Centennial in the long history of history is not a moment，But from 1921 to 2021, this century in the history of Chinese literature is an epoch -making magnificent chapter。Not only writer Ruyun，Works Hao Han Hai，and reflect the great turning point of the development of Chinese literature，New literature with modernity ascend to the literary world and achieve brilliant achievements。The coming of this era，Fundamental speaking，Because the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，The transformation from the semi -colonial semi -sealed society to socialist society。The birth of new literature is even more with the birth of the Communist Party of China，Chen Duxiu, the founder of the Communist Party of China、The new culture advocated by Li Dazhao and others、New Literature Movement is closely related。

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From ancient myth、Historical Legend、Book of Songs、Chu Ci to Tang Poems、Song Ci、Yuan Miscellaneous Drama and Ming and Qing Novels，Chinese literature has a history of more than 3,000 years。and the innovation of Chinese literature over the past century，Although Liang Qichao advocated the "Novel Revolution", "Poetry Revolution" and the improvement of opera，But the results are relatively limited。truly setting off the big waves，Destroy the camps of old literature with the trend of destroying the dead，The new culture launched by Chen Duxiu and others for the opening of the mighty channel for the new literature、New Literature Movement。

1915，Chen Duxiu founded "Youth Magazine" in Shanghai，After renamed "New Youth"。1917，"New Youth" move to Peking University，Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao、Hu Shi、Qian Xuantong、Lu Xun and others worked hard to spread the new trend of thought at the time，Promote the "Literature Revolution"，Influence，New cultural movement will be set off in the country quickly。"Literature Revolution" is an important part of the new cultural movement。1917，"New Youth" published Hu Shi's "Literary Improvement" after the article，Chen Duxiu wrote "Literature Revolution Theory"，It shows a clearer and resolute literary revolutionary position。2627_2652，Build a easy lyrical national literature;，Building fresh Li Cheng's realistic literature;，Build a clear popular social literature。"Chen Duxiu's content, form and expression object of literature、Reading object，All proposed clear calling for innovation，and immediately get the response from other new cultural pioneers，The foundation laid the foundation for the formation of new literary concepts and the development of creation。

1916，Li Dazhao said in the article "Morning Bell" mission ":" The birth of the new civilization，There must be new literature and art first ... and then there were sinking dreams at the time，Rely on shock。"Later, he and Mao Zedong showed the slogan of" civilian literature "。The outpost and heavy town as the new cultural movement，"New Youth" is the cradle of new literature。It has published Hu Shi、Liu Bannong's vernacular poem and Lu Xun's first Bet365 lotto review vernacular novel "Madman's Diary"，In the 4th Volume 4, Volume 4, 1918 also launched the "Sentence Record" column，It marks the birth of modern miscellaneous texts。1919 Volume 6, No. 3, also published Hu Shi's solo drama "Lifetime"，An anchor of the creation of Chinese drama。"Weekly Review" founded by Chen Duxiu and others at the end of 1918 and other newspapers in response to the literary revolution，All are committed to attacking feudal culture and old literature，Promote new literature，and translate foreign literary works，Introduce foreign literary thoughts。So，Despite the opposition from the old school，The influence of the literary revolution has become more and more expanded。With the creation agency、Literature Research Association、New literary groups such as Xinyue Club，The development of new literature is not as good as，For the old literature that was popular at the time，Including the shady school and the novel of the butterfly faction constitute a huge impact，Promote its exit or transformation。From this，New literature has gradually become the mainstream of Chinese literature in the past century，The orthodox status of classical Chinese literature is replaced。

　　The development of the development of the Communist Party of China and the new literature

In the past century，The development of new literature development is closely related to the leaders of the Communist Party of China。

From the May 4th Literature Revolution to the rise of "Revolutionary Literature" and various literary genres，is the hair stage of the new literature，That is, the transition period of old literature to new literature。

In the May 4th New Culture Movement，The introduction of Marxism and the awakening of the working class，I have prepared thoughts and class foundations for the establishment of the Communist Party of China。After the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921，Not only attaches great importance to the leadership of culture，And with your own theoretical proposition，promoted the rise of "revolutionary literature"。

1920s，Modern new novels、New Poetry、The new drama develops rapidly，Works of various genres have boarded the altar。In the early 1920s，To guide literary development，Li Dazhao、Deng Zhongxia、Xiao Chu Nu、恽、Qu Qiubai、Shen Zemin、Mao Dun and other Communists use materialist history view and reflection theory，Discussing literary problems。Xiao Chu's "Art and Life" article emphasizes "Art is a reflection of life"。Shen Zemin's article "Literature and Revolution Literature" advocates that the poet should be the revolutionary，The life of workers and peasants should be penetrated。Mao Dun's "On the Arts of Proletarian Art" not only analyzes the history of European literature from the perspective of class theory，Evaluation of important writers of the Soviet Union at that time，It also defines the art of proletariat，The relationship between the content and form of the literary creation process and the literary and artistic content。

