bet365 live casino games_effects show，Although

Home>Journal of Chinese Social Sciences>Economics

Tax sharing affects local government land fiscal behavior

May 05:21, May 08, 2020 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 8, 2020, No. 1921 Author: Xie Zhenfa

　　The "Reform Land Program Management Method proposed by the 2019 Central Economic Work Conference，Deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system "，Reflected the correlation between the land -fiscal and taxation system and the linkage of reform。China's unique tax division system and urban land system are the important system root behind the local government's "development of land"，shaped the trajectory of the past rotation of the Chinese economy，and will continue to affect China's future economic growth model and structural change。So，Scientific understanding of local government land fiscal behavior，helps deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system and the land system。

　　Since the reform and opening up，Under the premise of not changing the basic nature of the land，China has carried out a wealth of land system reform and exploration。Where，For urban land configuration，Even if there are many restrictions，But the "Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China" has given my country's local governments in the allocation of sufficient free tailoring in urban land resources，As a result, the land has become an important means for local governments to regulate the economy。The implementation of the tax system in 1994 has been implemented to this day，Taxation is increasingly becoming the main form of financial division of governments at all levels。Scientific division of intergovernmental taxation of government has become one of the important parts of the reform of the government's intergovernmental relationships。and the tax sharing arrangement is not only the design of financial power and financial resources between different levels of government，It is an important incentive system that affects local government behavior。

　　High -priced urbanization and low -cost industrialization

　　Although my country's land transfer method is increasingly marketable，Bet365 app download But the price of industrial land transfer has been maintained at a low level for a long time，And the price of commercial and residential land transfer shows a significant upward trend，Big volatility。From the perspective of finance，This difference reflects the differences between the behavior logic of the local government behind industrial land and commercial and residential land，That is, the low -cost transfer of industrial land is an important means for local governments to "introduce taxes on land"，High -priced transfer of commercial and residential land is an important means of "rented and/or housing tax" for local governments。From this, "high -priced urbanization、Low -price industrialization "economic growth model。

　　Before the change of camp in 2012，From the corresponding relationship between the main tax and land type，VAT mainly corresponds to industrial land，Business tax mainly corresponds to commercial and residential land。theoretically，higher value -added tax sharing will inspire local governments to promote industrial development，Promote it to attract mobile capital with low land price subsidies。But industrial land formed "national or even global buyer market" due to capital competition，Local governments are just a competitors in this market。This means that local governments' "increasing taxes on local government" behavior are essentially similar to the horizontal tax competition between local governments。When the supply of capital supply is elasticity, it is timed，The balance result of the competition between the "Tax Tax of Local Investment in Local Investment" among local governments will appear to remain at a lower level，or even the phenomenon of "zero land price"。This over -capital subsidy will increase the total supply of social capital，Causes over -investment。At different development stages，The economic effect brought by this model is different。When the shortage of capital elements，This low land price attracting behavior helps increase social capital investment，bet365 best casino games Then promote economic growth。But when the capital element is no longer short,，Excessive capital subsidies bring excessive investment，Then cause the problem of overcapacity of institutional production capacity。

　　Non -trade characteristics of services and real estate，Commercial and residential land formed a "LAN seller market"，Local governments enjoy the monopoly position of the seller in the local market。This monopoly provides convenience for local governments to obtain land rent or real estate tax。Compared with the Land Transfer Gettlement Return，Business service industry and real estate development and sales of business tax income and other taxes and fees income are less and longer，The impact of changes in business tax forming changes on commercial and residential land prices is less。So，For commercial and residential land prices，Local governments are more considering their fiscal interests from the perspective of acquiring land transfer funds，Although higher operating tax sharing will also stimulate local governments to push high commercial and residential land prices。At the same time，Horizontal subsidy low -cost industrialization is also one of the important causes of high -priced transfer of commercial and residential land。

　　Taxation sharing affects urban land configuration

　　theoretically，The rise in the division of value -added tax will cause local governments to increase the fiscal revenue from industrial land allocation，Then seduce it to increase the configuration of industrial land，Increase the increase in tax income such as the current and future industrial VAT。At the same time，The rise in VAT sharing will also cause local governments to increase the configuration of commercial and residential land。On the one hand，VAT sharing rising through industrial spillover effect，Seduces local governments to increase the allocation of commercial and residential land; on the other hand,，Value -added tax sharing rising through fiscal passing effect，Forced local governments to increase the allocation of commercial and residential land。

