When talking about the disciplinary concept of “sociology of knowledge”，We are actually discussing a reflective trend about "knowledge" itself。The sociology of knowledge is the use of sociological perspectives and methods to study the relationship between knowledge and society，Exploring the production of knowledge、A discipline that studies the bet365 kentucky bonus code roots of development and dissemination and the impact of knowledge on society，It is based on the bet365 kentucky bonus code role paradigm、bet365 kentucky bonus code Fact Paradigm、bet365 kentucky bonus code Knowledge Paradigm、Sociolinguistic paradigm is the theoretical starting point or perspective of observation。In fact，The sociology of knowledge issues have become part of bet365 kentucky bonus code theory，Enriching the field of sociology in many aspects。Limited to the understanding of the sociology of knowledge and the purpose of this article，We will only focus on the traditional structural functionalist sociology of knowledge from the perspective of the first two paradigms。

　　Reference frames are supported and controlled by bet365 kentucky bonus code structures

The concept of “norms” in sociology，Not only stipulates the behavior of the character，Also stipulates the status of roles and the relationship between roles。Every character，Both are associated with a specific reference frame。What impact does the reference system have on people？First, the concept of reference system is established；The second is to stipulate people’s reasoning methods；The third is to determine the method of testing truth in a certain discipline。The importance of the reference system is，It can communicate the objective bet365 kentucky bonus code structure with the subjective orientation of a specific role in it。It can be said，The reference system determines the orientation system of bet365 kentucky bonus code roles。So，On the one hand, the reference system is internalized into the human role，On the other hand, it is rooted in the bet365 kentucky bonus code structure，Supported and controlled by bet365 kentucky bonus code structures。For example，A person can think like a doctor，It means that he has internalized the bet365 kentucky bonus code role of a doctor，At the same time, his department、Hospitals and others helped maintain and maintain his frame of reference。Articles in medical journals he read，It is also a product of the editor’s evaluation based on the medical reference system。

The phenomenon of specialization is closely related to the application of bet365 kentucky bonus code，Because bet365 kentucky bonus code is mainly in different forms、Different reference systems appear。People with different professional backgrounds have established different meaning systems of life in modern society，For example, computer programmers (we often call them "IT people") are considered special by the outside world。But in fact，This is the external manifestation of their unique internal group norms。This is closely related to professional socialization。Professional socialization (part of advanced socialization)，Refers to the process of transforming ordinary people into professionals，People’s traditional emotions and thoughts will be broken by this process，Will live in a professional environment，Accept new heroic role models、Authority and self-identity。For example，Universities first enable students to learn new professional roles，Accept a new identity。Therefore，Law professors are wary of students taking sociology courses，Because the reference systems of sociology and law are different。

The socialization of professionalism leads to professional cooperation based on knowledge。The professional socialization process is mainly about learning a special frame of reference，Requires precise definition、Strict training。In this process，The profession’s frame of reference is formally and informally controlled，This is part of the use of knowledge。Of course，People often don’t realize how specialized this different spiritual world is，Always think that others look at problems in exactly the same way as you。But we cannot describe their frame of reference solely in subjective terms，Describe how they “enter into certain bet365 kentucky bonus code structures due to the specific circumstances they find themselves in every day”。In other words，Man’s bet365 kentucky bonus code existence (the bet365 kentucky bonus code conditions in which he lives)、The role played and bet365 kentucky bonus code relationships, etc.) determine a person’s consciousness。

　　bet365 kentucky bonus code reality and knowledge system mutually construct

There are three conceptual tools for sociology of knowledge to analyze bet365 kentucky bonus code reality。(1) Symbol。Symbol is an objective entity，It represents a certain meaning and concept，Like a "word"、Moral system。(2) bet365 kentucky bonus code culture。bet365 kentucky bonus code culture is the totality of all symbols in a society，And knowledge-related organizations and systems are only part of the entire bet365 kentucky bonus code structure。It is necessary for the sociology of knowledge to understand how they are produced and exist in the overall bet365 kentucky bonus code structure。(3)bet365 kentucky bonus code control。One of the concerns of the sociology of knowledge is which bet365 kentucky bonus code structures maintain and strengthen a certain specialized frame of reference，That is, how the profession is maintained。The profession mentioned here，Includes subjects in the academic field、Career Field、Organizational structure, etc.。These organizations have self-interest in maintaining their continued existence，Hope to get more benefits。Although this is not a bad phenomenon，But it is also difficult to prevent it from being dominated by external forces。Robert Merton believes，Science has become one of the most important bet365 kentucky bonus code institutions of our time，And similar to other bet365 kentucky bonus code systems，There is a unique set of historically formed bet365 kentucky bonus code norms - they constitute the "spiritual atmosphere" of science。The "reward system" that exists in the scientific community interacts with the "normative structure of the scientific community"，Thus affecting the development of science。And Pierre Bourdieu’s “field” perspective，More deeply reveals the bet365 kentucky bonus code mechanism and bet365 kentucky bonus code structure of "how external ideologies and other economic factors have eroded the autonomy of bet365 kentucky bonus code science through the research of bet365 kentucky bonus code scientists themselves"，And vividly pointed out that intellectuals constitute "the dominated group in the dominant class"。

bet365 kentucky bonus code system of knowledge (professional activities related to knowledge，Such as the storage of knowledge、Distribution and Application)，Especially for universities、The inspection of scientific research institutions is an inevitable extension of the sociology of knowledge。Universities have to deal with an ever-growing and changing body of knowledge，Institutions that should be flexible and non-traditional in nature，However, this is not the case，The reason is that it has to convey cultural knowledge。A distinctive feature of traditional sociology of knowledge，It lies in its inseparable relationship with bet365 kentucky bonus code policy and its empirical orientation。Since the advent of bet365 kentucky bonus code science，People have always wanted to use knowledge to influence bet365 kentucky bonus code policy，But in the process of trying to influence modern powers and important institutions，The bet365 kentucky bonus code sciences themselves may be affected by the power and financial resources held by these institutions。So，About what kind of academic review system should be established、Teaching and research system and disciplines、Professional、Interdisciplinary research systems have also become the focus of the sociology of knowledge。

In short，Although the sociology of knowledge has a history of more than a hundred years，But for knowledge and knowledge production、The investigation of application has just begun，There are many issues worthy of further reflection。The sociology of knowledge has broken through the constraints of the humanities and bet365 kentucky bonus code disciplines，Start to cast your sights on broader natural subjects、Edge subjects，Start discussing power on a larger scale、The relationship between culture and knowledge。This can respond to the post-modern trend of thought around the world，It can also promote the production of knowledge itself、Application and sublimation。

　(Author’s unit: Henan University of Technology, Henan Provincial Research Center for Theoretical bet365 kentucky bonus code of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics)