As a foreign literary concept，Tragedy really enters China，Only a hundred years before and after。During a century，The concept of modern Chinese tragedy will accept the tragic tradition of the Western Yuan Dynasty.、Discipline。Although there are many twists and turns and ups and downs,，but finally self -contained，A "China" literary concept that is different from Western tragedy，At the same time，"Modern" literary concepts that are different from traditional Chinese tragedy opera。A dynamic、Open vision review、Analysis of the acceptance of tragedy in China、Growth status，It is not difficult to discover the occurrence of the concept of modern Chinese tragedy、Development，Although different style characteristics are presented at different stages，But it is continuously promoting inside，and hidden trace can follow。If the phased and theoretical cognition of the development of modern tragedy in China、Creation Practice、Social conditions、Context of the times, etc.，Then the occurrence of its inner route comes from the awakening of tragedy consciousness。and，Road and phase，In fact, one mile and one table，The two are each other。

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Study as a literary concept，"What is tragedy?"。For such a topical topic，I don’t plan to start an analysis here，I just want to reiterate the two core aspects of the tragic concept，Because this is exactly the inner development path of Chinese modern tragedy。

Zhu Guangqian once said，Nietzsche's "The Birth of Tragedy" is "the best book from a philosopher to discuss tragedy"。One of the reasons is that Nietzsche's tragedy concept is neither pessimistic，It is not an optimism，but a combination of the contradiction between bet365 live casino games the two，Integrate "the original suffering of the wine god into the bright glory of the sun god"。From Zhu Guangqian's view，This is a great achievement of Nietzsche。The reason is，The tragedy shows us，This is the natural nature with two sides。Because tragedy is the darkness of life、Destiny injustice and other unwillingness; at the same time，Tragedy always has resistance to suffering，For tragic characters，The most unforgivable thing is cowardice and exchanges。From the perspective of concept，Zhu Guangqian's comment or Nietzsche's seemingly contradictory combination，The two most basic levels of the tragedy: the tragedy consciousness and the tragedy spirit of the tragedy of human survival dilemma。

Tragedy consciousness is like the kernel of tragedy，It reflects the philosophical thinking of tragedy; the spirit of tragedy is like the soul in this kernel，Show the depth of human nature of tragedy。It is manifested in specific tragedy works，If the inevitability of tragedy conflicts and irreplaceable metaphors show the depth and strength of the reflection of tragedy consciousness，So the reasonable requirements of the tragic figure on human nature，Their persistence pursuit、Action and even destruction，It shows the spiritual height and human charm of tragedy。In this sense,，Each classic tragedy work，It's a philosophical poem，Deep thinking and tragic mood is its basic style -starting from the ultimate care of people's survival，Blooming at the metaphysical thinking and lofty human spirit bloom。So，It is not enough to show a deep tragedy consciousness.，Whether a dedicated tragedy spirit is also an indispensable condition。But among the two，Awakening of tragedy consciousness is obviously the most basic premise。

From this perspective，Although there are not many dramatic works that are really tragedy，But it is undeniable that，Bet365 lotto review Its modern tragedy consciousness shows a continuous、Positive development trend，from outside to inside、From bottom to top、From society to individual、From reality to spirit，Continuous expansion、Deep。As for the tragedy spirit, the author's demands are different and the artistic performance of the work is different，Show different texture and mood。So，Among the two，The constant awakening and development of modern tragedy consciousness as the foundation，It has become the best testimony and inner road of the concept of modern tragedy in modern Chinese tragedy in China，The concept of modern tragedy in China、Every stage of development。

　　Convergence of worries and aesthetics

Looking at it from the outside style，The century -old journey of the concept of modern tragedy in China presents obvious stagedness，Each stage has different tendencies and characteristics。Based on its inner route and external tendency，It can be divided into three stages -the opening of the concept of modern tragedy、Leader of the concept of realism tragedy、Mature and Shen Qian in the concept of modern tragedy。

The first stage can be called the opening of the concept of modern tragedy，Time span is from the early 20th century to the 1930s。This is the concept of modern Chinese tragedy burst from various views、Crash into the system、Diversity and gradual one -dimensional stage，The most active and most complicated。The "opening" of the so -called modern tragedy concept contains dual direction: both refers to the germination of China's "modern" tragedy concept、Starting，It also refers to the birth of tragic works in the sense of modern survival。

First of all, the modern occurrence of theory and creation。The modern occurrence of the concept of Chinese literature is both a breakthrough in traditional literature，More deeply affected by the social environment at that time，Therefore，On the one hand, the aesthetic independence of literature is thirsty for literature，Bet365 app download On the other hand, the mission of creating a nation -state is always lingering in the heart。Tragedy is introduced here，Its acceptance also inevitably shows the dual appeal of politics and aesthetics，and its unique artistic effect of infected people，In particular, it has attracted much attention。

