The linguistic industry is used to the late Tang and Five Dynasties，Divide the history of Chinese into two major stages of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese。Dunhuang documents are mostly products before and after the label of the late Tang and Five Dynasties，The role of inheriting in the history of Chinese development。Especially in which the vernacular is the main body、song words、Wang Fanzhi Poem、Suspected and false scriptures，and send a wish text、Contract and other socio -economic documents，It is also the inferior of modern Chinese corpus。These documents are trajectory of the evolution of ancient and modern Chinese，Curvi Song and Yuan vernacular follow，There is an irreplaceable significant value。Discovery of Dunhuang Literature，Injecting new vitality into Chinese research，Breeding or promoting modern Chinese、Study of Words Word、Vulgar Character Research and other emerging disciplines were born and developed。Specific speaking，Dunhuang literature's promotion of modern Chinese research is mainly reflected in four aspects。

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Change text preserved in the Dunhuang literature、Wang Fanzhi Poem、Song Ci and other popular literary works，Folk Contract、judgment、Social Economic Literature，Suspected and false scriptures、Powering text、Rites and other Buddhist Taoist literature，"Kaimeng Yao Yue"、Monter Books and other Mongolian literate literacy reading books，Most of the hands of the middle and lower people，Close to life、Multi -speaking，Multi -speaking，was a real record of the language appearance at that time，It is the inferior of modern Chinese corpus。

Ru Dunhuang's saying Bet365 app download "Word Treasure" records the words related to human eyes are laughing、Dizziness, etc.; The famous dictionary "Smooth Name Forest" colorful silk cloth records 绫 绫、Turtle Armor、Bird Eye、The difference between filling the mind，Luo You Peacock、Melon seed、Xu Chun's difference，Jim has Persia、lying deer、Duck、Farewell to Phoenix。

Another example is "Chinese Dictionary" with "Dr." bar，It is said that in ancient times, the name of those who have some kind of skills or people who specialize in a certain profession，The descendants of the later generations are the masters，Quoting "Dunhuang Change Essay · Parents' Grace Documents": "Learn Music，Dr. Qu，Make a bowl to adjust the string haunted joy。"" Seeing Dunhuang Literature，There is Dr. Sound and Sound、Doctor of the Celadians、Dr. Make Bed、Dr. Wood、Dr. Garden、Dr. Wall Wall、Write PhD、Dr. Iron、Dr. Saw Saw，etc.，Colorful。

Another as a witness or guarantor of the buyer and seller of the contract，Dunhuang contract documents are guaranteed、Newspaper、Bao see、Baozhi、Guarantee、Seeing people、See、neighbors、Neighbors、Sitting，etc.，There are many names，Show the prosperity of trading at that time。Another noun or pronoun prefix "A"，Six Dynasties have seen the clue，Dunhuang literature is a blowout，Extremely wide use，Ruga、Gong、Brother、Au、Ana、Aha、Ahi、Ana、A Duo、Aber、Alang、Ah, you、Awa、A Mang、Ah、Ge Sister、Aye、Aye Niang、Uncle、A Zhuo、A Guo、Alang、Aunt、Auntie、Auntie，etc.，"A"。

These words，To understand the socio -economic economic economy around the Tang Dynasty、Life、Customs and other helpful help，It is a specific record of ordinary people's life and production activities。

　　Help understand the evolution of ancient and modern Chinese

For various reasons，Especially the lack of writing this information before the Song Dynasty，The source of many words in modern bet365 Play online games Chinese or the relationship between ancient and modern evolution，Today people are not very clear。With the rich writing information in Dunhuang literature，We can get in touch with a large number of first -hand information that has not been transformed by the ancient people's writing，So as a bridge between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese，The evolution relationship becomes clear。

