Compared with the questionnaire survey，In -depth interviews are often regarded as an easy learning、Simple operation method。Modified knows，Do a good job of questionnaires requires trainees to master probability theory and social statistical knowledge，Learn various statistical software through the operation of the machine，Then conduct detailed statistical analysis of the survey data; in -depth interviews require beginners to closely collect the information around the subject of research themes，Analysis of the facts by analyzing the text and refining the theory。At first glance,，In -depth interviews seem to be much easier than questionnaires，But I do n’t know that this is a great misunderstanding of in -depth interviews。

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Complete a high -quality in -depth interview，In addition to following the investigation process、Tightening research topics and improving interview skills，Also pay attention to the relationship between the relationship formed by the researcher and the respondent, the power structure may have a substantial impact on the entire interview process，Interpersonal trust、The channels of discourse and acquaintances are particularly important。

Take interpersonal trust as an example，Textbooks have long told us that interpersonal trust is the key to improving the quality of interviews，But the reality is that we cannot effectively identify each other's trust。Of course，Some researchers will improve their sense of trust through active self -introduction and intermediate introductions。bet365 live casino games In other words，Researchers should maintain sufficient sensitivity to trust and think about whether it affects the process of interviews。Except interpersonal trust，Due to education level、Different speech generated by occupation will also intervene in interviews。Facing some social sensitivity topics，The respondent may worry about their answers to violate the concept of mainstream value and change the wording or modify content。other，Different knowledge of the two sides will also affect the interview。Generally speaking，Researchers will understand the respondent with the help of an introduction letter from the organization or acquaintances，Two ways to affect the impact on the interview process are different。Take the introduction letter as an example，If the topic that researchers care about are related to government policy，It is unknown whether the respondent will be associated; take the introduction of acquaintance as an example，If the topic asked by the researcher involves the privacy of the introducer，Whether the respondent will tell the truth is also unknown。

Researchers When doing an interview survey，If you don’t realize the above three factors，At least it means that you assume that they do not work; if you realize these factors，But forcibly determine that they do not work，This assumption can be taken seriously。In fact，The more proper approach is to include these factors into the interview process first，Earnestly think about whether their impact on the interview process is positive or negative，Is it positive or negative。Brief words，We want to re -examine these factors that existed in the past。

　　Musching the firewood by mistake: Re -examine the noise in the interview

In a deep interview，Another type of factors is to bet365 live casino games be rejected by researchers as interviews。Different from the above factors，This kind of factors are always in the field of vision of researchers，Slightly different from existing views，Some factors we think that interference interviews will become catalysts that promote the smooth progress of the interview。

Many method textbooks put deep interviews in a high position。The interview is not a chat，The infinite chat will not only waste the precious time of the researcher，And it will hinder collecting more accurate and comprehensive information。The question is that this scientific interview is true.、Objective，But at the price of sacrificing the authenticity of interpersonal interaction。The practice of this kind of splitting not only strengthens the difference between the right to speak，and weakened the initiative of the respondent to tell the facts。We also have similar experiences，It is easier to tell real thoughts in chatting with friends。If a researcher is in danger, ask you about the topic，If you add it on a formal occasion，This survey effect can be imagined。We want to break the division of the main and guests during the interview，Go to a kind of information sharing、Interview with emotional communication。In this communication，There is no status or boundary sense of both parties，This kind of interview after no interview is not a burden on both parties but talks with each other，What else is more reliable than the information provided by your friends? on the contrary，Scientific interviews will strengthen each other's differences in invisible，The guise of collecting accurate information actually lost a lot of more substantial content。The dialectics of the interview is the best interview but there is no interview。

In the interview survey，bet365 best casino games The content of the respondent is not related to the research theme，This information is often regarded as a noise by researchers。Textbooks introduce a lot of research skills for this，When the subject is deviated from the topic, you have to pull him back cleverly without letting the other party embarrassed。These seemingly useless information may not be noise，From the two levels, we look at: First，Some of the unrelated information revealed by the other party may seem useless，But may have indirect help for you to know a certain theme，It's just that when you first heard it, you don't know how the purpose is; second，This useless information implies that he wants to build a new trust relationship with you，At this time, we must cherish this detail，Ignoring or even interruption will miss the opportunity to build a good relationship。What needs to be explained is，The view that the respondent deviates from the research theme is actually a concept of seeing the respondent as a data carrier，This is not desirable。The first essential of an interview investigation is to treat the respondent as a complete、People with a capital，Only equal communication、Trends sincerely，The other party will tell you the truth with you、To tell the truth，We must not consider the respondent as a carrier for providing information。

The interview is not just an interview，The interview object we face is a living、Person with blood and people instead of a extractor of an empirical information，Researchers can only collect more comprehensive on the basis of fully understanding each other's life、More detailed and deeper information。Brief words，The above -mentioned factors that seem to interfere with interference will help strengthen the interpersonal trust of both parties，bet365 live casino games The final promotion of the interview is successfully carried out。

　　One is divided into two interviews: I see people see me

Researchers want to identify the relevant factors in the interview，It is necessary to always alert the differences between the role difference between the characters on both sides on the interview process，To consciously bring yourself、The process of interaction between the respondent and the two parties give objectization，The process of collecting analysis materials by reflecting on reflecting。

One，Researchers must learn to give objectiveization to the interaction process of themselves and the respondent，Try to examine the various social characteristics of both parties with an outsider (gender、Age、Education and occupation, etc.) Whether it will affect the authenticity of the interviewer's speech。We must first realize that there may be these impacts，Then consider how to reduce the adverse effects of external factors on the interview process。

Its two，Researchers should reflect on the sensitivity of the interview outline will affect the authenticity of the respondent's answer。The acquaintance channel between the two parties is an important consideration，Some topics become sensitive because of the intermediate people。For example, the official courier Xiaxiang research，The respondent either avoids or does not talk about either exaggerated narrative on some interview topics。Due to the sensitivity of the topic involves the relationship structure behind the two parties，Researchers' doubts about the content of the interviewees maintain goodwill。

Its three，Researchers should build a relationship with an equal communication with the respondent in a short period of time。The differences between the education level and occupational differences between the two parties Bet365 app download will indeed shape an asymmetrical relationship and pattern in virtue，At this time, researchers must consciously abandon the superiority of intellectual elites，Really understand what the parties think about with an equal attitude。Equal communication is not only about the true feelings of the respondent，and respecting each other、Accepting and recognition。

In -depth interview seems simple，It is really not easy to do well。The previous interview survey inadvertently wiped out the different effects of the character characteristics and relational power structure of the two parties on the interview，This is a kind of survey that is ideal but is a loophole。In -depth interview is the result of the interaction between the researcher and the respondent，Discuss the power relationship structure of both parties to remind us that we must pay attention to all kinds of social factors outside the interview process，These factors will affect whether the information you collect is reliable。Through this discussion，We not only excavated the potential of in -depth interviews，And examined the unique advantage of being regarded as negative factors in the past。High -level interviews, of course, the researchers need to have rich knowledge reserves、Rich personal experience and the ability to empathize with the respondent，But conscious reflection on the interview process is also essential。Researchers except "Listen to the words"，It also needs to have the relationship between the relationship between the two parties、Maintenance channels and interpersonal trust remain alert，In -depth interviews that are truly moving towards methods。

　(This article is the 2019 Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Fund Project "In the Background of Rural Revitalization, the Research Innovation Research on the Expressing the Countryside Service Model" (19yjc840062)

(Author Unit: School of Social College of Wuhan University)