　　The logic of the influence of commercial and residential land prices is similar，Compared with the Land Transfer Gettlement Return，bet365 best casino games Tax benefits with relatively low operating tax make the operating tax division changes on commercial and residential land is much weaker。At the same time，The decline in fiscal interests caused by the decline in business tax sharing will reduce the allocation of local governments on commercial and residential land，But the rising fiscal pressure caused by the same time forced local governments to increase the configuration of commercial and residential land，These two directions are opposite，Eventually, the change in business tax formation changes have a small impact on the allocation of commercial and residential land。

　　Research results for industrial land production effects show，Although the increase in VAT sharing will help increase the number of industrial enterprises above designated size，But it did not significantly increase the number of industrial enterprises above the size of the unit area，and significantly reduced the added value of industrial industries above the size of the unit area。These results indicate，VAT sharing into the rise to motivate local governments to configure industrial land in a low -efficiency for financial income。

　　The demand for land configuration will rise further

　　May 1, 2016 After the camp was pushed open，The division ratio of the central and local value -added tax is adjusted from the original 75:25 to 50:50。Based on this adjustment，It is expected to increase the value -added tax sharing ratio of local governments accordingly。Compared with the original division arrangement，The proportion of the original value -added tax sharing of the local government will increase，The proportion of value -added tax sharing corresponding to the original business tax will decline。It is expected that these changes will affect the corresponding changes in the land fiscal behavior of the local government。

　　From the perspective of urban land prices，Original VAT sharing will inspire local governments to reduce industrial land prices to attract mobile capital，This generates more serious low industrial land price subsidy capital phenomena，Although this helps promote Bet365 lotto review short -term industrial growth，But also left a hidden danger for the overcapacity of the new round of overcapacity。At the same time，New tax sharing changes have also increased the pressure of local government maintenance or even pushing high commercial and residential land prices。

　　From the perspective of urban land configuration，Value -added tax formation will inspire local governments to increase the configuration of industrial land，to promote the development of the industrial industry，but also facing more severe industrial land intensive use of challenges。At the same time，This change does not reduce the allocation of local governments on commercial and residential land。Take a comprehensive，After the business reform, the local government's demand for urban industrial land and commercial and residential land will further rise，More reasonable planning and efficient use of limited land resources in the future。

　　Deepen the reform of the land system and the fiscal and taxation system

　　First，When promoting the reform of the Chinese land system and the fiscal and taxation system，Need to consider the linkage relationship between the two。On the one hand，In the reform of the land system，It is necessary to consider the financial incentive of the local government in the land allocation，Avoid alienation of local governments caused by the reform of the land system as much as possible。On the other hand，In the reform of the fiscal and taxation system，It is necessary to reasonably divide the financial power of affairs among governments at all levels，Reduce malignant competition behavior caused by inappropriate fiscal incentives and financial pressure。

　　2，In the process of constantly promoting the conversion of old and new kinetic energy，Still focusing on the re -positioning of land functions，Carefully plan the reform of the land system。On the one hand，The new growth mode of increasing productivity and innovation drive by inspiring local governments from the "development of the earth" model，Improving the degree of intensive use of industrial land through technical progress and innovation。On the other hand，Instead of insisting on "the house bet365 best casino games is used for living，Not used to speculate on the basis of "positioning，Weaken the fiscal interests of local governments on commercial and residential land，Stimulate local governments from the comprehensive development of the industry、Optimization of commercial and residential land configuration with an angle of urban function improvement。

　　third，Comprehensive consideration of tax sharing incentive，Improving the tax sharing system。When the tax sharing system reform，Not only the arrangement of the financial resources between governments at all levels，It is necessary to comprehensively consider the impact of different system design on the impact of local government behavior and its effects。At the same time, consider different government intergovernmental tax division design，Design according to the location characteristics of different regions is practical and relatively reasonable financial incentive system。

　　Fourth，Improve the incentive restraint mechanism，Guide the benign competitive behavior of local governments。Although tax discounts、Low industrial land price、High fiscal subsidies and other forms of regional guidance competition have brought many negative effects，But competition in the area still has a strong incentive effect in promoting economic growth。So，Simple restricting competition between local governments is not appropriate，should be perfected by improving the incentive restraint mechanism，Give local governments to openly transparent and appropriate policy tools，Guide the local government to actively optimize the business environment、Innovation system environment，To promote reasonable flow and optimize configuration to promote elements，Realize high -quality economic development。

　　(This article is the research on the reform of local fiscal systems in the National Social Science Foundation "Research on the Construction of Basic Public Services" (18zda096) phased achievement)

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Economics of Xiamen University)

Editor in charge: Changchang