Using information and digital technology to improve governance and institutional effectiveness,bet365 bonus bets has always been regarded as comprehensively promoting the rule of law、An important path to speed up the construction of China under the rule of law,We should become a country that adheres to the rule of law in the future、Government under the rule of law、Important work content of the “integrated construction” of a rule of law society。In terms of pursuing “good laws and good governance”,Perfect legal system、Creating legal consciousness and cultivating legal talents,will remain important now and in the future。But increasingly complex、In the face of changing social governance needs,Purely humanistic efforts have their functional “ceiling”;Only by proactively insisting on exploring technology applications,Only in this way can we continuously explore new space to improve governance capabilities and effectiveness。As of now,Having formed Chinese-style governance models that have attracted world attention in many fields, including "one network for all services", "one network for unified management", "smart courts", "health codes" and public credit information systems。
However,Thinking and discussions about information and digital technology in political and legal circles in recent years have indeed shown stronger anxiety and distrust than before。These emotions are not insincere,Because from the Internet to big data to artificial intelligence,Related technologies are traded in the market、Applications in social life and public governance,All of them indeed give rise to troubles that people cannot avoid。Whether bet365 bonus bets the damage to information privacy caused by systematic monitoring,bet365 bonus bets still a structural monopoly of platform companies,Even the lack of transparency and fairness in algorithmic decision-making,Or even the harm caused by artificial intelligence and the risk of labor substitution-these problems are not only real,bet365 bonus bets also becoming visible through vivid cases。Critical and forward-looking academic and public discussions,Definitely needed、It should also penetrate the atmosphere of pure optimism created earlier by the advocacy of technological utopians and business interest groups,Effectively identify potential problems and risks、Analysis、Track。But this does not mean that we should be immersed in the dystopian images woven by words such as "out of control surveillance", "algorithmic black box" and "digital discrimination" now and in the future。Reality needs to be criticized,But criticism cannot be reduced to profound clichés。Especially,The technological anxiety generated by Western academic circles in its specific context should serve as a mirror,But it should not be imitated through discourse and become a shackles that binds Chinese practice。Combined with initiated and rolled out practices,Continue to promote the application of information and digital technology in the field of public governance,The expected positive value of adhering to "one-body construction" at present and in the future has at least the following four aspects。
First,Universal informatization of government supervision and public service delivery processes、Dataization and even automation,As a whole, it helps to promote administration according to law,Effectively safeguard the vital interests of the broad masses of the people,Enhancing people’s sense of gain and government credibility。Administrative and service processes are more commonly completed online,Human-computer interaction more replaces offline government-civilian interaction,May face criticism of blind pursuit of efficiency,It may even lead to concerns about excessive alienation。But in a large developing country with a vast territory,The "convenience" and "efficiency" of "less legwork" are not dispensable icing on the cake,But the social welfare of real money。What’s more important,Based on the vertical political trust structure of Chinese society - people trust higher-level authorities more than grassroots authorities - negative experiences in the interaction with "street-level bureaucrats",bet365 bonus bets often an important factor leading to the reduction of people’s satisfaction with public governance。Continuous introduction of digital government applications,bet365 bonus bets not aimed at completely replacing the grassroots work team,But it can be based on process automation、The logic of data storage and information transparency,Improve the service efficiency of the latter,And reduce the exercise of its powers、Discretionary space for configuring public resources,This will change the people’s unprofessional attitude towards the operation of grassroots power、Stereotypes that are not uniform or even legal。Similar to the business field,The “last mile” is also a key link that affects user experience in the field of public governance。Although the systems currently launched by some departments are not “easy to use”,But in terms of the direction of reform,Solving the “last mile” problem in the field of public governance,Need and can only rely on information and digital technology。
Secondly,In a situation where the demand for public governance is explosively growing and becoming increasingly complex,Continuous promotion of digitalization is a prerequisite for efficient integration and utilization of scarce public governance resources within the framework of the rule of law。The state’s public powers are dispersed and allocated to different departments under the traditional block structure,At the formal level, it meets the requirements of the rule of law for division of labor and decentralization in a static sense,But bet365 bonus bets not always possible to guarantee the dynamic optimal configuration of supervision and service resources,That is, bet365 bonus bets difficult to achieve when specific institutional needs arise,Transaction costs can be effectively overcome between departments,Perform targeted resource sharing、Integration and reorganization。