13-14 century，Relying on the land of the entire line、Sea Silk Road，Different ethnic groups around the world、People with different faiths come south to north、East West Journey，Finally gathered in the city、Shangdu、Hangzhou、The Yuan Dynasty, represented by Quanzhou, etc.，Forms a city literary appearance with a rich and prosperous city。Writers multi -ethnic group、Summary of content、Diverse style，commonly affects the pattern of literature in the Yuan Dynasty，From the Yuan Dynasty before the Yuan Dynasty, the South Weak Weak、Chinese and abroad is not connected，Developed into the north -south balance of the Yuan Dynasty、China Unicom Chinese and foreign，Eventually, the world -like pattern of Yuan Dynasty literature。

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The writers who are active in the city of the Yuan Dynasty constitute a variety of，Not only the Mongolian、Color person、Han people、Southern people、Korean，And from Southeast Asia、Arab、Traveler in Europe and other places。Compared with previous generations，The team of urban literature writers in the Yuan Dynasty presents obvious "multi -ethnic groups" features。

Except for the traditional Han literati group，Western writers and Western travelers participating in urban literature creation are extremely eye -catching。The rise of the Western Writers' group in the literary world of the Yuan Dynasty is related to the wandering wave brought by the Western Regions brought by the three Western Expeditions of Mongolia。These Western people follow the Mongolians to conquer the world，Most of the settlement in the bet365 best casino games Central Plains City，Most of the north、Hangzhou in the south is the figure of people in the Western Regions。"Those who are attached to the Yuan Dynasty，I often compile and manage Jiang、Zhejiang、Fujian、Between Guang，and Hangzhou Youfang，Number -shaped species。"(Tian Rucheng" West Lake Tour ") Many of them learn Han culture，"Books and Books of Horse Horse"，The new force of becoming the city's literary creation in the Yuan Dynasty。"There is the Xing of Yuan，Children in the Northwest as a horizontal classics，Conservation is deep，Different talents。Yunshi Haiya、Ma Boyong rises in the front，and Tianxi succeeded ... So Ya Zhengqing (Hu)、Da Shan (Tai Buhua)、Nai Yi (Nai Xian)、Yu Tingxin people，Each talent，Strange Competitive Show，It can also be described as a very prosperous person! "(Gu Yili" Selection of Yuan Poems ")

Italian bishop Planno Gabinni，Missionary William Lubru begging、Marinoli、Edorik、Marinoli，Businessman Marco Polo，Moroccan traveler Ibn · Bai Tutai, etc.，Passing through Lu、The Sea Silk Road travels between East and West。In their pen，Leave a record of Westerners in the history of east -west cultural exchanges。In the history of Chinese literature，This is unprecedented。1271，Marco Polo departs from Venice，Economic Sea、Black Sea、arrives at Baghdad in the Middle East，After the Persian Gulf via the Holmus Strait、Iran、Afghanistan、Pamir Plateau and other places reach the Western Regions，Dunhuang、Yumen Pass and other places，Finally arrived in Yuanshangdu in 1275。Living in China 17 years，Marco Polo launched from Quanzhou in 1292，Return to Venice from the Maritime Silk Road。Marco Polo, this trip to the east that lasted for decades，Realized the maximum space of people in the world in the 13th bet365 Play online games to 14th centuries，"Marco Polo" tells the oriental myth that shocked Western countries，Open the mysterious doors of the East to the world。

　　"Global" of urban life

As a unified global empire，The territory of the Yuan Empire brings together a variety of civilized forms，There is nomadic civilization、Western Civilization、Farming civilization、Marine civilization, etc.，This adds fresh to the writing of the city in the Yuan Dynasty、Various subject matter content，It also brings a aesthetic experience full of exotic style。

Yuan Shangdu，Emerging Capital City，With its beautiful grassland landscape、A clear nomadic culture is known for，It is an important topic written by Yuan people。The palace fraud horse feast held every year reflects the "worldwide" of the living scene of the Yuan people。Scammeal feast，Also known as "Grand Sun Banquet"，It is the banquet custom of the court of the Yuan Dynasty，Happy Banquet，Not drunk，The scene is extremely enthusiastic，In addition to cooking cattle and sheep，Also set up court music dance、Athletic performances and horse racing activities。Zheng Yong "Fraud Horse Fu"、Gongshitai "Shangdu Fraud Ma Dayan"、Yuan Zhen "Putting Horses"、Zhou Boqi "Fraud Horse" and "Marco Polo" are all recorded in detail for the fraud feast。Yang Yunfu's "Jingjing Miscellaneous" wrote: "Jiayu Gong from Heilongjiang，Western Western wine is better。Nangtu to Qi Zuofeng pulp，Beiyu's foreign products are yellow sheep。"Jiayu" for the banquet is produced in Heilongjiang，"Grape Wine" drinking in the Western Regions，The tea drinking is the "Phoenix Category Tea" of the South China to Qiqi，and "Yellow Sheep" is the best in the meat on the grassland。Fish eaten by the scammer feast、Wine、South、Meat，From East、West、South、North，bet365 live casino games can be described as the food essence of the Quartet。Therefore, people are clouding: "The section of the Quartet Boat Cars，Full of wind，Mo Jiayu in ancient and modern。Bei La Xi Bai，Dongxia Nanxian，Fan Juezhu Snasonry，Seeking nothing。Kyushu local，Before the Turkish people have no time to see，Flying on the land and sea of ​​the sea。"" (Xu Youren's "Ruzhou Tingyan Drinks Poems")

