Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang Grottoes、Xiqian Buddha Cave，Guazhou Yulin Grottoes、Qiangxia Grottoes、Qiangxia Grottoes、Alkali Spring Cave，Five Temples of Subei、A temple，Yumen Changma Grottoes，There are different quantities of Xixia Caves and murals，Is studying Xixia History、Buddhism、Painting、Materials that are rare in social life。From the perspective of academic history and disciplines，The study of the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang is both the category of Dunhuang studies，It is also the field of Xixia academic。It involves Tibetan Buddhism and painting、Questions of Han Tibetan Art，Therefore, it is the heavy town of Tibetan studies。The study of the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang obviously has the characteristics of interdisciplinary。

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Autumn 1964，Dunhuang Institute of Cultural Relics and the Institute of Nationalities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly formed the "Dunhuang Xixia Information Working Group"，For the first time for Mogao Grottoes、Xixia Information of Yulin Cave for a special inspection，It has identified a group of Xixia Caves，Copy and released a number of inscription information of Xixia and Xixia period。Its achievement was the first time in 1980 by Bai Bin、Shi Jinbo announced，This inspection can be considered as the beginning of the research of the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang。Another important achievement of this investigation is Liu Yuquan "Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes、Anxi Yulin Cave Xixia Cave Installation "，This article is divided into Xixia Cave for the first time in the method of archeology，Put Mogao Grottoes、The mural theme of the Xixia Cave Yulin bet365 Play online games Cave，Facial shape and decorative patterns of the Buddha and Bodhisattva as the object and the main basis of the type analysis，Mogao Grottoes、88 Xixia Caves in Yulin Caves are divided into three periods，Become the main basis for the study of Xixia Grottoes since then。The judgment of the Xixia Cave in the Dunhuang Grottoes Tools in Dunhuang Grottoes in 1982 is also a manifestation of the results of this investigation。Liu Yuquan "Melon、Introduction to the Shaxi Xia Grottoes "is also part of the 1964 survey data，This article is distributed from the cave、shape、The theme layout of murals、Statue、mural art、Decorative patterns and other aspects of Xixia Grottoes detailed discussion。The information published above the results and the issues proposed，and basic academic perspectives，Become the basic information of the study of Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang to this day、Basic issues and basic views。

From the beginning of the 1980s to the current 40 years，Research on the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang In Dunhuang、Xixue、Tibetan learning、Arts and other scholars' efforts，Archaeological staging in the cave、Cave Construction、The art of painting、mural art style、mural topics、Supporting person portrait questions and clothing、Cases of Cave Single Cave Case、Interpretation of Tibetan Chuan Chi Church images has achieved a lot of results。

Overall,，A basic research on Dunhuang Xixia Grottoes，The main problem points of the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang，It has been solved to varying degrees。The representative works are Han Xiao busy、Sun Changsheng、Chen Yue's new "History of Xixia Art"，Chen Yuning、Tang Xiaofang "History of Xi Xia Art"。Some research results are great，Give people a new feeling，For the study of the picture of the water and moon Guanyin and the Tang Seng，Research on the Fifty -one Guanyin Scripture in Yulin Cave Guanyin Scripture Painting，Study bet365 best casino games on Cave 465, Mogao Grottoes，Cave 29, Yulin Cave, Guazhou、Cave 3 and Dongqian Buddha Cave Cave 2、Study at Cave 5，Study on the Portrait of Portrait Portrait and Clothing。

Dunhuang Xixia Grottoes produced in a special historical background，There are a lot of questions that need to be studied，There are big problems，Ru Cave In the Estiments，Interpretation of the Tibetan Secret Mandala image，The practical functions and ritual expression forms of the Tibetan Cave Cave; there are also small problems，How does the Tang Seng take the scripture to enter the Xixia Cave in Guazhou area，In Xixia murals with architectural circles as the prominent characteristics of the pink -based inheritance relationship，All are unsolved topics。Not only that，Some new topics also appeared in Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang，If the overall image of the overall image of the Mogao Grottoes, which is known as the "Secret Temple", is expressed in the overall image of the Mogao Grottoes、denominations、artistic style and creation age; simple form for popular forms in Xixia Cave、Research on the study of a single pure land change。

In addition，During the rule of Xixia，Why is the basic and method of meritorious merit in the west Xiajian cave in Mogao Grottoes in Mogao Grottoes? This is the puzzle of the history of the development of the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang。Xixia within one and a half century，Why didn't the construction of your own merit cave in the "World Holy Palace" in Mogao Grottoes，is just a re -painted early cave? This behavior reflects what kind of meritorious concept of Xixia people?，Most of them have not been solved at present。

　There are many constraints

Observe from academic history，The research of the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang is not consistent with the overall development of Dunhuang Studies for more than 100 years，There are many factors restrictions，In summary，Mainly four points。

