The classic problem of online literature is a hot topic in the current online literature research。Not only many online literary critics from the mechanism、Aesthetic and other angles to explain whether online literature can become classic，Many pure literary writers and online literary writers have also expressed their opinions。Critics who hold a negative attitude insist on art and technology、Confrontation of literary aesthetics and business logic。Among critics with a positive attitude，Some scholars hope to "improve" in online literature itself，Looking forward to it can adapt to literary rules，Raise the idea or pay attention to aesthetics; another scholar should focus on the classic mechanism and standards of Chen Wenxue.、Popularization。For this question，Even online literary writers themselves，Attitude is not consistent，Some writers have clearly expressed the expectations of entering the classic series of the work through the "evaluation" mechanism，Some writers are self -proclaimed with "scholars"，Carefully open your work with the classic differences between elite。

And for the past year，Disputes on classic online literature issues are even more intense，The focus of the dispute has shifted。2021，Li Yangquan attracted the attention of all parties based on the thesis of "Classicization of Network Literature is a pseudo -proposition".。Different from many commentators who degrade online literature with pure literature standards，Li Yangquan's refutation of the road of "classic network literature"，It is to maintain the "heterogeneity" of online literature as the "incident" of new media culture。He believes that online literature is different from the previous "static" printing works，Have dynamic、Interactivity features，"Classic" for printing works，is exquisite and solidified。Li Yangquan believes the classicization of online literature. "It means the dynamic of online literature、Breaking the framework、The art of ‘work science’，Re -entered the museum again，Re -become a ‘work’ and ‘object’ ”。This year Wang Yuzheng published a paper with Li Yang's discussion，She further developed Shao Yanjun's point of view，Pay attention to "Classical as a condensed social discussion、Mechanism to improve social consensus Bet365 lotto review "，Based on the subject and standards such as reflection and changes in the classic process，Acknowledge the classic nature of online literature，It is believed that it can contribute to more democratic literature。can be seen，Disputes on the classic problem of online literature，It is not focused on pure literature standards and online literature，On the premise of maintaining the "heterogeneity" of online literature，How to reflect on "Literature" and reset the "Literary Classic" question。Li Wen and Wang Wen apparently oppose "cutting foot performance"，But the former advocates "not wear shoes"，The latter "advocates re -shoes"。

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The conversion of the classic controversial focus of online literature，Behind it is the booming development of online literature and the quiet improvement of "status"。Internet literature enjoys huge authors and readers，Covering the entire industry chain of the cultural industry，Many online literature IP conversion products are widely spread in domestic and foreign markets，"Netwen to the sea" has become the main form of Chinese culture's external output。It can be said，At the market level，The influence of online literature continues to expand。At the same time，Internet literature has been recognized by more and more cultural awards and cultural activities。Except the government、Commercial institutions、All universities have opened online literature evaluation awards、Evaluation List，Online literature "out of the circle" award、Enter the list also become the norm。In recent years，Many online science fiction works won the "Galaxy Award" and "Nebula Award"，A number of online literature works selected into the Blancpain ideal Chinese Literature Award，16 online literature works selected for the Great Ying Library Collection。Under this trend，Disputes on classic online literature，Gradually whether online literature has the possibility of entering the "Classic Hall of Literature"，transforming into online literature, do you want to keep its unique quality，or how the connotation of "classic" is changed by online literature。

anxiety about classic online literature，Although it is the key question of the value of online literature value，But obviously this is not just a question of online literature。Whether to incorporate the "heterogeneity" online literature into the category of literary classics，It is related to the identification of the entire "literature" bet365 live casino games system and value standard。Of course，There are also differences in theoretical thinking about "whether you need classic" and "what is classic"。Now，About Literature Classic，There are two views: "essential theory" and "construction theory"。"Essential theory" emphasizes the "classic nature" inside the work，The characteristics of the work itself determine its classic status。such as Harold Bloom, think，Aesthetic autonomy and originality based on this，Translated as "heterogeneity") determines the generation of classic works。"Construction Theory" believes that the choice of external social functions determines the classic sequence，In the classic process, accompanied by power contest。If Iglton believes the so -called "literary classics" and "have to be considered a structure formed by a specific person for a certain reason for a certain reason"。"Essential theory" in China in the 1990s played a strong historical function，still affects today。But with the academic world's reflection on discourse such as "pure literature"，The power and social functions behind "classic" are gradually valued。

