Since the founding of New China，my country's social governance has undergone multiple dimensions of changes。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，The social governance of the new era emphasizes "governance" and has continuously achieved outstanding achievements。The course of social governance changes reflects the need for my country to meet the needs of economic and social development and change，Continuously deepen and improve social governance，Exploring the road of social governance with Chinese characteristics。

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1949 to 1956，During the transition period of "new democracy" to "socialism"，my country's social governance is compatible with the construction of state power，By transforming grass -roots society、Mobilizing the Political Movement to promote the social governance of New China。

First, transform grass -roots society。The focus of the reconstruction of urban areas is the grassroots beyond the "unit"，It is necessary to integrate the "social person" living outside the "unit" into the management system。For this，The party and the government abolished the original armor system，Pass the resident committee at the city at the grassroots level、The two -level organization of the street office effectively manages the social personnel without units。Because the proportion of "social people" is higher than the "unit person"，The characteristics of this period are based on street living system，Unit system supplemented。In rural areas，Reform grass -roots society is to guide farmers to take the road of cooperation。until the end of 1956，96.3%of the nation's farmers joined the cooperative。This means that the socialist transformation of the means of production is basically completed in the vast rural areas of my country。 Second, the mass political movement stable social order。In bet365 best casino games an intricate social environment，Critication of landlords through the country、Political movements such as anti -drug ban gambling and banned，Improve the political awareness of the masses in a revolutionary way，The policy policy of the social governance of the party and the government quickly implemented it to the grassroots society。Take a comprehensive，Although there are twists and turns，But during this period, the revolutionary transformation of the grass -roots social structure and ecology in my country，Reshape the status of grass -roots social governance。

　　"National -Unit -Personal" structure Implement social governance

1957 to 1978，my country's social governance has planned management characteristics，It can be generally summarized as a "management control" social governance，Highlighting in the People's Commune、Street living system、Unit、Household registration management and other aspects。

First, the people's commune of rural areas。This period，The People's Commune System exists in rural areas in my country，Its prominent feature is "one major and two public"，Farmers' production lives in the middle，In essence, the "unit" management of rural areas，Farmers become "members"。Second is the street living system in urban areas。This period，Street dwelling system has been briefly affected by the test of the urban people's commune，But the overall street dwelling system has exerted the due function of managing "social people"，It guarantees the stability of grassroots society。Third, the units system of extensive and in -depth。The unit system is closely combined with my country's administrative management system，Social governance is specific through the chain of "National -Unit -Personal" to achieve effective vertical depth。The unit is both an organization and a governance unit，The work and living space of the unit members are relatively stable and closed，Its life trajectory and development greatly depend on unit，The flow between the unit needs to be mobilized by the organization。Fourth is the house registration Bet365 lotto review system that is gradually tightened。In industrialization、Planning economy and other backgrounds，The household registration system distinguishes non -agricultural hukou and agricultural hukou，The conversion between the hukou is facing many restrictions。Through household registration，Social governance's management of "people" to a certain extent converted into the management of "hukou"。Overall，1957-1978，The city is still coexisting in the unit system and street dwelling system，The "People's Commune" system is fully implemented in rural areas，Gradually tightened household registration system limits the flow of urban and rural population。

　　Grassroots mass autonomy system is continuously improved

Since the reform and opening up in 1978，With the focus of the party and the country's work focus to economic construction，Social governance began to relax all kinds of "control"，Constantly exploring effective management of society in the reform。

The first is the reform of the grassroots social management system。In the countryside，The People's Commune System End in 1984，The vast number of rural areas use township (town) as a rural grassroots regime。In the township (town) below，Villagers' Committee、Villagers' groups are widely established。In many years of experiment and exploration，In order to give full play to the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in rural governance，"Organization Law of the Villagers Committee of the People's Republic of China" (November 1998) further guarantees the "democratic election、Democratic Decision、Democratic Management、Democratic Supervision "is the main content of the villagers' autonomy system。In cities，1980 Resident Committee、The functions and institutional recovery of the street office。The Ministry of Civil Affairs introduced the concept of "community" for the first time in 1986 and advocated to carry out community services in the city。"Opinions on Promoting Urban Community Construction in the country" (November 2000) marks bet365 best casino games that the community construction has become an important starting point for the reform of the city's grass -roots management system and consolidating the grassroots regime。The second is the reform of the household registration system。"Notice on Farmers' Entering the Town and Settles" (October 1984) means that the door to the flow of urban and rural population is opened in the sense of household registration。Since 1985，The country has continuously introduced the temporary residence population、"Blue Print House"、Various policies such as small town household registration，Guide population flowing between urban and rural areas, and the rural population transfer to the city。With household registration reform，Public Service、Social governance issues such as migrant workers have attracted widespread attention。Third, social security and stability。Stable social environment is an important guarantee for reform and opening up，Social security is also the focus point of social governance during this period。Social governance issues such as migrant workers have attracted widespread attention。Established the Central Social Security Comprehensive Management Committee in March 1991。September 2004 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Party proposed "combination of defense、Prevention、Combination of special groups、Comprehensive management mechanism of social security governance by relying on the masses。Overall，1978，Construction of urban and rural communities continuously advance，Ju (Village) people's autonomy is constantly standardized，The reform of the household registration system has continuously released "dividends"，Stability of the overall social situation。