For example, the father and mother's "mother"，Traditional Chinese Word "Mother"，"Mother" originally refers to girls、Girl，Qing Dynasty scholar Duan Yucai said, "The two words of the Tang Dynasty are divided into granting，Therefore, the word Ye Niang is broken without a mother。Today's people are rarely known "。So what is the actual use of the "mother" and "mother" around the Tang Dynasty? When did these two words start mixing?，People cannot make a clear judgment based on this。Discovery of Dunhuang Writing this literature，Provides a lot of reliable first -hand information for answering the question。From the use cases written in Dunhuang，In the more formal text of the Tang Dynasty，The tendency of the two words is very obvious。Dunhuang Written Ben Bo 2011 Tang Wang Renxuan "Publishing Misty Missing Cutting Rhyme · Yang Yun": "Mother，Female Liang anti，姥 姥。"" also cloud: "Mother，Female Number。"was the actual record of the two words in the formal occasion at that time。But in some popular literary works and contract documents,，There is a mixed situation。Ru Dunhuang Written Benz 6274 "Ten En" The third child forgotten the worry: "Speaking of 弼 (nose) head acid，Aiang Niang's intestinal belly is like power (knife 剜)。"The" Mother "character is" Mother 289 "。There are many similar examples。It can be seen that the "Mother" and "Mother" at that time had really begun to mix。It depends on Dunhuang writing this literature，We only set up a bridge between the "mother" of the ancient "mother" and Duan Yubai "Mother".。

Another example of the bet365 Play online games ancient word "Listen"。When did the word "hall" appear? When did the replacement of "listening" and "hall" completed?，Folding in the House of Houses in the House of House，But the basis for the engraving after the Song Dynasty，It may not be used by Jin Chen Shou，Unreliable。Kao Dunhuang Written Benz 2071 "Cutting Rhyme Note · Qing Yun" He Ding rebel: "Listen。Hall，House。"" (Wang Renzhen's "Pressing Multilation and Missing Cutting Rhyme": "Listen，Listening。Hall，House Hall。"))" Cutting Rhyme Note "should belong to Tang Changsun's words and notes，The latter was written in the Tang Gaozong period，Basically preserved the original appearance of Sui Lu's "Cut Rhyme"。This can be seen，On the occasion of the Sui and Tang dynasties, I have consciously opened the "listening" and "hall" difference。But in actual use，"Listen" and "Hall" is still mixed without distinction。Ru 5439 "Catch the Season Biography": "Buy the warehouse fate and Zhizhi，When you say exaggerated people。"" Dang Liste "Du Ben Bo 3697" Hall Hall "。It can be seen that the word "hall" before and after the Tang Dynasty has passed，But the "listening" of the "hall" did not completely withdraw from the historical stage。"Listening" even listened to the "Hall"。Perhaps the "hall" was just "listening" and the vulgar word，No matter the listening of the verb or the noun, it can be done "hall"，Ru Mountain 2073 "Lushan Yuan Graduate" Write Write，"Hall" is used as a listening meaning 2 cases，9 cases of the work room，Indications 1 case of "listening" in the living room，Two -shaped mixing does not distinguish。Just after the popularity of the Song Dynasty，These words are completely different。A large number of use cases in "Listen" and "Hall" in Dunhuang writing，It provides us with a reliable to investigate its division and evolution relationship、Key clues。

　　Provide modern word for modern words

Some words common in modern Chinese，The phenomenon bet365 Play online games of the use cases provided by the large -scale dictionary or the phenomenon of non -first -hand data is prominent，Failure to reveal it、History of evolution，Dunhuang literature can often provide these words of these words earlier。such as the "spicy" of the pepper，Ancient books or "spicy"，The earliest document quoted by the Chinese Dictionary is the "Episodes of the Sea" edited by Ming people and the "Guangyun" edited by Song people，The earliest case quoted by the word "spicy" is the five generations Wang Renyu's "Yutang Gossip"。

