The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899 caused China to encounter “a major change unprecedented in thousands of years”，Completely changed the pattern of East Asia and even the world。The defeat bet365 coupon code Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899 declared that the Westernizationist dream of “self-improvement and wealth” was shattered，The enlightenment trend of national salvation and the vigorous rise bet365 coupon code reform movement，The ideological concepts of Chinese writers and the structure bet365 coupon code Chinese literary world also underwent major changes at this time。Kang Youwei、Yan Fu、Huang Zunxian、Tan Sitong、Liang Qichao and other reformers entered the literary world，Reflect and criticize traditional thoughts and literary principles，Calling for new changes in literature。"Literary Revolution", "Poetry Revolution", "Novel Revolution" and the Vernacular Movement, etc.，All clues are revealed at this time。

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Changes in the Sino-Japanese War，Kang Youwei, a Juren from Guangdong Province, took the lead in initiating the "letter on the bus"，Become the spiritual leader bet365 coupon code reformists。The article drafted by Kang Youwei was not published but was copied throughout the country、Shocking Shilin、"Letter to the Bus" which was widely spread at home and abroad，Please pray for 40 million people in the way of a scholar writing tens of thousands of words，Using the "Gongyang Three Worlds Theory" of Jinwen Jingxue to interpret the evolution of human society，Propose a whole set of politics、Economy、Military、Culture、Education and Social Customs Reform Plan。This article is filled with a strong desire and high confidence in China's prosperity after the reform，Has the dual qualities of ideological enlightenment and stylistic innovation。Kang Youwei’s political commentary、Emotional and literary political articles，Pansal and informal，Blend of Chinese and Western styles，Break all sects and traditions in style，In terms of language style, there is a school of "popular classical Chinese"，Developing a new style of political literature，The forerunner bet365 coupon code "literary revolution"。

1895，Xiu Yan Fu, the chief instructor bet365 coupon code Beiyang Naval Academy, felt the pain of losing his troops during the Sino-Japanese War，Relying on Tianjin's "Zhibao", he published political articles such as "On the Urgency of World Change", "Yuan Qiang", "Decision to Save the Nation", and "Bi Han" that shocked the times，Criticizing current affairs，Defamation and autocracy，Criticizing old learning，Advocate Western learning，Praise for the scientific method that eliminates hypocrisy，Praise the democratic system of self-sacrifice for the public good，Looking to the Western world for the truth in solving China’s problems，Prescribe a prescription that treats both the symptoms and the root cause to save the nation，Issuing a heartfelt warning to the people bet365 coupon code country with the sound of thunder that "if the law is not changed, it will perish"，With great vigor, we look forward to the beautiful vision of China and European countries becoming richer than stronger，A strong wind of change is blowing in the stagnant ideological and literary circles。

Stimulated by the defeat bet365 coupon code Sino-Japanese War，Yan Fu was regarded by people of his time as "the first-class figure in our country in both middle school and Western learning"，Confirmed that the foundation bet365 coupon code strength bet365 coupon code Thai and Western countries lies in their academic ideas。He worked hard to translate "Tianyan Lun"，Introducing Western evolutionary ideas into China，And combine natural selection with China’s national conditions、The superior wins and the inferior loses、The truth of survival bet365 coupon code fittest，Provided important theoretical weapons for the reform and reform，During the period of national crisis, it greatly stimulated the Chinese people’s awareness of national survival。The introduction of evolutionary thought，Became an important turning point in the new changes in Chinese academic thought in modern times。Yan Fu’s Tongcheng-style “Tianyan Lun”，What is regarded as Tongcheng ancient prose has changed over time、A landmark achievement of opening up new territories。With the spread of "The Theory of Heavenly Evolution"，The theory of evolution has become the dominant idea in China’s intellectual circles，Influenced and even dominated the thinking of several generations of Chinese people。Meanwhile，China’s concepts of language and literature have also undergone major changes，More and more knowledgeable people affirm the historical view of literary evolution，Regard this as the development and evolution trend of world literature including Chinese literature。