　　Social governance strives to prevent and resolve major risks

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012，Social governance with "governance" as the requirements and characteristics is increasingly displayed in various construction undertakings，The concept and key content of social governance in the new bet365 Play online games era are becoming increasingly clear，Possessing the rule of the system。

First，The concept of social governance innovation。In 2012, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the "20 -character policy" of social management，"Party Committee Leaders、The government is responsible for、Social Cooperation、Public participation、Rule of Law Guarantee "。Compared with the previous "16 -character policy", the "rule of law guarantee"。This indicates that it is necessary to emphasize governance according to law，Deepen the reform of social governance with the spirit of the rule of law。Since then，The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Party first transformed "social management" into "social governance"。Although the term "governance" has been discussed in the academic world for many years，But the first time it was used in the important document of the party is still the first time，This shows that it is a modern society that adapts to rapid changes，Traditional government -led management needs to be shifted to diversified integration governance。On the goal of social governance，October 2017 The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China highlights "co -construction, co -governance sharing"。The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee of the Party in October 2019 clearly proposed to adhere to and improve the social governance system，Incorporate "democratic consultation" and "scientific and technological support" into the requirements of the social governance system，Form a new "28 -character policy"，and use the vision of "community" to promote social governance。

Next，The development of social governance in the new era。The first is to clarify the policy orientation of community governance。"Notice on Further Development of Community Burids", "Opinions on Strengthening the Consultation of Urban and Rural Communities", "Opinions on Strengthening and Improve Urban and Rural Community Governance" and other community policy documents have clearly clarified the status and role of urban and rural bet365 best casino games communities in grassroots social governance in the grassroots level.，Point out the construction of urban and rural communities through multiple forces as a happy home。Second is to improve the government's social governance capabilities。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Grass -roots party committee and government combined with local characteristics，Explore a lot of innovation experience in the field of social governance。Such as breakthrough reforms such as "one thing in life" and "running one place" in Fuyang District, Hangzhou，Promote refined urban governance，Enhance the people's sense of gain、Happiness sensation、Safety A sense。Third is to strengthen public safety and contradiction resolution。As the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party, the "four modernizations" (three -dimensional、rule of law、Professional、Intelligent)、"Three Union" (Problem Lianzhi、Work linkage、Ping An Lianchuang)、"Three Sex" (Plateth、Coordination、Accuracy)，Adhere to and develop the new era "Maple Bridge Experience"。Fourth is to attach importance to the social governance of the Internet era。Combined with the Internet and Internet，Innovative "Internet+" government affairs such as "Electronic Government Hall" and "Run Most once" in all parts of the country。At the same time，Internet virtual society is not a place outside the law，In June 2017, the "People's Republic of China Network Security Law" conforms。Five is an important goal of security to become social governance。The proposal of "Overall National Safety Outlook"，Early pre -judgment of various risk points，It means that social governance needs to adhere to the bottom line thinking，Efforts to prevent and resolve major risks，Improve the national security system。Of course，During the practice process，The field of social governance will never be more than the above content，Safety production and supervision、Emergency Management、Frontier Governance, etc.，It has also continued to become a new issue for social governance。

bet365 best casino games Overall，The social governance system of "governance" in the new era is continuously established，The governance system is increasingly perfect，The governance ability continues to improve，"System" and "Governance" promote each other，Organic unity。Looking back at the change process since the founding of New China，Social governance continues to deepen reform in practice and continuously explores and improves，The road to social governance with Chinese characteristics is gradually taking shape。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Social Development Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)