Looking from Tianshan East，Qilian Mountain in order、Yin Mountain、Yanshan。These mountains are the four main landmarks of the agricultural and animal husbandry division lines in the eastern Eurasia，Grassland、Desert and Gobi interspersed between，Northern Master Mu、Southern main farmer，and change due to the cycle of the climate，Forms an agricultural and animal husbandry intertwined zone that moves the north -south interval of 400 mm such as 400 mm.。There are many desert embellishments in this area，Together with the major grasslands in the north，Calling the grassland -desert cultural belt。The Great Wall and Line built by the Central Plains dynasty，The relationship between the two natural economic belts of the North and South and the agricultural and animal husbandry people living on both sides。from the Warring States、Qin and Han to the Ming Dynasty，Several Great Walls from Shanhaiguan to Jiayuguan，And the west of Tianshan Mountains to Central Asia in the form of a line of lines to Central Asia。

　Bet365 lotto review

Neolithic Age，In the warm and humid period of the climate，Primitive agricultural society represented by Yangshao Culture spread north to Yin Mountain to Yanshan area，spread west to Qilian Shandong Yuan，Pocket fusion with local cultural collisions，Form new agricultural culture。Longshan era to summer business period，Dry cold changes in the climate have prompted the transformation of northern agricultural culture into animal husbandry -farming culture，The farming culture of Qilian Mountains — animal husbandry culture expands to Tianshan area in eastern Xinjiang，In -depth cultural integration with crowds from the west of Eurasia，ending the collection and hunting culture since the Old Stone Age。

Starting from this period，The two -point of agriculture and animal husbandry in the eastern part of Eurasia began to appear。As far as the Grassland of North China -Desert Culture bet365 best casino games Belt，The countries of the Xiashang period，Rongdi in the Zhou Qin period，Da Yue in the Qin and Han Dynasties、Huns、Donghu、Hujie and Western Regions 36 Kingdoms，Rouran in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties、Xianbei、High car、Tiele and the Western Desert Oasis City Guo Kingdom，Turks in the Tang and Song dynasties、Back 纥 (Return 鹘)、Khitan、Women's True，Mongolia in the Mongolian Yuan and Qing Dynasties、Waji、Nomadic nomadic people and their tribes and their tribes live here。

In the grassland -desert cultural belt，The Western Regions with Tianshan as the core are particularly special。The first line of Tianshan and Sir River is the dividing line of the Central Asian grassland and the oasis farming zone，It is also an important channel for East and the West。The valley inside Tianshan and the front of the northern foot belong to the grassland，Because of its special geographical strategic value，Agriculture and animal husbandry dual confrontation and integration is different from the eastern region。Han、Tang and Qing Dynasty built Shule City in the northern foot of Tianshan and Valley、Beiting City、Three urban defense systems in Yili Nine City，fully reflects the interactive process of the competition and integration of farmers and animal husbandry。

　　In the past, the Western Regions have been carefully operated

Starting from the Emperor Hanwu，Xinjiang became a high -value region in the Han Dynasty and the Huns and the world of transportation in the western world，The Central Plains dynasty will have to gain this ambition。The East Tianshan area directly guards the portal of the Xiongnu from Mobei Grassland，Prevent the Huns and the forces of all parties in the Western Regions，Become the cutting -edge position of the Central Plains dynasty to maintain the security of the Western Regions。Except for the original Loulan Road here，You can also connect directly with Hexi，Get the power of all parties in Hexi to quickly support。Yi Hami、Turpan two oasis as the base，Whether in terms of personnel or materials，It plays an important supporting role in controlling the western region。

