China in China，After the Mongolians for nearly a century of Western and Southern Expeditions，Become the "Six Contract Wind，Kyushu Congguan "(Xu Youren's" Unification of the Unification ") of the Great Unification Dynasty。With the large -scale extension of the sea and land Silk Road，All countries along the Silk Road are "unwilling to support Yugongchen，To cultivate civil duties; Jishan navigation，Yitong Interchange City "(Wang Dayuan's" Tao Yizhi ")，At the same time，The cognition of China along the Silk Road also further deepen China。In this period of Chinese and foreign discipline literature，There are many works related to the Silk Road Expansion，vividly reflects the style of this historical period。

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The 13th century is a period of major changes in the world pattern: on the one hand，Mongolians fight for many years，"Pacific Western Regions，Pingxi Xia，Destroyer True，Chen Gaoli，Dingnan，Sui Xia Jiangnan "(" Yuan History · Geography 1 ")，East、Western world therefore "Between Between Between Ryo -Bargain" (Yu Ji "Ke Ting Ji")，Obstacles have been broken to a great extent; on the other hand，Mongolians attach great importance to the construction of the station: "Every station，Lu is a horses and cows，or donkey，or car，while the water is the boat "，and the role played by the Yuan Dynasty station also depends on the previous generation as Sheng: "So the Avairy Aviation Bida，Haiyu Together，Tianxia of the yuan，The predecessor is very prosperous。"(" Yuan Shi · Bingzhi 4 ")

Marco Polo's dense to the Yuan Dynasty station in his travel、Convenience、Comfortable description gives a very detailed bet365 best casino games description: "It is called the station (IAMB)，Just as what I call a horses, the post biography。There is a large and rich mansion per post，The ministers stay here，The house is full of beautiful couch，Shang Chen silk quilt，All the things that all envoys need are prepared。Let a king come here，It will be quite appropriate for seeing the room。"(Feng Chengjun's translation of" Marco Polo ") The convenience of the station allows the interconnection between China from the 13th and 14th centuries of China，People in that period deeply said: "洎 洎 洎，Senior Teaching Graduation，Senior Teaching Graduation，No Borders in Xinjiang。Shuo Nan's fame and fortune，Those who are thousands of miles are in the house of the house，Those who are thousands of miles are like your next door。"" (Wang Li "Yizhi") The diverse style and culture "鴂 tongue snail hair，Noodle Eagle Questions，Dedication of Mastiff Effects Horse，Gongxiang into the rhino "，"Sanxant of the Gate of the Gate"，People can "not leave the house and eight barbarians and nine Yi"。(Huang Wenzhong "Dadu Fu")

　　Update the cognition of the heterogeneous cultural circle

Under the background of the large -scale expansion of the Silk Road，The world of the 13th century is no longer a piece of iron plate。On the one hand，The Yuan Dynasty is across Eurasia，The four major cultural circles coexisted from east to the west of Eurasia (East Asia centered on the Chinese cultural circle、Islamic cultural circle in Central Asia and West Asia、The Indian cultural circle of South Asia and the Christian cultural circle of the East China Sea and Europe are all related to China。On the other hand，The outside world's cognition of China has changed greatly during the world drama.。China has gradually developed into a Mongolian、Khitan people、Multi -ethnic powers of many ethnic minorities bet365 best casino games and other ethnic minorities。

"I started the northwest country in the Yuan Dynasty，and the Western Regions first attached，Therefore, it is especially used for the stalks of the Chinese people。"" (Xu Youren's "The Messenger of the Western Regions") accompanied by the Mongolian West Expedition，The western regions move to China in a large scale，This greatly promotes the communication and integration of the Arab Islamic cultural circle and China。So in the metropolis city，The grand scene of the Western Regions celebrated the Gurbang Festival: "The God of Gaochang wears the head，Fighting sword ride on the sheep is fierce。October 13th Peter，Luo Portuguese Cake Congxian Festival。"(Zhang Yu's" Steak Song ") also has a true description of the Western Regions' Zhai Zhai Zhai:" Hua Gen Qi Qianyue's Eyebrows，Two heads towards the west ceremony circle。Two heads towards the west ceremony circle，Calling Ayi "(Zhang Yu's" Steame ")，etc.。Those religious places that spread all over the country and different religious customs have continuously affected the cultural concepts of Chinese natives。

In the field of literature，The so -called "Xing of the Yuan Dynasty，Northwest Children，Tailing as a horizontal classics，Conservation is deep，Different talented ... can also be described as extremely prosperous! "(Gu Yili" Yuan Shi Choi · Wu Ji Sa Samsi ") The large number of writers of the Western Regions have emerged as the Yuan Dynasty literature and added a very unique landscape。At the same time，Kublai Khan's younger brother Xu Liewu established is closely related to the Yuan Dynasty，And the Arab Islamic cultural circle has further deepened China: "Katan (Khitan)、Qin (North China)、Mo Qin (Southern China) and the works adjacent to other countries have never been introduced here，Even if there are occasional passing，No bet365 Play online games one translates it，We can not appreciate the wonderful use of various mechanical appliances they invented，Can't understand them based on personal experience、The environment of life and your own nature, the obtained insights and conclusions of many difficult problems。"(La Shit's" Book of Treasures or Chinese Medicine ") Based on this concept，Relations with frequent exchanges with China，Chinese medicine、Agriculture、Paper -making、Printing、Guide needle technology, etc.，Translation consciously through upper -level literati such as La Shite、Communication，It was widely introduced to Central Asia、West Asian countries and regions，Finally spread to the West，This has an important impact on the development of the world。

