According to the "China Sharing Economic Development Report 2021" released by the National Information Center，About 84 million people with shared economic service providers in my country in 2020，increased by about 7.7%year -on -year。The sharing economy service provider here mainly includes takeaway riders、Online car driver、New employment workers such as courier。early 2023，The National Federation of Trade Unions released the results of the Ninth National Workers' Team Survey Results。Data display，At present, 84 million people in the new employment form nationwide。The number of takeaway riders reaches 13 million people，15%of the overall employment of the new employment form。During the new crown epidemic，The number of takeaway riders has increased sharply。Take Meituan as an example，From 2020 to 2022，The number of riders increased from 4.7 million to 6.24 million，increase to 32.8%。 

The large -scale rise of the new employment form workers is closely related to the prosperity and development of the platform economy。The rapid development of the platform economy is inseparable from the rapid progress of artificial intelligence technology。As the core driving force of the fourth industrial revolution，Artificial intelligence technology is setting off a global wave of technology，Not only the strategic high point of the scientific and technological competition between the country，And is deeply changing all aspects of human society production and daily life。but，The widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in the platform economy, in addition to promoting production progress and convenient life，It also caused people to worry about "de -skills" and "technical unemployment" caused by technological progress。 

July 2021，Meituan revealed at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference，3-5 years will allow unmanned delivery vehicles to develop to a large -scale application stage。Drone services will also expect to appear in more cities within 3-5 years。The rapid development of unmanned delivery cannot help people have "de -skills" and replaced concerns bet365 live casino games about the take -out rider。But the relevant personnel of Meituan also said，Unmanned delivery、Non -contact economy is an ecological concept，Only large -scale and normalization can solve cost problems，It still needs manpower before all the advantages of all innovation and technical iterations.，Therefore, a large number of unemployment is unlikely。This does not completely eliminate the concerns of people's "de -skills" and "technical unemployment" caused by technical progress。In view of the huge scale of take -out riders，Automation、Digitalization、Unmanned potential，We need to go back to the problem itself that makes us worry，Re -understand the labor process of "de -skills" and takeaway riders。 

　Bet365 lotto review hidden knowledge in the labor process 

The idea of ​​"de -skills" originated from American economist Harry Budman。In his opinion，The scientific management proposed by Taylor is to focus the scattered handicraft knowledge from the employer，Then distribute it to the workers' hands in the form of detailed guidance。Breveman described it as "separation from concept and execution"。Therefore, the essence of "de -skills" is the separation of concept and execution，is the hand -separated hand and brain at work。 

"Decoration" means the degeneration of workers。Mechanized with the industrial production process、Automation，Especially work is infinitely subdivided，less and less skills to master workers in specific positions，Then it becomes part of the production line rather than a complete person。Workers no longer move their brain at work，but execute commands like machines or tools，The result is that the workers become more and more stupid。 

The labor process of returning to the takeaway riders。A large number of studies at home and abroad have revealed artificial intelligence、Big data and algorithms are strengthening platform supervision capabilities、Reduction of workers' autonomy and "de -skills" trends。As mentioned earlier，"Skillization" is essentially the separation of the hand and brain at work，The result is the degeneration of workers' cognitive ability; but in actual observation，The performance of takeaway riders is not like this。One of the important reasons is that the "hidden knowledge" Bet365 lotto review of the riders in work is ignored。 

"Hidden Knowledge" refers to "we know more than what we can express and what can be formulated"。Always，The "hidden knowledge" of workers is difficult to find，But it plays a huge role。The superiority of "hidden knowledge" is that it originated from a specific scene rather than a general situation，Therefore, it can be more quickly and directly judge the causes of specific problems in the labor process and find out the solution。This characteristic of this is inseparable from specific scenes and is inseparable from human intuition and judgment，so that the labor process of the rider cannot be simplified as "rule in accordance with the requirements of scientific management、Regulations and formulas "。The process of using "hidden knowledge" is exactly the process of combination of hand and brain，Therefore, the food delivery will not only make the takeaway rider stupid，Instead, it can make them "gain a certain growth": "It not only changed the situation in my home，It also changed my life，It also changed my personality，Make me a lot of people a lot，A lot of maturity and stability，It has become much stronger。” 

Simply speaking，The "hidden knowledge" of the rider during the meal delivery process is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the "brain map"，The second is "Scenario Experience"，Third is "communication skills"。 

First of all, "Brain Map"。Most riders planned the distribution route plan recommended by the takeaway platform APP.。The newly -entered -enrolled rider was at the beginning of the food，Due to the meal delivery process、Areas and time are not familiar with，Send meals in the delivery route recommended by the takeaway platform app。But after being familiar with them, they will give meals according to the delivery route accumulated in their brains，Because they know how to plan the distribution route to be faster: "We first distributed in accordance with the system planning，Familiar with the route planned in the brain after three months。” 

Followed by "scenario experience"。Rider can make a good judgment on specific scenarios，It is because they repeatedly deal with people and things during the meal delivery process，This allows them to constantly accumulate various typical "scenario bet365 live casino games experience"。This experience is the same as "the brain map" and the "communication skills" mentioned later，Can't make clear expressions，But they all play a key role: "We will encounter various problems during the meal delivery process，For example, some merchants are slower for meals，You take the other home first，or the customer's distance is relatively close，I will give him up for a few minutes，Come back to take his meal，This is all possible。” 