2014-2019，The Institute of Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archeology Institute continuously discovered bet365 live casino games the Site of Shichengzi, Makou, Banjingou Town, Qijiegou Town, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture。According to literature records and new archeological discoveries，Basically, it can be determined that it is the city of Shule, Han Dynasty。Shule City is the Han Dynasty army responding to the Hun threat、Military Fortress, which is specially established in the place where the northern foot of Dongtian Mountains is controlled，The official resident "Jinmangcheng" and the Western Wu school captain "Jinmangcheng" and the Turpan Jiji Captain Liu Zhongcheng formed a stable small triangle strategic support。In the larger range，Captain Wuji School、Western Regions Duhu and Hexi Governing forces constitute a strategic triangle support relationship。Banwa unearthed from the site of Shule City、Tube tiles and other building materials and pottery，All have a typical Han Dynasty craft style，The coin is five baht of the Eastern Han Dynasty。This is the only clear Han Dynasty site in Xinjiang in Xinjiang。The Ishichengzi site is an empirical evidence in the Han Dynasty effective rule，It is of great significance to study how to operate the Western Regions in the central government of the Han Dynasty。

The hometown of Beiding is located in a 12 -kilometer -enabled plain in the northeast of Jimusar County，Core area covers an area of ​​1.5 square kilometers，It is politics north of Tianshan、Military and Cultural Center。The plane of the ruins of the North Ting City is roughly "two sets of four sets and eight pieces"。Two sets of walls inside and outside are roughly metaphysical，There is a city wall、moat、City Gate、horse noodles、Central Command Platform and Corner Tower，Inner City is Tingzhou City，The outer city of expanded includes inner cities, that is, North Tingcheng，The core area "Zicheng" is in the northeast。Preliminary proof of the latest archeological discovery，The old city pattern of Beiting is basically completed in more than 150 years in the north of the Tang Dynasty.，The changes in the two sets of the size of the size of the city reflect the old city system of the North Ting City from Tingzhou to Beiting Mansion、History of the development and evolution of the residence in the northwest court。Gaochang bet365 Play online games Huizheng and the Mongolian Yuan period basically followed the shape layout of Beiting City in the Tang Dynasty，Only local repair and changes。The north of the north of the northern foot of Tianshan is the core，Including subordinates Jin Man、Pu category、Zhili Prefecture and Han Navy、Iwojun、The military town system of Tianshan Army and even the broken leaves cities under the jurisdiction of Anxi Duhufu，It is a witness to effectively rule and ensure the prosperity and smoothness of the Silk Road in the grassland of the Central Plains of the Tang Dynasty。The Song and Yuan Dynasties，It still plays an important role under the management of Gaochang Hui and the Yuan Dynasty。

After the reunification of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty，In the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), the president Yili and other generals (referred to as "General Yili")，and appointed Mingrui as the first General Ili，The military system of the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang was officially established。28 years，Mingrui builds a large city on the bank of Yili River，Qianlong's name "Huiyuan"。General Yili stationed in Huiyuan City，The city becomes Xinjiang Political and Military Center，Zuo Zongtang said "The First Town of West Road"。General Yili also hosted the construction of Tellech City、Suiding City、Ningyuan City、Huining City、Guangren City、Zhande City、Gongyu City、Xi Chuncheng and other cities，Together with Huiyuan City，When people collectively refer to "Yili Nine Cities"。

　City defense system has its own characteristics

Han、Tang and Qing Dynasty built the above three urban defense systems in the northern foot of Tianshan and Valley，Its main purpose is to prevent harassment and invasion of the grassland nomadic people，Make sure the Central Plains dynasty's rule and maintenance of the Oasis and Silk Road，Generally reflected the contradiction between the duality of farmers and animal husbandry。Specifically，Three urban defense systems have their own characteristics。

Shule City in the Han Dynasty is a fortress built mainly for the Huns，and smaller due to the size、The supporting system is incomplete and a flash of flowers。The urban defense system with north court as the core of the north of the Tang Dynasty is based on this tradition bet365 live casino games and basis，evolved into a bonding farming and nomadic area、Dacheng system that communicates things，and last about 800 years。The royal family of the Tang Dynasty in the background of the Li Han family from the end of the Han Dynasty to the long -term Hu Han integration，Has owned beyond Hu Han、Looking at the mind and vision of the world，Tang Taizong Li Shimin once said，"Gu Jifu Guizhong and cheap，I love alone like one "。The ruling class of the Tang Dynasty and the compatibility of the institutional Shoucheng and nomadic people that are good at farming people。The assassination history of the North court、Du Guihe Jiejie Mo nearly thirty people，Among them, the generals from all over the Central Plains，There is also the Turkic royal family noble Astana，And Li Yuanzhong, descendant of Sugut merchants in Central Asia，and from "Watch Bohai，Gao Yao of the River at the River。