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　Autumn and winter of 1895，Diplomat Huang Zunxian who served as counselor bet365 coupon code embassy in Japan for four years，Published "Japanese Chronicle" to the world through a private bookstore in Guangzhou，Fashionable。This book bet365 coupon code world was finalized eight years ago，Want to record the achievements of Japan’s Meiji Restoration in the form of history books，Euphemistically expresses the author’s thoughts on saving time and his ambition to make use bet365 coupon code world。After the transcript was submitted to the Prime Minister’s Yamen and Li Hongzhang and other important officials bet365 coupon code court，Being shelved for a long time。The Sino-Japanese War bet365 coupon code Sino-Japanese War、After Shimonoseki signed the contract，The belated publication of "Japanese National Chronicle"，Suffering a heavy blow to national self-confidence、For Chinese people who are eager to understand Japan but have no place to study，It’s like being thirsty for a sweet spring。In "Japanese National Chronicles·Academic Chronicles 2·Literature"，Huang Zunxian refers to the experience bet365 coupon code Japanese Mandarin Movement，Clearly put forward the idea of ​​"unity of words and words"，Pointed out the "applicable to today" for the reform of Chinese language and characters，The modernization of "popular"、Social path，Theoretical precursor bet365 coupon code late Qing Dynasty and the May Fourth Vernacular Movement。

After the Sino-Japanese War，Liang Qichao became famous all over the world for his writing work for Shanghai's "Current Affairs News"，His articles are called "Current Affairs Style"，The initial stage of becoming Liang’s newspaper’s “new style”。"Current Affairs News" period，Liang Qichao said that "prophet is responsible"，The passion and belief that you will be responsible for your future success，Compare the "Gongyang III Theory" of Jinwen Jingxue and the ideological essence of Western evolution，The overall situation bet365 coupon code world's countries and the old empire "changes too"，The principle of change even if it doesn’t change，Don’t worry about talking、A detailed analysis will be given to readers；The foundation of reform lies in cultivating talents、The rise of talents is changing the logic bet365 coupon code imperial examination，To make things simple、The passionate and unrestrained newspaper style spread all over the country，Certainly “the whole country is following the trend”，The reading effect of "like drinking from a fountain"。While Liang Qichao became the darling bet365 coupon code public opinion community，His extensive collection of new knowledge、A mixture of white and white text、Easy and accessible、Emotional "Current Affairs Style"，It also opened a new era of "newspaper prosperity" in modern China。

Around 1896，Xia Zengyou who lives in the capital、Tan Sitong、Liang Qichao, three reformers who are keen on "new learning"，Likes to use "new poetry" to express one's own outlook on the universe and life，Created a batch of "new poems" that "interpret new terms to express differences"。The "new learning" they advertise，By reading pre-Han Dynasty classics and books、Western books translated by missionaries in China，A mixture of three elements plus personal subjective ideals。The "new poetry" they tried，Contains the spiritual magnanimity bet365 coupon code Illuminati to break through the trap of "old learning" thoughts，Exhibits new-school poets using new terms to express new ideas、Efforts to create a new artistic conception，And the trend of innovation and novelty that breaks through the traditional norms of poetry。1897，Huang Zunxian calls his collection of poems "New School Poems" in the poem "Compilation and Editing by Zeng Zhongbo"。This person has the ambition to "create a new world of poetry"、New-school poet who "sings to the heavens beyond China"，With "my hand writes my mouth，How can ancient times be restrained?" innovative thinking and "There are people in poems，The poetic pursuit of "something outside poetry"，Created a large number of new-style poems that "used old style with new artistic conception" before and after the Sino-Japanese War，Poems such as "Sorrow for Pyongyang", "Sorrow for Lushun", "Crying for Weihai" and "Book of Anger" record the events bet365 coupon code Sino-Japanese War and national emotions in the poetic history bet365 coupon code national crisis and the history bet365 coupon code nation's heart。Huang Zunxian’s “New School Poetry” Practice and Xia、Tan、Liang’s attempt at “new poetry”，Provided mirrors and ideas for Liang Qichao’s subsequent “poetry revolution”，Became the forerunner and prelude bet365 coupon code revolutionary movement in the poetry world bet365 coupon code late Qing Dynasty。

