some inspiration and reference for today。For example: (1) Nomadic bet with bet365。The opposition between the northern end of the Eurasian continent and the farming bet with bet365 in the southern end，Has launched many impacts on the farming world over a period of 3000 years，Often changing the pattern of world bet with bet365。(2) Ancient Middle Eastern bet with bet365。The earliest bet with bet365 group in the world，Including ancient Egyptian bet with bet365、Ancient Mesopotamian bet with bet365、Hittite bet with bet365、Jewish bet with bet365、Phoenician bet with bet365、Syrian bet with bet365、Persian bet with bet365, etc.。They have accumulated historical nutrients for later civilizations。(3) Western classical bet with bet365，Including ancient Greek bet with bet365 and ancient Roman bet with bet365。Has a significant influence on the birth of Western bet with bet365 after the 5th century，The Roman factor is one of the three major sources of Western bet with bet365 (the other two factors are the Germanic factor and the Christian factor)，Rome strongly respected and learned from Greek culture，Western classical bet with bet365 also had more interactions with contemporary Middle Eastern bet with bet365。(4) Medieval Byzantine bet with bet365，Contemporary Western European bet with bet365、Russian bet with bet365、Arab-Islamic civilizations have more interactions，It is also the "golden bridge" connecting Eastern and Western civilizations (in Marx's words)。(5) Modern Ottoman bet with bet365。16、Heyday in the 17th century，Long-term confrontation with Western bet with bet365、Game，Once a barrier to the eastward expansion of Western power，In the end, he was involved in a group fight in the Western world，Collapsed after World War I。

　　Paths of research on comparison, interaction and mutual learning among civilizations

Compare civilizations，The purpose is to understand the similarities between civilizations、Differences and their impact，Deepen our understanding of the common laws and unique paths of bet with bet365 development。The two or more parties being compared should be comparable，Don’t go too far across time and space。Can carry out macro-overall comparison，Like the most typical in the world、The most representative、The most contrasting Eastern Chinese bet with bet365 and Western European bet with bet365，The origin models of these two civilizations、Development path、Core Value、Spiritual Support、Thinking Pattern、Behavior、Comprehensive comparison of development outcomes, etc.。Another example is Chinese bet with bet365 and Indian bet with bet365，Both are ancient Eastern civilizations，But it has developed into two completely different bet with bet365 models，Worth multi-dimensional comparison。Another example is the comparison of the similarities and differences between the child bet with bet365 and the mother bet with bet365，Such as the comparison between American bet with bet365 and European bet with bet365；Or comparison of sub-civilizations derived from the same maternal line，For example, American bet with bet365 and Latin American bet with bet365 both originated from European bet with bet365，And the origin conditions are similar (colonization)，But the subsequent development path and extent were completely different。Microscopic thematic comparisons can also be made，That is, comparing a certain aspect of bet with bet365，For example, the comparison of the concept of community in Chinese history and Western Europe；Feudal China and Western European Peasants、Comparison of agriculture and rural issues；Comparison between China and Western European cities in the feudal era；Comparison of different cultural spirits between China and the West, etc.。

Synchronic bet with bet365 interaction has strong objectivity，Must analyze the conditions for interaction to exist、Form (peaceful or violent)，Assess the degree and status of interaction (direct or indirect、Normal or intermittent)、Results and influences (are mutually reinforcing、Competing with each other，Is it an asymmetric interaction in which the strong party suppresses or destroys or even annexes the weak party), etc.。There are many famous interactive phenomena in the history of world bet with bet365，Such as the impact of nomads on agricultural bet with bet365；The impact of Hellenism on ancient civilizations in the Middle East；Confrontation and war between the Arab world and Europe；The spread and penetration of Byzantine Orthodox culture into Eastern Europe；Ancient transportation between China and the West、Interaction、Exchange History，For example, Silk Road；Western conquest of American Indian bet with bet365；The penetration of the Western world into the Eastern world in modern times、Impact and Eastern reaction, etc.。The impact of prior civilizations on later civilizations，It is a one-way interaction。Have the same geographical context，Such as the influence of Roman bet with bet365 on European bet with bet365，The influence of ancient Middle Eastern civilizations on Arab-Islamic bet with bet365；There are also interactions across time and space，Such as the spread of Indian bet with bet365 to Southeast Asia, etc.。Several counterexamples are also worthy of in-depth study，i.e. asymmetric forced interaction。One situation is a violent conflict such as war between the two parties，It has caused great damage to the economy and society of both parties to the conflict。Another situation is when a strong bet with bet365 overwhelmingly defeats or even conquers a weak party，The weak party will completely decline or even perish。If there is a lack of interaction between civilizations，It will also cause adverse effects。Such as the American bet with bet365 in the Middle Ages、African civilizations have no interaction with Asian and European civilizations，Between the three major American Indian civilizations、There is also a lack of interaction among African civilizations。One of the negative consequences of lack of interaction is the inability to learn from each other、Mutual promotion；The second negative consequence is lack of competition、Unable to get up。