This big city and its system are not only precautions、Keep and resist nomadic，Nourishing、Unity and fusion nomadic，At the same time, it also protects all parties on the Silk Road。Back to Gaochang、Liao (Liao) and Mongolian Yuan period，The regime of nomadic background continues this new tradition，and carry forward the light。

The tradition of promoting agriculture and animal husbandry in the Qing Dynasty with Huiyuan City as the core，The ruling class with animal husbandry as the background is united and integrated in the agriculture and pastoral people、Shape the efforts of the multi -nation's unification of the Chinese empire。After the Han Dynasty，In the process of creation of the Chinese nation and the Chinese Empire，Nomadic's pulse plays an important role in the development and integration of farming and animal husbandry identity。

　Clame the Community of the Chinese nation

The geographical environment around China is relatively closed，Facing the sea in the east，The west is a plateau that stretches thousands of kilometers、Mountains、Desert、Gobi，Become a natural strategic barrier and buffer，Strong political and military forces in western Eurasia cannot invade directly，And the Silk Road communicates the culture and economy of the East and the West。Yellow River、The core area of ​​the farming area with the core and bet365 Play online games downstream of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River has a vast area and continuous，Suitable for establishing a large unified country with a large population。Farming Social Economy、Technology and culture developed，Region、Population and economy huge，Has a larger organizational superiority、tolerance and tolerance。but，Social development is generally conservative and rigid，The phenomenon of long -term decline in the dynasty is serious。Hu Huanyong Line West，Especially the Mongolian Plateau as the core of the pastoral area, the same region，In addition, there are many mixed transition zones of agriculture and animal husbandry。Husbandry Society has strong military power，With strong expansion ability and pioneering，Plasticity of plasticity and change。Compared to farming society，Animal Husbandry Society also has interests in the two areas of governance of agriculture and animal husbandry、Wishes and abilities。but，The rulers inherit the crisis of intergenerational in the intergeneration，The total population is small、Economic and cultural relatively backward。

For these special reasons，People separated from inside and outside the Great Wall，Taking the eastern Eurasian mainland as the stage，Common development、Building a home。Qin and Han downs，Tang Dynasty、Liao (West Liao) Chao Dynasty、Xixia、Yuan Dynasty、The vast desert -grassland area ruled by the Qing Dynasty，All nations have written long history，Created a splendid culture and great spirit。Unintentional，Although there are bumps between，But I have never completely confronted the separation，Instead in repeated games，In the economy、A close connection and identity have been established in culture and blood，Continuous integration into one。Han、Tang、yuan、Qing，Agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing and hunting all ethnic groups jointly created、Development、Consolidate the unified empire dynasty，Write a common epic epic，Become a wide -area destiny community and unified multi -ethnic country。

Overall，The Western Regions, which is more fragile and sensitive in the natural environment and diversified political and cultural forces，Due to the combined Bet365 app download superposition of the strategic buffer zone and the silk road channel，The game of all parties is more complicated and sharp。The strong Central Plains dynasty effectively ruled the north and south regions of Tianshan，The relationship between the nomadic society with the northern grassland with the northern grassland must be properly treated。Therefore，It is more magnificent in the two aspects of agriculture and animal husbandry games and the interaction of east and west。From the Han Dynasty Shule City and the Tang Dynasty from the Tang Dynasty，Then to the "Ili Nine Cities" in the Qing Dynasty，These three constructions built on the northern foot and valleys of Tianshan Mountains，fully reflect this great historical process。In the historical evolution of more than 2,000 years，Gradually cast the ancient and modern Chinese to the western territory、Agreement of the consciousness of multi -nation's unified country and the Chinese nation community consciousness。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)