First，The complexity of the background of the bet365 live casino games establishment of the Dunhuang Grottoes during the Xixia period。as Song、Liao、Gold、唃 啰、Tibet、Huiyi and other regimes exist at the same time，West Xia regime, which is partial northwest，Its unique nation、Politics、Religious、cultural characteristics，Make the Buddhist grottoes and its mural art of this period present a quite complicated side。Xixia's painting art combines the ink landscape painting of the Central Plains Song Dynasty、Chinese Buddhist art、Hui 鹘 术、Liao Dynasty Buddhist art、Xixiaben National Art、Nutrition of Tibetan Buddhist art，Inherited the traditional art of the local area of ​​Cao's Painting Academy in Dunhuang，Finally, the art of Xixia Grottoes with a variety of art mixed，It is the great change of Buddhist art during this period、A reflection of historic reconstruction。

Another，Song, Liao and Jin Xia period，It is an era of a new round of rising waves in the Chinese Buddhist community，Disaster in the sky、Indian monks represented by Shihu and other Indian monks entered China，Translated a batch of classics newly introduced from India。During this period, all kinds of secret classics are translated，An important classic basis for becoming the practice of Buddhist rituals，To a certain extent, the content and form of traditional Buddhist art performance，With this phenomenon, it is the reconstruction of Buddhist art。Dunhuang Xixia Grottoes research from this angle just started。

Second，History of the cave itself、Archaeological、Art、Limitation of religious information。Xixia period，The method of construction and method of the construction of the Mogao cave cave is very different from the previous，Almost no new cave，Mainly the caves before renovation and re -painting; the traditional supporting person in the cave disappears almost，Only sporadic appears; Bet365 app download during this period, there was no mural list question that was widely seen before this period、Portrait of the supporter、Cave construction merit、Extramimiple of the statue and the wishes。From the appearance of the cave，Rebuilding the screen theme of these late caves、Content、The structure is also greatly simplified。Its content is the same support bodhisattva，or saying，or a minimalist pure land change，The top of the cave is a group flower decoration，There is no wonderful in the Tang and Song caves at all、complex and majestic momentum，It seems bland and mediocre。

third，Limitation of understanding and understanding of Hanzang Buddhist art。Dunhuang Xixia Cave murals are bland and mediocre，It's just for Mogao Grottoes Except 465、464、149、95、3 Caves outside the Xixia Cave，Not comprehensive，Not objective。Look at the above five caves，and Guazhou Yulin Grottoes、Qiangxia Grottoes、Changma Grottoes、Wenshu Mountain Grottoes，You can feel the artistic atmosphere of the strong Xixia era，Among them, the most artistic spirit of Xixia is the murals with obvious Indian Polo art and Tibetan art characteristics。Mysterious and complex Tibetan Tibetan Secret Teaching content makes most researchers discourage，But after interpretation of the Tibetan art historian represented by Xie Jisheng,，We found that Xixia Caves of Tibetan art themes，The core idea of ​​its core、The concept is often the system of Han biography，Tibetan painting is just a new Buddhist theme and content introduced by Xixia，Buddhist justice and thoughts used to structure traditional Buddhism。So，This type of cave mural art can be considered as a true innovation in the history of Chinese art，new art form formed by the integration of Buddhist art in Hanzang Buddhism，This is the most exciting presentation in Dunhuang。If you want Bet365 app download to understand Han, Tibetan Buddhist art from the real sense，Involved in Xixia Buddhism itself to Tang and Song Buddhism、Tibetan Buddhism、Questions of the integration of Buddhism in Liao Dynasty，It is also related to the fusion of Han and Tibetan、The problem of dense and mellow，This is also engaged in history、Archaeological、The shortcomings of the researcher of art history，But Shen Weirong has been seen in recent years、Soroning and other scholars have made breakthroughs。

Fourth，Researchers' group division of labor and attention to the perspective。Dunhuang Xixia Grottoes Research Overall is not ideal，There is a certain relationship with the different perspective of the researcher group and their respective attention。For researchers in Dunhuang Grottoes，There are too many research on Dunhuang Grottoes，The choice of space is too large，Researchers are influenced by the bland and mediocre Xixia art on the appearance，Rarely choose to study the caves of this period of time; for researchers in Xixia Xue，Get information、Limits for actual conditions such as field inspection and other actual conditions，Only limited information announced by the Dunhuang Research Institute，Therefore, it is difficult to deepen; for researchers for art history，Xixia Art is one of the Chinese art of Song, Liao, Jinxia National Art，I was ignored during the historical period，There is almost no record of Xixia painting in the history of painting，This tradition also affects today's researchers; for Tibetan art history scholars，Limited researcher group，Also limited by obtaining information，It is not small to go deeper。

Generally speaking，restricted by many factors，There are more research problems in Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang，Even basic research，There will still be a completely left -left academic perspective。such as a cave staged，In recent years, some researchers have mentioned bet365 best casino games that almost all of the Dunhuang Xixia Grottoes are classified into the Yuan Dynasty。It's hard to imagine，In more than a hundred years，Chongxin Buddhism's Xixia Kingdom does not do anything in the huge Dunhuang Grottoes，This statement is not convincing anyway。So，Research on the Xixia Cave Dunhuang is far away。

(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University)