13-14 century，The Christian cultural circle also uses the opening of the sea, land and Silk Road，Open the process of "West to the East"。From the early arrival of the Fangji of Mongolia and Lin, the missionary Berlang guest of Berlang to Montegovino、Edorke、Marinoli，Then to businessman Marco Polo, etc.，The experience of missionaries and merchants in contact with the Mongolians and reached China and their narrative，Make Europeans' cognition of "China" gradually moved from legendary expression to the real world。"The residents there were often called Seres in ancient times。The best silk material produced there，This kind of silk material is called Seric according to the name of this nation.，And this nation is obtained by the name of Serez because of the name of their city "。(Dawson edited "The Mongolian Mongolian Ji Ru Buru Begging Tour"

In the eyes of Westerners at the time，Hangzhou "the largest city in the world" (translated "Ho Gaoji" "Oto Crich's East Tour")，"Except for the dense shops on both sides of the street，There are ten large squares or market markets "，"On the trading day on Wednesday, each market，There are 450,000 Bet365 lotto review people to catch up，They can buy all the products needed in the market "，"These ten markets are surrounded by High House，The bottom floor of the building is the shop，​​Management of various products，Sell various goods，Including spices、medicinal materials、Small accessories and pearls, etc.。(Yu Qianfan translated "Marco Polo Tour") to a certain extent，The arrival of the Era of the Great Navigation、Civilization awakening in the Western world is fate in the curiosity and exploration of East China，Or more directly, it is the envy of Chinese wealth，and like Marco Polo、Edodrich and others left a detailed description after traveling to China，It plays an important role in promoting this。

　　Strengthen the identity of the homogeneous cultural circle

13-14 century，East Asia Cultural Circle on the basis of the Song Dynasty，Extension and further expansion。East is North Korea、Japan，Southeast is Vietnam and South、East of Southeast Asian countries，The southwest includes the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau and the Yunnan -Guizhou Plateau in China，East of the Pamir Plateau in the west，To the north, cross the Mongolian grassland to the Siberian forest，Northeast reaches the inside and outside Xing'an Ridge。Chinese writing and acquisition not only include Han literati，also includes Korean、Annan、The author of the country and the country。In these Southeast Asian countries，Reading Chinese classic works，Communicate and write in Chinese，Is an important symbol of the upper cultural circle。Especially Korean，Chen Travel, Minister of the Yuan Dynasty, pointed out，Korean people believe that the imperial examinations that can be admitted to the Yuan Dynasty are more glorious than the Ke Shi of the Ben Dynasty: "Jin Gallon is self -official，And its Xiumin often uses the family to set up the country and its country，Bet365 app download Gu Fu has come to try the Beijing Master thousands of miles for thousands of miles，Covering in its country，It is not as honored by the courts of the courts。"(Chen Journal's" Sending Li Zhong Father's Promotion of the East ") Goryeo writers also have poetry cloud" I want to travel to the country from the public，Anneng Yu is in the desert "(Zheng Zhongfu's" Sending the Father Li Hanlin to the North "，Reflected the admiration and identity of the Korean culture for Chinese culture。

After the unification of Jiangnan，The Yuan Dynasty inherited the overseas heritage of the Southern Song Dynasty，The South China Sea、Indian Ocean into the dynasty development system，Coupled with the high attachment and identity of the people in the Western Regions to the Yuan Dynasty regime，to the end of the 13th century，From China to Iran、The sea area of ​​Arabia and the overall sea road that pass through，The influence of the Yuan Dynasty regime。"Ma Ba'er、Xumen Na、Monk urgency、South weak、Malanan、That Wang、Ding Ha'er、Come here、Speed ​​Lang also band、Su Mu Duzheng ten kingdoms，Each of the children will be here，Still Gongfang "(" Yuan Shi · Shizu Benji 11 ")，This further deepen the South Asia radiated by the Indian cultural circle、Division and identification with China in Southeast Asia。Like Ma Baer Kingdom (now the East Coast of the South India) on the Indian Ocean, "enough to the program" ("Yuan History · Waiyi 3")，and the prince 孛 Harry settled in China，and the prince 孛 Harry settled in China、Zongqi、Hometown，With a hundred people with a hundred people，偕 入 觐 觐 觐 "(Liu Minzhong's" Gao Zi Dr. Dr. Zhongshu Zhongshu, right to discuss Fujian and other places to pretend to be a man of Ronglu, the empty view of Ronglu, ")，Since then as an official in the Yuan Dynasty。

Overall，Between 13-14 centuries，The Mongolians bet365 live casino games have opened up the mutual cognitive Silk Road for people in the Eastern and Western worlds，And China also uses the Mongolians' vigorous development of the sea, land and the Silk Road and its station construction，Interacting with the world frequently，This not only made the ancient imagination of "China" imagined in the hearts of people in the world，Chinese Culture、Literature is also rich and brilliant because of its own openness。

(This article is the National Social Science Foundation's major bidding project "13-14 century Silk Road Disciplinary Literature Literature Collection and Research" (17zda256) phased results)

(Author Unit: Jiangnan Cultural Research Center of Zhejiang Normal University)