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After the Sino-Japanese War，“Enlightening people’s wisdom” has become the consensus bet365 coupon code intellectual community，Not only vernacular literature and vernacular newspapers have become a trend，The speaking department that was previously regarded as a "small path"，Also highly valued by the reformists，Station has been rapidly improved。around 1896，Kang Youwei searched the Japanese bibliography for the method of success bet365 coupon code Meiji Restoration，And wrote "Japanese Bibliography"，To point out the shortcut for Chinese people to use Japanese translation of Western books。Kang Youwei lists "novel" as a separate category in this book，Stated in "Shiyu" that "the Six Classics cannot be taught，Teach them through novels；Official history cannot be entered，It should be included in novels；Quotations cannot be enunciated，It should be informed by novels；Legal regulations cannot cure，We should treat it with novels”，Promote the concept of "Taishi Yulon Fiction"，Be the first to recognize novels as an important part of Western learning。1897，Yan Fu、Xia Zengyou published a long article in Tianjin's "Guo Wen Bao" "The Origin bet365 coupon code Department with a Seal"，Detailed analysis bet365 coupon code rise of China’s “Speaking Department”，It’s so profound that it penetrates people，The world is far away，The reasons and current situation are almost out of scripture and history，Find out "the customs bet365 coupon code world，Therefore, it is inevitably the conclusion held by the Ministry of Education，Proclaims "Europe, America and Japan，The time of enlightenment，Often with the help of novels”。Reformers realize the large number of readers of Chinese novels，But severely criticize its content of "teaching, stealing and indecency"，Intention to use modern European, American and Japanese novels as examples，Reconstructing Chinese New Novels，Make it an enlightening people's wisdom、Xinmin De、A weapon to encourage people’s power。This opinion，The beginning bet365 coupon code "revolution in the novel world"。

After the Sino-Japanese War，The distinction between the old and the new in the world of academic thought and literature is gradually becoming clear。Spurred by the reality bet365 coupon code spread of Western learning to the east and the national crisis，Kang Youwei、Yan Fu、Huang Zunxian、Liang Qichao、Xia Zengyou、Tan Sitong, a new scholar and new-school writer，Has been transformed from traditional scholar-bureaucrats into modern intellectuals。They take the initiative to seek the truth to save the country from the West，Having the consciousness to transform traditional Chinese culture with Western civilization ideas，And disseminating new knowledge through literature、The ideological enlightenment motivation to civilize the people。They take the vanguard attitude of breaking through all "snares"，Using the new media of modern newspapers and periodicals，With novel ideas、Excited emotions、New style articles and new poetry for stylistic liberation，Violently criticize the feudal autocracy and Gangchang Mingjiao，Warmly advocate civil rights thoughts and new learning trends，Having impacted and cleansed away the thousand-year-old concepts of “Tao Tong”, “Wen Tong” and “Poetry”。They are in the age of intellectual famine，At first I left this shore but never came to the other shore、A transitional era with no end to both sides，Pioneering spirit and sense of exploration to abandon the old and welcome the new，Written the first cadenza of ideological enlightenment and literary innovation。

After the Sino-Japanese War，Each component bet365 coupon code Chinese literary system，Such as author identity、Literary concept、Ideological Norms、language style、Method of communication、Aesthetic orientation, etc.，All have undergone important new changes to varying degrees。The curtain has begun on the comprehensive transformation bet365 coupon code Chinese literary system。

(bet365 coupon code unit: College of Liberal Arts, Henan University)