General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in an important speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party，"The Communist Party of China was born，Just seek happiness for the Chinese people、Establishing for the original mission of the Chinese nation for the revival of the Chinese nation "。He emphasizes，In the new journey in the future，We must "adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly"，"Practice the people -centered development idea"。As early as October 15, 2014，General Secretary Xi Jinping's "Speech at the Symposium on Literature and Art" has deeply expounded the relationship between literature and art and the people，The people who emphasize the creation of literary and artistic creation、People's coordinates of literary and art development。From the perspective of the development of literature，Our literary creation must adhere to the people -centered creative orientation，The people must use the people as the subject of the performance，There must be a clear people's consciousness。In this sense,，Realist literature is full of vitality，The most fundamental reason is that it has strong people's feelings and people's consciousness。So，Promoting realism of the excellent tradition of realism is an important way to practice the "people -centered development thought"。

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"Realism" as a literary term，It can refer to literary concepts、Creative method、Writing Spirit、Critical bet365 Play online games criteria、Aesthetic principles or artistic values, etc.，But it is first of all a literary trend，The aforementioned titles are extended or derived by realist literary thoughts。Realism as a literary trend produced and popular in Europe in the 19th century，Later spread widely in the world literary scene，Become an extremely important literary phenomenon in the history of world literature。Marx Engels in their age，Focus on and explain the essence of realistic literature，It plays an important role in the spread and development of realism。For more than a hundred years，Many foreign literary thought trend factions，Realism has spread the most deep and extensive in the field of literature and culture in my country，The reason for it，In addition，It also has a direct relationship with the leadership of Marx Engels on realism theory。

Marx Engels tended to realistic literature in his youth。Look at their discussion on literature and art，The most concentrated and most concentrated are realistic literary works，Their work of the writer's work of literature's realism and realistic writers is alone。Marx respects Barzac very much，Once more than once, I said that I want to write a comment article on Balzac "Earth Comedy"，The reason is that Balzac with its extraordinary artistic talent， "The mirror with poetic feelings reflects a whole era"。Engels mentioned in 1883 to Lau Lafaya's letter，He read Balzak's work in his illness，Get great satisfaction from this excellent master of realist literature。He believes that Balzac's works reflected from 1815 to 1848 French history，Biwarabe、Kapfig、Louis Brown's all works are much more rich，There is still a great revolutionary bet365 live casino games dialectical law in his poetic referee。Marx Engels has given a high degree of evaluation of realistic literature in 19th century in the letter of "To the Ferdinan Lhasar", "To the Margaret Haknis" and "Zhiminga Coskitz".。For example，Engels mentioned that when mentioning writers such as Ouoren Su and Dickens，Think that their creation shows social historical style，Like their "indeed the logo of the times"。

The reason why Marx and Engels has a single clock for realism，A very important reason is，In the mid -19th century，They are the same as realist writers, paying special attention to the liberation of people in the environment where the increasing contradictions of capitalism and the fate of the people in the environment。The living conditions of people in the capitalist society，Especially the status and situation of the working class，Focus on the focus of Marx Engels and realistic writers，Also the common growth point of their social criticism and the revolutionary spirit。High attention to real problems，Passion for the 19th -century realist writer to focus on the social nature of people、Class (class) sex，Consciously describing the lower levels of the capitalist society，This is one of the important reasons for Marx Engels to appreciate and pay attention to its works。

Under the historical conditions at that time，Engels believes that realist literature must describe the real relationship in the capitalist society，Express the essence of the working class、historical status and historical role。He explicitly pointed out when commenting on Karl Bike's poem "The Song of the Poor"，Advanced literature and art should "praise stubborn、咤。Marx Engels emphasized the Bet365 app download "newcomer image" of the new literature and art to show the "newcomer image" of the new literature and art in the "German Ideology" -worker class。Marx gives a high degree of evaluation of Russian realist writers who pay special attention to the fate of "small people"，He praised Carishevsky in "Capital" as "a great scholar and critic in Russia"。Marx Engels appreciates writers such as Dickens and Sacley，It is also related to the real description of these writers to the bottom people。In short，Marx Engels's full affirmation and high evaluation of realistic literature，Reflected the significant people's feelings in Marx and Engels' literary thoughts、People's Consciousness。

　New form of realism literary discourse

"May 4th"，Various literary trends in Europe and the United States have been introduced to our country，The common character presentation of the literary thoughts and literary discourse of various tendencies and forms of local literary worlds。But with the changes in the social and political situation and the subjective choice of the local literary and academic circles，After a short time of dispute and focus，Realism soon becomes mainstream，Realism Literature and Literary Discourse Become the leading of the literary world。For a long time since then，Connotation of realism is constantly changing，The influence is also continuously enhanced。

In the May 4th period，"Human Literature", "Civilian Literature" and "Life" literature，is the core discourse of local realistic literature。The realist writer represented by Lu Xun's criticism of nationality，Its purpose is to wake up the people、Reform and strengthen its mental body，This is a unique manifestation Bet365 lotto review of the people's consciousness of their literary creation。Established in 1921 The Communist Party of China，With the influence of Marxism in China, it has expanded，Marxist literary thoughts can also be widely spread。Li Dazhao、Chen Duxiu、Deng Zhongxia、Xiao Chu Nu、Early Chinese Communists such as Ying Daiying and Mao Dun were in the process of advocating revolutionary literature，preliminary introduced the realism theory of Marx Engels。The 1930s，Left -wing literary and art circles advocate the popularization of literature and art，Make local realism spread and develop in the literary world and theoretical world in a new form。In 1942 Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium"，Make the people's consciousness with my country's realist literary creation and literary theory discourse to reach an indescribable flesh and blood relationship。

Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" emphasizes literature and art for the general public service，First of all, the basic purpose of serving the "workers, peasants and soldiers"，This promotes the acceptance and dissemination of realistic literature in China to a certain extent，and make my country's realist creation and theory enter a new stage。The literary direction and purpose emphasized by Mao Zedong，Continuing the literary essence of realism "for life" in the May 4th period of my country，It also fits the social situation at that time to literature for literature、Expectation of relieving worries for the nation。The core of "For Life" is to enlighten the wisdom、Discover the darkness of society and the mental illness of the people，Save the people、Nations and the country bet365 live casino games in the deep water。In the 1930s and 1940s，Salvation and Enlightenment are all the departments of nation and people's safety，Literature and art for the people、The value pursuit of the workers, peasants and soldiers，It is also a manifestation of the spirit of "for life" in the new situation，It is a manifestation of "human literature" and "civilian literature" and literary humanitarian feelings，It is a kind of prominent people's consciousness。Mao Zedong emphasizes the relationship between writers and real life、Literature reflects real life，The spirit of "realism" and "seeking truth" of realism。"Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" for the actual situation of the national and anti -Japanese base areas，Emphasizing "the dark forces that endanger the people must be exposed，The revolutionary struggle of all the people must be praised "，This is another expression of people's consciousness。It should be said，The realism theory advocated by Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" is the new form of realism in the context of the new era，One of the major contents is to solve the problem of service objects and development direction of literature and art。until today，This major direction has not been shaken，Therefore, it can be said，"People's Consciousness" and local realistic literary creation and theoretical discourse are integrated、Uninterrupted。

Today，We discuss and emphasize the promotion of realism，It is necessary to emphasize the people's value orientation of literature。People's consciousness is an indispensable core value element for literary creation and theoretical discourse with Chinese characteristics，and show the people's consciousness in literature，That is to practice the actual action of "people -centered development thought"。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Western Literature and Culture, Zhejiang University of Technology)