bet with bet365 exchanges and mutual learning have greater initiative，The effects and influences are mostly positive。The mutual learning behavior is caused by spiritual cognition，The content of mutual learning is mostly at the material level and the institutional level，Such as learning other people’s material production techniques，Or advanced systems and management methods, etc.。Mutual learning is mostly synchronic bet with bet365 learning from each other、Absorb beneficial nutrients from each other、Learn from each other’s experiences and lessons，Of course there is a difference between active and passive。There is also one-way learning from later civilizations on prior civilizations (including external civilizations)，Absorb the positive、Positive elements。The more successful mutual learning among civilizations in world history includes: Western Europe in the Middle Ages advocated Roman law and other classical cultures，Learn Byzantine Culture，Introduction of Arab culture and technology；7th century，Japan sends envoy to Sui Dynasty、Send envoy to Tang Dynasty，Learn Chinese culture and system，Carry out Dahua renovation；19th century，Japan’s Meiji Restoration Mission inspected the West to learn from the strengths of each country、Leave Asia and join Europe；17th century，Peter I studied the reforms of Western Europe, etc.；China studied the Russian October Revolution in the 20th century，Adopt Marxism as the guiding ideology、Start up the socialist movement；Türkiye’s 20th Century Kemal Europeanization Reform。There are also some counterexamples that can provide lessons。such as 18th-19th century，Three Muslim Empires (Ottoman、Persia、Mughal) Reform was unsuccessful；Late 19th century，China first carried out the Westernization Movement to imitate Western artifact bet with bet365，Although there was the Reform Movement of 1898 later, it did not touch the agricultural economy and the feudal system，Therefore it is difficult to escape the fate of semi-colonial and semi-feudal。There are also negative lessons from setting wrong examples，For example, Japan’s Meiji Restoration imitated the monarchy and military system of the Second German Empire，The result is to embark on the road of military feudal imperialism。

Comparison of Civilizations、Interaction and mutual learning，Aims to further promote academic innovation in the history of world bet with bet365。Early bet with bet365 histories mostly examined civilizations one by one，Emphasize the own reasons for the rise and fall of bet with bet365、Law of self-evolution。Comparison between civilizations、Research on interaction and mutual learning，The historical inevitability of world bet with bet365 moving towards a new high-level form can be revealed by grasping the horizontal interaction and mutual learning trends among civilizations。Compare civilizations、Research on interaction and mutual learning，It can change the inward perspective in the history of world bet with bet365、Vertical narrative system，Place each bet with bet365 within the grand framework of the human world，Explore the horizontal connections between civilizations。So，Only can we establish a new disciplinary system of world bet with bet365 history that is intertwined in vertical and horizontal directions、Academic system and discourse system，Revealed、Absorb、Gathering and integrating the positive factors of various civilizations，Make the content of new forms of bet with bet365 more diverse、Inclusiveness、Openness，And deeply understand the commonality and commonality of human bet with bet365，Building a solid foundation for understanding a community with a shared future for mankind。

　　(This article is a major project of the National Social Science Fund "Comparison between major civilizations in world history、Research on interaction and mutual learning” (22&ZD249) phased results)

(The author is a professor at the Institute of European bet with bet365, Tianjin Normal University、President of the Chinese World Ancient Medieval History Research Association)