At that time，The dominant tendency of various theories about tragedy is nothing more than two types: one is to respect the artistic effect of tragedy infection with people，To Jiang Guanyun、Hu Shi、Xiong Foxi, etc. representatives; the second is to emphasize the aesthetic attributes of tragedy，Although the purpose is to follow life with aesthetics，But it shows a sober and conscious modern tragedy consciousness，It has pioneering significance，Emperor Wang Guowei、Xu Zhimo and other interpretations as representatives。Creation is also the same，At that time, there are two main types of tragedy works: one is a direct reflection of tragedy as a direct reflection of social reality; the other is to reflect on the existence of individuals in society。The former is a variety of realistic social problems drama with the beginning of Chunliu Opera Society，and Guo Moruo、Wang Duqing's early historical tragedy is represented; the latter is led by Lu Xun's poem drama "Passenger"，Similar to Tian Han's romantic drama。If the former breaks the traditional reunion consciousness，So the latter conveys the life、Existence、Direct thinking of death，All show the awakening and growth of the tragedy consciousness。

Followed by the beginning of modern tragedy classic。The 1930s，The emergence of Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm" not only announced the birth of Chinese modern tragedy，It also created the first peak of China's modern tragedy，and become a representative work that concentrates the concept of modern Chinese tragedy。Observation and compassion for the survival of "people"，Is Cao Yu's attention、Center of Bet365 lotto review Reflection。"Thunderstorm" question survival due to worrying about the world，Beyond the traditional，No kind of tragedy of existentialism in the West。Its modern anxiety is due to the blindness of the lives of the people of the world，instead of the origin of the existence of human existence，So，The anxiety of fear and the contemplation of life become the main effect of it to the audience，No big reunion，Not a complete destruction。So，It is a "harmonious" creation，Is really belonging to China、belonging to modern，is a new、Tragedy and tragedy consciousness of self -containing。

Taking into account both theory and creation

The second stage of realist tragedy concept is independent，The time span is from the 1940s to the early 1980s。This is the stage of the concept of modern Chinese tragedy in the mainstream of realism and continuous development。There is Guo Moruo's society -the independent side of the historical tragedy，Later, there is a single show of Marxist tragedy。

Guo Moruo's historical tragedy in the 1940s is another peak in the history of modern tragedy in China，It is also a representative of the type of realism tragedy in China。Based on tragedy，History realism、The ancient metaphor is the basic idea of ​​Guo Moruo's historical tragedy。His drama is through "crash seeing"，The logic and spirit of strengthening historical development，Build a tragedy conflict、Shape the tragic character，and the heroic image with a complete personality，From the political level to the ethical level，Make it transmit the moving humanity of humanity under the real theme。From this，Its works also do not allow the concept of tragedy to introduce the most influence on the mainstream of realism in the future、The most native model work，While using Marxist tragedy in the image，It will also be tragedy and society、The concept of the trinity of history is deeply rooted in people's hearts。

bet365 Play online games After 1949，Creative principles based on realism，The literary and art circles have conducted many discussions on tragedy。Discussion on tragedy caused by Lao She's "On Tragedy" and "About Tragedy"，Then to systematically analyze the systematic analysis of the tragedy of Engels and the reconstruction of the tragedy concept，and various systems related to tragedy -related research。These are both a comprehensive cognition of the concept of socialist tragedy，It is also a collation and reorganization of real appeal hidden in this style when the tragedy was introduced in China at the beginning of China，laid a solid theoretical basis for the further development of the concept of modern tragedy in China。

The third stage is the maturity of the concept of modern tragedy、Shen Qian，The time is from the end of the 1970s to the present。This is the concept of modern Chinese tragedy to mature、The stage where the sinking dive。During this period，The concept of modern Chinese tragedy first shows a situation of comprehensive deepening and active exploration，After that, it tends to calm down and sink，There are not many works in the creation，But the theoretical discussion is continuing to be in -depth。

The late 1970s to the 1980s，Chinese tragedy theory research is becoming increasingly systematic and diversified，System or special research works are constantly emerging; novel creation is for reality、The perspective and questioning of life，Also inadvertently the growth status of Chinese modern tragedy consciousness has been outlined，and witnessed its increasingly deepening。Theoretical discussion and creative practice echo two phases，Achievements，Excellent works such as "Grandpa Nirvana" and "Sangshiping Chronicle" appeared。but，After entering the 1990s，Affected by entertainment and impact，The tragedy known for seriousness is becoming more silent。but but，In a sense，This silence is actually a bet365 live casino games kind of active retreat，It is a silent forward in the hustle and bustle of carnival，Deeper to the depths of consciousness to explore the existence of modern humans、Survival situation，It is the power to accumulate further development in Shen Qian。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Anhui Normal University)