Looking east from Tianshan Mountain，Qilian Mountains in order、Yinshan、Yanshan。These mountains are the four main landmarks bet365 best casino games agricultural and pastoral boundary in eastern Eurasia，Grassland、The desert and Gobi are interspersed，Northern Pastor、Southern Main Farmers，And due to the cyclical changes in the climate，The formation of an agricultural-pastoral transition zone with periodic movement between the north and south bet365 best casino games 400 mm constant precipitation line。This area is dotted with deserts，Together with the vast grasslands in the north，called grassland-desert cultural zone。The Great Wall and beacon lines built by the Central Plains Dynasty in the past dynasties，Coping with the relationship between the two natural economic zones in the north and south and the farmers and herdsmen living on both sides。By Warring States、Qin and Han Dynasties to Ming Dynasty，Leaving several sections bet365 best casino games Great Wall from Shanhaiguan to Jiayuguan，And extends westward along the Tianshan Mountains from north to south to Central Asia in the form of beacon lines。

　Farming bet365 best casino games compete and blend together

Neolithic Age，bet365 best casino games warm and humid climate period，The primitive agricultural society represented by Yangshao culture spread northward to the area from Yinshan to Yanshan，Spreading westward to the eastern edge of Qilian Mountain，Collision and integration with local culture，Formation of a new agricultural culture。Longshan Period to Xia and Shang Period，The dry and cold changes bet365 best casino games macroclimate have prompted the transformation of northern agricultural culture into animal husbandry-farming culture，The farming and animal husbandry culture around the Qilian Mountains expanded to the Tianshan region in eastern Xinjiang，Deep cultural integration with people from western Eurasia，Ended the gathering and hunting culture since the Paleolithic Age。

Starting from this period，A dichotomy between agriculture and animal husbandry begins to emerge in eastern Eurasia。As far as the grassland-desert cultural belt in northern China is concerned，The kingdoms of Xia and Shang dynasties，Rong Di during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties，Da Yuezhi during the Qin and Han Dynasties、Xiongnu、Donghu、Hujie and the Thirty-six Kingdoms of the Western Regions，Rouran during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties、Xianbei、高车、Tiele and the bet365 best casino games kingdom of the desert oasis in the Western Region，Turks in the Tang and Song Dynasties、Uighur (Uighur)、Khitan、Jurchen，Mongolia during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties、Wala、The Jurchen (Manchu) and other nomadic peoples and their tribes lived here successively。

In the grassland-desert cultural zone，The Western Region with Tianshan Mountain as its core is particularly special。The line between Tianshan Mountain and Syr Darya River is the dividing line between Central Asian grasslands and oasis farming areas，It is also an important channel between the East and the West。The inner valleys of the Tianshan Mountains and the piedmont area at the northern foot of the mountain are all grasslands，Because of its special geostrategic value，The confrontation and integration of agriculture and animal husbandry are different from those in the eastern region。Chinese、Shule bet365 best casino games was built in the northern foothills and valleys of Tianshan Mountains in the Tang and Qing dynasties、Beiting bet365 best casino games、Three urban defense systems of nine cities in Yili，Fully reflects the interactive process of competition and integration between agriculture and animal husbandry。

　　The Western Regions have been carefully managed bet365 best casino games past dynasties

Since the period of Emperor Wu bet365 best casino games Han Dynasty，Xinjiang became a high-value area for the Han Dynasty’s struggle with the Xiongnu and transportation to the western world，The Central Plains Dynasty is determined to win this。The Tianshan Mountains in the East directly guard the gateway for the Xiongnu to enter the Western Regions from the Mobei Grassland，Prevent the Xiongnu from uniting with all forces in the Western Region，Become the forward position bet365 best casino games Central Plains Dynasty to maintain the security bet365 best casino games Western Region。Except for the Loulan Road that was originally opened，It can also be directly connected to the Hexi area，Received rapid support from all forces in Hexi。Yihami、Turpan’s two oases are the base，Both in terms of personnel and materials，Plays an important supporting role in controlling the western region。