The historical process of "classic" lets us see，From "Border City" to "Little Er Hei Marriage"，The deconstruction and defense cycle of "classic"，It corresponds to Bowman's explanation of modern society，Changes and uncertainty have become the main traits of modern society，Bowman calls "the modernity of flow"。As Reversed by Raymond Williams，If the word "consensus" just proves the existence of differences，The word "classic" is based on its "eternal" and "static" appearance，Covering its instability and vulnerability。The term "classic" always exists in the center and edge，While forming a value agglomeration effect，Also summoning a new rebellion。"Classic" is often flowing，Even if individual works stay for a long time，Add to the new work，It will also change the context and function of the work。The emergence of each emerging literature will cause classic anxiety。During the development and development of modern and contemporary literature in China，Whether Chinese modern literature is classic is a problem that has always been controversial。After the literary revolution,，New literature not only opened the classic process of its own controversy，It also brings a reset to the classic status of ancient literary writers' works。It is precisely the reason for the liquidity of "classic" to become "classic" continues to Bet365 app download exist，that is, it fully affirms a certain value，It also indicates that this value is destined to be surpassed and rewritten。Even the representative of the "essential theory" Bloom also believes that "heterogeneity" is one of the characteristics of the "classic" sequence。

Network literature with "heterogeneity" as the edge of "literary classics"，The anxiety and tension it triggered for granted。When anxiety and tension occur，The "classic" process of online literature has already occurred，That is to say，Internet literature has entered the "classic" force field，It participates in and changes the structure around "classic"。Whether it is degraded，It is still affirmed; whether it is refusing to classic，Still cater to classic，Online literature is participating in the classic nature of flowing in different ways。From the initial resistance、Revelation，To the gentle persuasion、Looking forward to，or insistence on "heterogeneity"、Reform of "Classic"，It just confirms the influence of online literature on the "classic" structure。It just confirms the influence of online literature on the "classic" structure，So the classic online literature problem should be focused on: what kind of network literature do we need to become classic。Before answering this question，The special need to pay attention is，"Network Literature" collectively refers to，Hold the diversity and complexity of online literature。Diversion of different online literature，It will inevitably bring different classic processes of network literature。

　　Classical path of online literature

Since 2003，The commercialization of online literature has contributed to the type of online literature to become the "main tide" of the development of online literature，so that for a long time，Online literature is equivalent to type text。During the development of type text，The "Tradition" of the type text itself is invented，"Types" can be established。As Shao Yanjun described，Types have created their own "type classic"。If the classicization of the type text is promoted，It will inevitably promote the harmony of utilitarian and super utilitarianity，Disadboning business、Types, etc. It is considered to be the value of the element of "impurities"，Re -adjust the relationship between elites and the public in the classic process，"Only in recognition of type novels can also be literary、Under the basis of originality and serious thought，We can discuss the ‘classic” of network type novels。bet365 Play online games When discussing the relevant definition，Both refer to ‘common literature’ and “paper literature’ and other media forms such as ‘classic”，such as examples、transcendence、Inheritance and originality，It is necessary to fully take into account the characteristics of 'networkness' and 'types' characteristics "(Shao Yanjun's" "Internet Literature" and "Classic" ")。

