General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his important speech at the conference celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China，“Once the Communist Party of China was born，Just seek happiness for the Chinese people、Establishing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as one’s original mission”。He emphasized，In the new journey in the future，Must “adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly”，“Practice people-centered development ideas”。Back on October 15, 2014，General Secretary Xi Jinping’s “Speech at the Forum on bet365 bonus code louisiana and Art Work” has profoundly elaborated on the relationship between bet365 bonus code louisiana and art and the people，Emphasize the people’s orientation in literary and artistic creation、People’s coordinates of the development of bet365 bonus code louisiana and art。From the perspective of literary career development，Our literary creation must adhere to the people-centered creative orientation，The people must be the subject of expression，We must have a clear people’s consciousness。In this sense，The reason why realist bet365 bonus code louisiana is full of vitality，The most fundamental reason is that it has strong people’s feelings and consciousness。Therefore，Carrying forward the fine tradition of realism is an important way for the literary cause to practice "people-centered development thinking"。

　　The guidance of Marxist bet365 bonus code louisiana theory

“Realism” as a literary term，It can refer to literary concepts、Creation method、Writing spirit、Critical Standards、Aesthetic principles or artistic values, etc.，But it is first of all a literary trend，The aforementioned titles are all extended or derived from the realist literary trend。Realism as a literary trend emerged and became popular in Europe in the 19th century，Later spread widely in the world literary world，Becoming an extremely important literary phenomenon in the history of world bet365 bonus code louisiana。Marx and Engels in their time，Pay close attention to and explain the essence of realist bet365 bonus code louisiana，Played an important role in the spread and development of realism。More than a hundred years，Among many foreign literary schools of thought，Realism has spread most deeply and widely in the fields of bet365 bonus code louisiana and culture in my country，The reason，In addition to being closely related to China’s unique cultural expectations and social and historical situation，It is also directly related to the leadership of Marx and Engels on the theoretical discourse of realism。

Marx and Engels were inclined to realist bet365 bonus code louisiana in their youth。Overview of their discussions on bet365 bonus code louisiana and art，Realistic literary works are the most widely covered and concentrated ones，They have a special liking for the works of writers with literary realism and realistic tendencies。Marx admired Balzac very much，I have expressed more than once that I want to write a review article on Balzac's "Human Comedy"，The reason lies in Balzac’s extraordinary artistic talent， “Reflecting an entire era with a poetic mirror”。Engels mentioned it in a letter to Lau Lafargue in 1883，He read Balzac’s works while he was ill，Gained great satisfaction from this outstanding master of realist bet365 bonus code louisiana。He believes that Balzac’s works reflect the history of France from 1815 to 1848，Bivola Bell、Kappfinger、Louis Blanc’s oeuvre contains much more，There is also a great revolutionary dialectic in his poetic judgment。Marx and Engels spoke highly of 19th century realist bet365 bonus code louisiana in their letters such as "To Ferdinand Lassalle", "To Margaret Harkness" and "To Minna Kautsky"。For example，Engels when referring to writers such as Eugène Sue and Dickens，Think that their creations show social and historical features，Praising them as “truly a sign of the times”。

The reason why Marx and Engels had a soft spot for realism，A very important reason is，In the mid-19th century，Like bet365 bonus code louisiana writers, they are particularly concerned about human liberation and the fate of the people in an environment where the internal contradictions of capitalism are increasingly intensifying。The living conditions of people in capitalist society，Especially the status and situation of the working class，Is the focus issue shared by Marx, Engels and bet365 bonus code louisiana writers，It is also the common growth point of their social criticism and revolutionary spirit。Highly concerned about practical issues，Maked 19th century bet365 bonus code louisiana writers to focus on human sociality、Class (class) gender，Consciously describing the lower classes of capitalist society，This is one of the important reasons why Marx and Engels paid special attention to his works。

Under the historical conditions at that time，Engels believed that realist bet365 bonus code louisiana should describe the real relationships in capitalist society，Express the essence of the working class、Historical status and historical role。He made this clear in his review of Carl Beck's poem "Poor Man's Song"，Advanced bet365 bonus code louisiana and art should "praise the stubborn"、The powerful and revolutionary proletariat”。Marx and Engels emphasized in "The German Ideology" that new bet365 bonus code louisiana and art should express the "image of the new man" - the working class - with the goal of realizing human liberation。Marx spoke highly of Russian realist writers who paid special attention to describing the fate of "little people"，He praised Chernyshevsky in "Das Kapital" as "the great Russian scholar and critic"。Marx and Engels’ admiration for writers such as Dickens and Thackeray，It is also related to these writers’ true descriptions of the people at the bottom。Anyway，Marx and Engels fully affirmed and spoke highly of realist bet365 bonus code louisiana，Reflects the remarkable people's sentiments in Marx and Engels's literary and artistic thoughts、People’s consciousness。

　The new form of realist bet365 bonus code louisiana discourse

Before and after the May 4th Movement，Various literary trends in Europe and America have been introduced to our country，The synchronic presentation of literary trends and literary discourse that have given rise to various tendencies and forms in the local literary world。However, with the changes in social and political situations and the subjective choice of local literary circles and academic circles against foreign ideological trends，After a short period of debate and focus，Realism soon became mainstream，Realist bet365 bonus code louisiana and literary theory discourse have become dominant in the literary world。For a long time thereafter，The connotation of realism is constantly changing，Influence continues to grow。

During the May Fourth Period，“Human bet365 bonus code louisiana”, “civilian bet365 bonus code louisiana” and “bet365 bonus code louisiana for life”，Is the core discourse of local realist bet365 bonus code louisiana。Criticism of national character by realist writers represented by Lu Xun，The purpose is to awaken the people、Transform and strengthen his mental body，This is a unique expression of the people’s consciousness in their literary creation。The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921，With the growing influence of Marxism in China，Marxist literary and artistic ideas have also been widely disseminated。Li Dazhao、Chen Duxiu、Deng Zhongxia、Xiao Chunu、Yun Daiying, Mao Dun and other early Chinese Communists in the process of advocating revolutionary bet365 bonus code louisiana，Preliminary introduction to the realism theory of Marx and Engels。1930s，Left-wing literary and art circles advocate the popularization of bet365 bonus code louisiana and art，Making local realism spread and develop in a new form in the literary and theoretical circles。The publication of Mao Zedong’s “Speech at the Yan’an Forum on bet365 bonus code louisiana and Art” in 1942，It has established an inseparable flesh-and-blood relationship between people’s consciousness and our country’s realist literary creation and literary theoretical discourse。

Mao Zedong’s “Speech at the Yan’an Forum on bet365 bonus code louisiana and Art” emphasized that bet365 bonus code louisiana and art serve the broad masses of the people，The basic purpose of serving “workers, peasants and soldiers” first，This has promoted the acceptance and spread of realist bet365 bonus code louisiana in China to a certain extent，And bring our country’s realist creation and theory into a new stage。The literary direction and purpose emphasized by Mao Zedong，Inherits the literary essence of "for life" of realism during the May 4th period in my country，It is also in line with the social situation at that time and the need for bet365 bonus code louisiana to serve the people、The expectation to relieve the nation’s worries。The core of "for life" is to enlighten people's wisdom、Disclosure of social darkness and national mental illness，Save the people、The nation and country are in dire straits。In the 1930s and 1940s，Salvation and enlightenment are closely related to the safety of the nation and the people，bet365 bonus code louisiana and art for the people、The pursuit of values ​​for workers, peasants and soldiers，It is also a manifestation of the "for life" spirit under the new situation，It is a manifestation of "human bet365 bonus code louisiana", "civilian bet365 bonus code louisiana" and literary humane feelings，It is also a highlight of people’s consciousness。Mao Zedong emphasized the relationship between writers and real life、bet365 bonus code louisiana reflects real life，Embodies the spirit of "realism" and "truth-seeking" of realism。"Speech at the Yan'an Forum on bet365 bonus code louisiana and Art" focuses on the actual situation in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and anti-Japanese base areas，Emphasizes that “all dark forces that harm the people must be exposed，The revolutionary struggles of all the people must be praised”，This is also another expression of people’s consciousness。Should say，The realism theory advocated by Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on bet365 bonus code louisiana and Art" is a new form of realist literary discourse in the new era，One of the important contents is to solve the problem of service objects and development direction of bet365 bonus code louisiana and art。Until today，This general direction has never wavered，So it can be said，“People’s consciousness” is integrated with local realist literary creation and theoretical discourse、Indivisible。

Today，We discuss and emphasize the promotion of the spirit of realism，It is necessary to emphasize the people’s value orientation of bet365 bonus code louisiana。People’s consciousness is an indispensable core value element in literary creation and theoretical discourse with Chinese characteristics，To highlight the people’s consciousness in bet365 bonus code louisiana，That is, practical actions to implement the "people-centered development idea"。

　(Author’s unit: Institute of Western bet365 bonus code louisiana and Culture, Zhejiang Gongshang University)