Under traditional conditions,Every major event、Complex governance issues arise,Multiple departments、Joint law enforcement in multiple places、Comprehensive management often appears in the form of "movement",And it can only appear in this form - bet365 bonus bets difficult to establish a regular collaborative action mechanism based on a higher level of information sharing between various units.。But with the construction and application of infrastructure such as public data systems and government cloud platforms,General、Dynamic and precise collaborative governance truly has the possibility to go beyond “just talking”。Despite measures such as "joint rewards and punishments" in the field of credit supervision,Controversial since its implementation,But looking at it from a structural perspective,bet365 bonus bets on the basis of the initial results achieved in the construction of local and national public credit information platforms,Scarce regulatory and law enforcement resources can be organized on a larger scale beyond departmental boundaries、Valid reconfiguration;The contradiction between “streamlining administration and delegating power” and “effective supervision”,Or the paradox between "if you let it go, it will cause chaos" and "if you control it, you will die",bet365 bonus bets also possible to obtain relief based on this more precise and efficient resource allocation,Thus helping to elevate “integrated construction” to a higher level。
AGAIN,Combined exploration of the practice of digital public governance,China’s information rule of law is more likely to follow a targeted and pragmatic path。As early as nearly two decades ago, our country’s legal community had proposed the establishment of legal systems related to information and data privacy based on foreign countries。But it includes important legislation such as the Personal Information Protection Law and the Data Security Law,The reason why bet365 bonus bets not close to being announced until now when related issues have become a hot topic in society,Not necessarily because of lack of foresight before,bet365 bonus bets more likely to be attributed to the decision-makers’ consideration to avoid hastily binding practice with the “horse method”。Compared to the regime regulating data processing behavior in commercial and social fields,China has always been lacking more,In fact, bet365 bonus bets a system similar to the U.S. Privacy Act that specifically regulates the data processing behavior of public agencies。But in recent years,bet365 bonus bets precisely based on the practice of building a social credit system with the government's systematic processing of personal and corporate information in the field of public governance as its core content,All regions are passing social credit legislation,Established framework regulations on government data processing behavior。Even,Shanghai and other places are taking the opportunity to respond to the actual needs of relevant social entities for “credit repair”,Only start exploring at the substantive level,Design operational methods that can implement data subject rights mechanisms similar to the “right to be forgotten”。
Finally,The advancement of technology application exploration will also guide the direction of the in-depth reform,In particular, it will help decision-makers continue to identify and focus on more challenging top-level design issues in the “integrated construction” process。The obstacles to realizing "good laws and good governance" seem to be numerous,But the difficulty of overcoming bet365 bonus bets not uniform。For example,Under traditional conditions,Popular opinions are greater、bet365 bonus bets difficult to unify laws and regulations that are regarded as an important manifestation of the failure of the rule of law、Problems of strict implementation,The superficial crux is that illegal activities are difficult to detect、The identity of the offender is difficult to identify and authenticate,This type of problem is actually not difficult to solve based on information technology,Really an “easy peach”。However, once strict enforcement is implemented, technology can be used to obtain systematic guarantees,The deeper challenges faced by public governance optimization will be exposed here - policymakers need to re-examine it in conjunction with the new law enforcement model、Set a reasonable expected violation cost (violation liability × law enforcement probability),To avoid excessive deterrence and the attendant rent-seeking risks;Compared to introducing surveillance technology into the law enforcement process,This is a more complex design requirement。Even more subtle is,With the continuous improvement of government data integration,Higher-level decision-makers have a stronger ability to "see the subtle details" than ever before。This will certainly help to enhance supervision and accountability of subordinates,But it will also cause the decision-making pressure on many issues to be transmitted upwards more than before。This change may have an important impact on the operation of the existing division of powers and responsibilities system,Decision makers can use this as an opportunity,From a macro perspective、Long-term perspective,Seeking structural change solutions to deal with it。
Adhere to the rule of bet365 bonus bets in the country、Government under the rule of bet365 bonus bets、Construction of an integrated society under the rule of bet365 bonus bets,Reflects China’s big ideas and overall pattern in pursuing good laws and good governance。Just like other reforms that China has experienced in contemporary times,Public governance innovation based on continuous advancement of technological paths,There are elements of completing modern "make-up lessons" in a short period of time,The nature of new exploration on soil less affected by stereotypes。Based on expectations of its positive value,Although related exploration practices will face greater difficulties and more controversies now and in the future,But its direction and path are worth continuing。
(The author is an associate professor at Peking University bet365 bonus bets School)
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