Most of them are even more ethnic groups、The place where literati are gathered in multiple regions，Convenience of traffic、The prosperity of trade、The bustling of the city、Diversity of culture，Get the most concentrated and comprehensive display in urban literature in the Yuan Dynasty，The number of related works is very much。where，The most representative is two "Dadu Fu"。Huang Wenzhong's "Dadu Fu" to the history of the capital of the capital、Flag terrain、Urban structure、Commercial Trade、Leisure and Entertainment and other strong writing，Show the prosperity and richness of the metropolis。"Jinshi, Huazhuang，Gathering the Treasures of Sihai; Songs and Dance、Create Kyushu Fen Fen。... the pole，Mo Na Ni also。"" Ruocheng City，The civilization is the puppet，Li Zheng is the sea of ​​clothes，Shuncheng is the southern business，Pingzhi is the faction of West Jia。Born Real Estate，Ghost Treasure God Love，Artificial materialization，Shanqihai Monster，Do not ask for，No collection and self -extract。”

There is a Yuan Dynasty，The bustling degree is comparable to the cities that are mostly Hangzhou。In Western traveler's pen，Hangzhou was the largest in the world at that time、The best city。Marco Polo said，Hangzhou is "Tiancheng"，It is "the most rich and precious city in the world"，"There are businessmen in the city，quite rich，bet365 Play online games The huge of trade，No one can speak "，"There are ten cities in the city，Countless markets along the street "(Feng Chengjun translated" Marco Polo's Journey ")。Moroccan traveler Ibn Bai Tutai described the cultural situation of "Zhongyu Qi Huan" when visiting the West Lake: "Follow the boat singer、Musician sings Chinese songs from time to time、Awen Song or Persian Song。Chief son -in -law likes Persian songs。Persia songs per sing，Chief Son，The command to sing repeatedly。I am listening，You can remember all the lyrics。This song sounds elegantly and listen to。"" (Ma Jinpeng translated "Yiben · Baitai Tour" (part of China)) from foreign travelers gathered in Hangzhou，Break culture with beautiful music、National、Region、National Domestic Boundary，Exold the most worldwide in Hangzhou urban life、Openness、The vivid scene of tolerance。This kind of cultural intersection shown in daily life，is the product of cultural exchange in the background of Silk Road，It is also the characteristic of the city in the Yuan Dynasty very different from other dynasties cities。

　Literary pattern"North and South Balance, China and Foreign Unicom"

Observe from the perspective of space geography，It is not difficult to find，The northern cities represented by most and Shang both and the southern cities represented by Hangzhou and Quanzhou formed a north -south balance of the Yuan Dynasty.、The new pattern of China and foreign Unicom。Most of the Twin Metropolis Models of the Metropolis and Shangdu，Forms a radiation large river north and south、The core urban circle of the East and West World，Attract officials from all over the world、literati、Businessman、Missionary, etc.，Northern urban literature presents prosperity。Especially after the middle of the yuan，With the implementation bet365 Play online games of Wenchen's obedience system，A large number of Wenchen is regularly round and forth between most of the capital，It has spawned a large number of poetry works described and Shangdu，formed the unprecedented metropolis -Shangdu Literature Creation Communication Circle。Drove Siyun: "From the heavens、To the way，The luck of civilization that day，Spring and Autumn Performance，Han Tao Dehua，Gou Nengxiang，No matter how to express myself，Singing of Shape。"" (Jie Shi Si "Jing Ji Jing Xing Poetry") These works "Beautiful Mixed Governance，Shengde of Pingping Ping "(Su Tianjue's" Bianhu's Poetry of Jing Ji Xingxing Poetry ")，Represents the mainstream of urban literature in the Yuan Dynasty。

Western missionaries、Businessmen, etc. also participated in the creation and communication of urban literature in the Yuan Dynasty。For example，The guest of Berlang recorded that he was at the ascended ceremony of Guiyou Khan，Meet I came from Vero、Khitan、Korean、Guer only and more than 4,000 messenger sent by more than a dozen Islamic countries。"Marco Polo's Period" Volume 2 Detailed records、Shangdu、Hangzhou、The prosperity of the Yuan Dynasty such as Quanzhou。Western traveler's record of the city of the Yuan Dynasty，Let Westerners see the prosperity and wealth of the Eastern World，The development of the opening of the great sailing era。

In short，Drive from the 13-14 century Lu、The comprehensive expansion of the Haiji Road brings the historical context of the global Unicom，The great migration of the nation and the large integration of culture promoted the prosperity and development of the Yuan Dynasty literature。Represents the writing of the city of the Yuan Dynasty，The literary world of the Yuan Dynasty showed a variety of cultural extensive communication、New scene of deep interaction。Bet365 app download With the arrival of Western travelers，Information about the city of the Yuan Dynasty also spreads overseas with the records of Westerners。It can be said，As a window of cultural integration，The urban literature of the Yuan Dynasty surpassed the boundary of the space，Become a typical representative of a variety of cultural exchanges and mutual learning in the history of the development of human civilization in the 13th -14th century and even the development history of human civilization。

　　(Author Unit: School of Chinese Literature and Literature, Beijing University of Foreign Languages)