But online literature is not only one type of text。Even the commercial platform has many transcendence routines、experimental text outside the type。For example，"Lin Gao Qiming" serialized on the starting point in 2009，About 200 netizens participated in the writing of this work，Netizens supplement the world view based on their profession，perfect details，Promoting plot，Make this work interactivity、Open narrative text characterized by participation。From yes，This text changes the initial type of type of text，Do not pursue the integrity of the plot，It is not for the purpose of satisfying readers' expectations，Instead, it is characterized by group writing。"Lin Gao Qiming" is exactly what Li Yangquan said "online literature is a kind of open narrative that will never end"。and this kind of text，and closed、Static text system forms a huge difference。"Lin Gao Qiming" is not an example，The script kill that has a great connection with online literature，Also surpass the static text system，Complete the narrative through the interaction and selection of the participants。This kind of work is greater with the "heterogeneity" of the existing literary classic system，can be imagined，Their classicization needs to be changed to "literature" centered on the condition of simple text system。

Now，There are also "purified network literature" that moves closer to pure literature in online literature，They are the closest to the classic of pure literature。Internet literature serialized on the platform of "Douban Reading" is "more literature"。Readers facing the higher cultural level of Douban，The works on the platform are not only "life towards" with the subject matter、Emotional delicate、"Daily" texture is characterized by the characteristics，And the depth of portrayal depth of human nature and the use of multiple literary skills are also very close to the pure literature of paper media。The writing of the author of Douban reading shows a multi -perspective、Multi -clue narrative，Lu Chunwu clearly expresses Lao She、Mo Yan's influence on its creation。The Internet Bet365 lotto review literature creation of realistic themes is also with fantasy、Different types of romance and other types of creation，Writing the era in the subject matter，Deep Living，presents the feature close to "pure literature"。For example，Agen’s "Go to the East" of Dajiang is in a state -owned economy、collective economy、The three protagonists in the individual economy are very different in their lives.，Multiple clues of the history of weaving reform and opening up，"Flower Flower Season" writes through the family's grievances and vengeance to write in the 1990s。This way of writing and the "Times" prevailed in online literature，All outside the routine，Many resources of pure literature with a realistic tendency。At the same time，When the influence of the media and cross -media is widely permeated，The writing method of pure literary writers is also changing。"Story" and "Types Elements" and so on began to appear in young authors，or even the top author's pen。Cross -border writing begins to appear，The trend of "combined" is happening。This may be the third path of online literature。

After 2018，Internet literature begins to appear new development characteristics，More and more online literature presents the characteristics of new experience unique to the context of digital civilization。Linear physical space -time is broken，The real world and the virtual world are opened。"Crossing" daydream settings，Converted to a parallel universe and time and space cycle setting。Virtual landscape、Cyber ​​society is no longer a "game" that is different from "real world"，Become the "World" itself。In this setting，Human and "non -human" become a community。A large number of later humans set in online literature，"Zerg", "Big Snake", "Meow Star", "Cyber", "Virtual Human", "Artificial Intelligence" becomes the main body of online literature。There are also works such as "The Tenth Year of the Last" and "Tree Dianes" and other works created people and animals、Plants、Virus、fungi, etc. in the body、Fusion in the field of view and action，Breaking the separation of people and "non -human"。This setting of breaking people from "non -human"，Even the mainstream setting of the female frequency network。This is manifested in the worldview，It is the convergence of species、Equality of sentient beings becomes the basic values ​​of many webwen and Yuan universe，Describe the name of a work serialized on the Jinjiang Literature bet365 live casino games City to describe，is "Repairing the Realm of Species Disclosure"。This value reversed the routine of the type text，Discuss the popular "protagonist halo"，Breaking the jungle logic of "The King of the King"，"Mutual Literature" on the rhetoric，The characteristics of "carnival" in the meaning of poetic。This type of network literature with new representation in the context of digital civilization can also add new quality to Chinese literature classics。

Online literature has not yet completed it，Instead，It is better to say that it is a "literature" in the sense of "generation"。It has a variety of possibilities for its development，It continuously redefines itself through a variety of innovation。Classic Questions of Network Literature，What kind of online literature need to be specifically turned into，What kind of network literature can and how classic questions are possible。Of course，Maybe this diversified development、Constant "generating nature" itself can make online literature as a whole as a "classic" in the history of Chinese literature。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Arts of Nanjing Normal University、Executive Deputy Director of Yangtze River Network Literature Review Center)