So when did this "spicy" or "spicy" occur? Kao Dunhuang Written Ben Bo 2609 "The Essential Essentials of the Customs Family Lin · Dietary Department": "Spicy，Lang cut back。"Qiben 617" Vulgar Essence Essence Forest "is the same work:" spicy，Xin Ye，Lang cut back。"" The "spicy" word early see。Also No. 2071 "Notes Note Cut Rhyme · Moral Rhyme": "Spicy，Spicy。"Sni No. 76" Food Therapy Materia Medica "" Elm Pod ":" Its son can be used as sauce，Food is fragrant，It's slightly spicy。"Bo 2001" South China Sea Return to the internal France "Volume" Eight Dynasties chewing wood ":" It is better as the bitter and spicy as the bitter and spicy，Those who chew their heads are the most。"is the earliest person of the" spicy "word。About the writing of this book is copied in the early and middle periods of the Tang Dynasty，This can be seen，This should be a post -vulgar character that appeared at about the Sui and Tang dynasties (there is "spicy" or "spicy" in the literature of the Six Dynasties after the Song Dynasty，Not reliable，Such as "Dazheng Tibetan" translated "Buddhist Speaking Scriptures", there is "also like a Mo Pear，Its spicy sentence，Among them, the word "spicy" "Gao Lizang" is "spicy"，But Tang Xuanying's "All Scriptures" Volume Eight "Spicy" strip quotes the scriptures and is called "Scriptures")。As for its positive character，shall be "剌" ("Specs" as "瘌")。Cover "Xin Xun" Bet365 lotto review Xi，Affected by the word "Xin"，Therefore, "剌" is changed to be "spicy" and "spicy"。

　　Provide important reference for the collation of words

Due to changes in the times，or changes in the method of dissemination，The meaning of some urgent words in engraving in this literature cannot be solved，The collation of some sentences is not easy to find the answer。Dunhuang writing this literature often has a clues that have evolved or changed，It can provide us with important clues to solve this kind of difficult problems。

Ru Ming Chen Jiru's "The Secret of Bao Yantang".，Marriage Ministry and Clean Wind。Li Nian 18，Shouzhi sets the spirit，Every day eats three daily food，Crying，cloth and vegetable food，Six or Seven Years。"The" Fan "" Fan "" Book Integration of the Book of Books "is the same，All are readable。In fact, this "Fan" should be the error of the word "several"，Doored to read，"Ling Ji" is a word，Refers to a few biography worshiped by God Lord。Dunhuang writing this literature "Several" and "Fan" Each multi -phase chaos。Ru 343 "Sample · Removal Essay": "Mourning parents，Born me，Lifetime crying，Mo can report。Ci Yan Yiji，Haotian Tuli，Tang Yu Ji，Haotian Tuli。But with the gift chapter [limit]，Vulgar Ceremony is difficult to violate;，Against the fierce。Ranshi (缌) is different，Life and Death Tao，SpiritBoth，Set fast。"" (Screenshot words are usually written in "Fan") Bo 2237 Back "Removing Article": "Husband Sun and Moon，Three years of classics。Mourning parents，Born me，Lifetime crying，Mo Neng report。Ci Yan Yiji，Haotian Tuli，Church House Silent，Only increased destroy。Limited ritual system，Vulgar (Code) is difficult to violate;，Against the fierce。Can be described as a spirit bed，Mu Lian ｛｝ is difficult; SpiritExcept，Wu (Hao) Tianye Polar。"Lingfan" is also the error of "Ling Ji"，It can be proved "a few" and "Fan".，Can be called an iron certificate。"Sui Shu · Li Yan Biography"Bet365 lotto review : "Although the concubine is low，pro -clothing abroad，Three years of clothing，Ancient and Modern Pass。岂 遽 褫 褫，Qiangfu Lead Hua，Before the Cycling Ci Ling Ji，Payment the room of others。"" "The word" Ling Ji "is used。

(This article is the preliminary results of the "Dunhuang Literature Language Ceremony" of the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Base，and received funding from Zhejiang University's "China Excellent Cultural Inheritance and Innovation Plan")

(The author is the vice president of the Turpan Society of Dunhuang, China、A special professor of the Yangtze River Scholars of the Ministry of Education (2005-2009、Senior Professor of the Chinese History Research Center of Zhejiang University)