　2014-2019，The Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology has continuously excavated the Shichengzi site in Magouliang Village, Banjiegou Town, Qitai County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture。Based on documentary records and new archaeological discoveries，It can basically be determined that it is Shule bet365 best casino games in the Han Dynasty。Shule bet365 best casino games is where the Han Dynasty army responded to the threat of the Huns、A specially built military fortress to control the dangerous location at the northern foot of the Eastern Tianshan Mountains，Form a stable small triangle strategic support with "Jinmancheng", the official residence of the Wu Xiaowei in the west, and Liuzhong bet365 best casino games, the residence of the Ji Xiaowei in Turpan。On a larger scale，Wuji Colonel、The Western Region Protectorate and the Hexi Garrison form a strategic triangle support relationship。Slab tiles unearthed from the Shule bet365 best casino games site、Building materials such as tiles and pottery，Both have typical Han Dynasty craft style，The coin is the five-baht coin of the Eastern Han Dynasty。This is the only Han Dynasty bet365 best casino games site with a clear date in Xinjiang。The Shichengzi ruins are evidence of the Han Dynasty’s effective rule of the Western Regions，It is of great significance to study how the central government of the Han Dynasty managed the Western Regions。

Beiting Ancient bet365 best casino games is located in the alluvial plain about 12 kilometers northeast of Jimusar County，The core area occupies 1.5 square kilometers，It is politics north of Tianshan Mountain、Military and Cultural Center。The plan of the Beiting Ancient bet365 best casino games ruins is roughly "two sets of four layers and eight blocks"。The inner and outer walls are roughly square，With bet365 best casino games walls、Moat、bet365 best casino games Gate、马面、Center podium and turret，The inner bet365 best casino games is Tingzhou bet365 best casino games，The expanded outer bet365 best casino games includes the inner bet365 best casino games, Beiting bet365 best casino games，The core area "Zi Cheng" is in the northeast。Preliminary proof of the latest archaeological discovery，The layout of Beiting Ancient bet365 best casino games was basically completed during the more than 150 years when the Tang Dynasty ruled the area north of the Tianshan Mountains，The changes in the two sets of bet365 best casino games walls, large and small, reflect the change in the organizational structure of the old bet365 best casino games of Beiting from Tingzhou to Beiting Protectorate、The development and evolution history of the Jiedu Envoy Station in Yixi Province。The Gaochang Uighur and Mongolian Yuan dynasties basically followed the shape and layout of Beiting bet365 best casino games in the Tang Dynasty，Only local fixes and changes。Northern foot of Tianshan Mountain with Beiting bet365 best casino games as the core，Including subordinate Jinman、Pu Category、Zhili Prefecture and Han Haijun in Luntai County、Iwu Army、The military town system of the Tianshan Army and even Suiye bet365 best casino games under the jurisdiction of the Anxi Protectorate, etc.，It is a testimony that the Central Plains Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty effectively ruled the grassland areas of the Western Regions and ensured the prosperity and smoothness of the Silk Road。Song and Yuan Dynasties，It still plays an important role under the administration of Gaochang Uighurs and Yuan Dynasty。

​​After the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang，In the 27th year of Qianlong's reign (1762), President Yili and other generals were established (referred to as "General Yili")，And appointed Mingrui as the first Ili general，The Qing Dynasty’s military system in Xinjiang was officially established。Twenty-eight years，Mingrui built a big bet365 best casino games on the north bank of the Ili River，Qianlong gave the name "Huiyuan"。General Yili stationed in Huiyuan bet365 best casino games，The bet365 best casino games became the political and military center of Xinjiang，Zuo Zongtang called it “the first important town on the West Road”。General Yili also presided over the construction of Talqi bet365 best casino games、Suiding bet365 best casino games、Ningyuan bet365 best casino games、Huining bet365 best casino games、Guangren bet365 best casino games、Zhande bet365 best casino games、Gongchen bet365 best casino games、Xichun bet365 best casino games and other cities，Together with Huiyuan bet365 best casino games，People at that time collectively called it "Ili Nine Cities"。

　Each bet365 best casino games defense system has its own characteristics

汉、The above three bet365 best casino games defense systems were built in the northern foothills and valleys of Tianshan Mountains in the Tang and Qing dynasties，The main purpose is to prevent harassment and invasion by grassland nomads，Guarantee the rule and maintenance of the Central Plains Dynasty over the oasis areas and the Silk Road，Generally reflects the dual contradiction between agriculture and animal husbandry。Specifically，The three bet365 best casino games defense systems have their own characteristics。

Shule bet365 best casino games in the Han Dynasty was a fortress mainly built to fight against the Xiongnu，And because of the small scale、The support system is imperfect and short-lived。The bet365 best casino games defense system with Beiting as the core in the Tang Dynasty was based on this tradition and basis，Evolved into a combined farming and nomadic area、A large bet365 best casino games system that connects the east and west，And lasted about 800 years。The Li royal family of the Tang Dynasty was in the context of the long-term integration of Hu and Han from the late Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty，Has surpassed Hu Han、The mind and vision of looking at the world，Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once said，"In ancient times, China was valued highly and barbarians were despised，I only love Ruyi”。The ruling class of the Tang Dynasty had both the institutional conservatism that the farming people were good at and the compatibility and enterprising spirit of the nomadic people。The governor stationed in Beiting、Nearly thirty protective guards and military envoys，There are generals from all over the Central Plains，There are also Turkic royal nobles Ashina Xian，There is also Li Yuanzhong, a descendant of Sogdian merchants from Central Asia，And from "Wangbiaohai，Gao Yao, who lives in Jiaohe。