Finally, "communication skills"。Rider needs to practice superb communication skills，Because the skill they used most during the meal delivery process is communication，For example, communicate with the merchant's front desk、Communication with the security of the superior and the community's entrance of the community、Communication with customers。Good communication can not only improve the efficiency of food delivery，It can also be exchanged for service praise: "Because it is the service industry，It is better to communicate with the guests，If you have a bad temper，It is easy to have language disputes with guests ... You don’t communicate well，I must be complained。Our communication is more important than delivery。” 

So，Use "hidden knowledge" from the perspective of work in the process of giving metering, that is, the perspective of the need to combine the hand and brain，Sending takeaway is not "de -skills"。A good communication with merchants/security/customers、The human brain planning of the delivery route、"Scenario Experience" required for meals/Delivery，All takeaway riders are needed to achieve their hands and use it，Use the "hidden knowledge" that they continue to accumulate at work。The cognitive ability of the rider does not show degradation at work，They have not become "more and more stupid"。 

Factory andThe desire of "complete workers" 

During the National Two Sessions in 2022，Representative of the National People's Congress、Zhang Xinghai, Chairman of Xiaokang Group, said，In recent years，Takeaway、E -commerce、Webcasting and other industries have attracted a large number of young people to employment; express delivery and takeaway industry "inner rolls" to graduate students to compete; young people are no longer willing to go to the factory to bet365 best casino games work，The problem of hollowization of industrial workers is becoming more and more serious。Zhang Xinghai Suggestion，Government、Enterprises and all sectors of society should work together，Encourage young people to fight for industrial workers，Easy difficulty of recruitment of manufacturing、Difficulty in use。but，The main reason why riders are unwilling to enter the factory and are willing to send out takeaway，Except the differences between salary income and management methods，The reason to be ignored is exactly that delivery takeaway compared to factory workers is not "de -skills"，Instead, they are required to use their brains and use。 

At the same time as various Internet platforms appear "blowout"，Traditional manufacturing is indeed encountering "employment shortage"。Cao Dewang, the founder of Fuyao Group, also emotioned for this: "Now young people would rather go takeaway，I don’t want to go to the factory to work，This is the dilemma faced by the manufacturing industry。""，Professor Wen Effect instrument of the School of Labor Relations pointed out: "The young and middle -aged labor force that was active in the factory production line was continuously walking from offline to online，Make China's economic structure and situation major change。Working to the coastal factory in the past is the first choice for countless young people to realize the city dream，Now go to big cities to send courier and takeaway，It is becoming a career priority option。” 

For young people, "would rather go to takeaway，I don’t want to go to the factory to work "，Most studies take the high salary returns of the platform economy and the strict management of manufacturing as the main reason。Indeed，The revenue of the takeaway rider is not inferior to traditional manufacturing。It is reported，Factory in the coastal area，Most workers' monthly income is 4000-8000 yuan。Comparison of comparison，Rider can get 7000-8000 yuan per month，Many people can even exceed 10,000 yuan。More importantly，Although it is also hard，But takeaway riders are rarely controlled，More free，You can also take the time to rest: "The factory is too strict，No rest，In addition to legal holidays，The country bet365 live casino games is really deducted (punishment)，Just put you one day leave。It is more than 6,000 yuan a month，It's almost here。But compared to，Free point here。” 

The "local worker" described by Marx may be the initial prototype of "de -skills"，"Workers who engage in the same simple operation for life，Convert your entire body into an automatic one -sided organ that is an operation of this operation "。Henry Ford's invention of the production assembly line shows more intuitively，Modern factory needs no longer the "entire body" of workers，but "one -sided organ"。The design principle of the assembly line invented by Ford is "the tool according to the process、People are arranged，To complete the assembly of the parts "。Obviously，People are downgraded on the assembly line as tools。Therefore，Workers on the assembly line inevitably inevitably encounter the separation of the hand and brain and the degradation of cognitive ability brought by it。 

but，Marx also pointed out when different people and animals，"Conscious life activities directly distinguish between people with the life activities of animals"。The difference between people and animals is that people can engage in free and conscious conscious activities，The difference between people and tools is that people have valuable cognition and creative ability。Therefore，Compared to those who make people stupid on the streamline，People are more willing to choose to take takeaway，The reason is precisely the human nature hopes to use the hand and brain at work and use。Due to the existence of "hidden knowledge"，Sending takeaway is better than entering the factory to make the riding feel that they are "complete workers" rather than "one -sided organs" exist。This may also be the reason why the rider feels "freedom" at work。 

Although the takeaway rider does not really face the dilemma of "de -skills"，But it is undeniable，Rider engaged in takeaway delivery may not have high education and high skills。According to the survey results of the Ninth National Workers' Team Statue released by the National Federation of Trade Unions, the results show，Courier、Takeaway delivery staff academic degree concentrated at high school and below。and "Meituan Rider Employment Report during the epidemic period" released by Meituan bet365 Play online games is not difficult to find，The source of the rider is from high to low. Factory workers、Sales staff、Entrepreneurship or a small business person or a catering industry worker。Where the factory workers、Sales staff、Practitioners in the catering industry may also be also low -skills workers。How to today in the era of artificial intelligence，Let more people accumulate "hidden knowledge"，Show free and conscious labor，Realize the coordinated development of human -machine and machine，is the key problem in the era of artificial intelligence。 

　(Author is an associate professor of the School of Humanities and Development of Chinese University of Agricultural University)