This great bet365 best casino games and its system not only prevent、Containing and resisting the nomads，Also nourishing、Uniting and integrating the nomads，At the same time, it also protects people from all walks of life on the Silk Road。Uighurs in Gaochang、Liao (Western Liao) and Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties，Regiments with a nomadic background continue this new tradition，And carry it forward。

In the Qing Dynasty, the "Nine Cities of Yili" with Huiyuan bet365 best casino games as the core promoted the tradition of integrating agriculture and animal husbandry，Reflects the efforts of the ruling class with the background of animal husbandry to unite and integrate the farmers and herders、Efforts to create a multi-ethnic unified Chinese empire。After Han Dynasty，In the process of creating the Chinese nation and the Chinese Empire，The nomadic branch plays an important role in territorial expansion and integrating agricultural and pastoral identity。

　Forging a community bet365 best casino games Chinese nation

The geographical environment surrounding ancient China was relatively closed，The east faces the sea，The west is a plateau stretching for thousands of kilometers、Mountains、Desert、Gobi，Become a natural strategic barrier and buffer zone，The strong political and military forces in western Eurasia cannot invade directly，The Silk Road connected the culture and economy bet365 best casino games East and the West。With the Yellow River、The farming area centered on the middle and lower reaches bet365 best casino games Yangtze River and Pearl River is vast and continuous，Suitable for establishing a unified country with a large population。Farming Social Economy、Developed technology and culture，Region、Huge population and economy，Has greater organizational superiority、Tolerance and Inclusion。But，Social development generally becomes more conservative and rigid，The long-term cyclical decline bet365 best casino games dynasty is serious。West of Hu Huanyong Line，In particular, the pastoral area with the Mongolian Plateau as the core is also vast，There are also many transitional zones between agriculture and animal husbandry。The military strength bet365 best casino games animal husbandry society is strong，Has strong expansion ability and pioneering，Plasticity and enthusiasm for change。Compared to agricultural society，The pastoral society is more interested in ruling the two areas of agriculture and animal husbandry、Desires and Abilities。But，The intergenerational succession crisis among its rulers is significant，Small population、The economy and culture are relatively backward。

Due to these special reasons，People living inside and outside the Great Wall，Taking eastern Eurasia as the stage，Develop together、Building a home。Since Qin and Han Dynasties，Tang bet365 best casino games、Liao (Western Liao) bet365 best casino games、Xixia、Yuan bet365 best casino games、The Qing bet365 best casino games successively ruled this vast desert-steppe area，All ethnic groups have jointly written a long history，Created a splendid culture and a great spirit。Intentionally or unintentionally，Although there are some ups and downs at times，But there is still no complete fight against separation，But in repeated games，In Economics、Established a close connection and identity based on culture and blood，Continuously merge into one。Chinese、Tang、yuan、Qing，Created by all ethnic groups in agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing and hunting、Development、Consolidate the unified imperial bet365 best casino games，Written a common epic of prosperity，Becoming the earliest broad-area community with a shared future and a unified multi-ethnic country formed earlier in human history。

Overall，In the Western Region where the natural environment is relatively fragile and sensitive and political and cultural forces are diverse and dispersed，Due to the overlapping of the strategic buffer zone and the Silk Road channel，The game between various forces is more complicated and sharp。The powerful Central Plains dynasty effectively ruled the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains，The relationship with the nomadic society in the northern grassland must be properly handled。Therefore，It is even more spectacular in terms of the game of farming and animal husbandry and the interaction between east and west。From Shule bet365 best casino games in Han Dynasty and Beiting bet365 best casino games in Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty，And then to the "Nine Cities of Yili" in the Qing Dynasty，The rise and fall of these three urban defense systems built at the northern foothills and valleys of Tianshan Mountain，fully reflects this great historical process。In the historical evolution of more than two thousand years，Gradually created the relationship between ancient and modern Chinese people towards the western territory、Identification of a unified multi-ethnic country and the consciousness of the Chinese nation’s community。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Archeology, bet365 best casino games Academy of Social Sciences)