1920s，Zheng Zhenduo, a literary research association appeared in the literary world、Ye Shaojun、Shen Yanbing, etc. advocated the realism of "life for life"，Creation Club Guo Moruo、Romanticism that values ​​self -expression，Crescent Society Xu Zhimo、Wen Yiduo、The beautiful tendency of Liang Shiqiu and other claims，Social problem novels of Bingxin、bet365 Play online games Women's Destiny Novels of Women's Fate of Lu Yin and Ding Ling、local novels of Shen Congwen and other new sensory novels，Also symbolicism of Li Jinfa、Modernist poem。This all reflects the various trends of thoughts and the flow of multiple art pursuits。and after 1925，Jiang Guangci's "Youth Wander" and "Short Bosnia Party" and other novels，Poetry of the people of the Sun Club、Drama，Yinfu's poem，Ding Ling's novel "Wei Hu"，Mao Dun's long -term trilogy "Disease", "Shake", "Pursuit" and Ye Zi、The works of Rou Shi, etc. marked the rise of revolutionary literature。These works have been opened for later left -wing literature。until 1930，New Literature has established a foothold。

1930 to 1949，From left -wing literature、Anti -Japanese War Literature to Liberated Area Literature，Revolutionary literature towards orgasm。

1930，Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party，Left -wing literature develops rapidly。Jiang Guangci's "Roaring Land"、Hu Year's "Light in front of us"、Rou Shi's "Mother for Slave"、Ding Ling's "Spring Shanghai in 1930" and other revolutionary novels and the works of Ding Ling's "Water" and "Tianjiachong" later described the revolutionary struggle of workers and peasants。Mao Dun's "Lin Family Shop", "Spring Silkworm" and "Zi Ye" write "One · 28" after the anti -Japanese war，The aggression of the Japanese imperialism has brought bankruptcy of my country's villages and cities at different strata。Xiao Hong's "Life and Death Field"、Xiao Jun's "August Village" marks the rise of the Northeast Anti -Japanese Writer Group。Chinese Poetry Association and Ai Qing、Zang Kejia、Field and other poets make outstanding contributions to the anti -Japanese poetry。

As Qu Qiubai said，Lu Xun experienced "entering from evolution theory to class theory，From the gentleman class, the virginity of the gentleman class to the real friend of the proletarian and the laborer，So as a warrior "。Lu Xun studied many Marxist literary theory works，Make outstanding contributions to the spread of the theoretical view of Marxist literature and art。other，Feng Xuefeng、Hu Feng and Zhou Yang and other Marxist literary theoretical critics also spread Marxist literary views in the 1930s、Make effort to promote the development of left -wing literature。

After the outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War，The Battlefield Service Group and the Anti -Japanese Performance Team in the literary and artistic circles are traveled to the front and back，Poetry、Drama and report literature is particularly more works reflected in the anti -Japanese war。Due to the Communist Yang Hansheng's running contact，1938 The establishment of the National Anti -enemy Association of the National Literature and Art Circle，Promoting the unity of the literary and art circles for anti -Japanese，The theme of the Anti -Japanese War has become the mainstream of literature in this period。In the rear，Lao She from "Camel Xiangzi" to "Four of the same hall"、Basin from "Trilogy" to "Fire"、Lu Yan's "The Children of the Fortune" marked the shift of the novel from the protest of the long novel to the torrent of the anti -Japanese war。

May 1942，Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" summarizes the literary perspective since the May 4th，The combination Bet365 lotto review of Marxist literary theory and Chinese revolutionary literature and art practice，Direction direction for the development of people's literature and art。The Anti -Japanese Base Land has emerged as Zhao Shuli's "Li Youcai Ban" and "The Change of Lijiazhuang"，and Ding Ling、Ouyangshan、Sun Li, etc. describes works that describe northern Shaanxi and Jinji Anti -Anti -A few days ago，and the novel nationalization、Make significant achievements in popularization。"The Yellow River Chorus" of the lyrics of the lyrics lyrics，Singing all over the river north and south，He Jingzhi and other opera "White Hair Girl" became an important work that encouraged the front and rear soldiers and the people to win the victory。Drama aspect，Guo Moruo's "Qu Yuan" who described history、Yang Hansheng's "The Death of Li Xiucheng"、Aying's "Blood Blossom" and the "Beauty Walk" reflecting the realistic Tian Han、Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm"、Xia Yan's "Under Shanghai Eaves"、Hong Shen's "Five Kuiqiao"、Wu Zuguang's "Snow Night Return to People"、Chen Baichen's "Improvement Map", etc. are all famous works。Reporting literature Inspired and mobilized the people to invest in the War of Resistance Against Japan，Give play to an irreplaceable role。Zhang Henshui, who was once a butterfly school, also wrote a number of reflection of anti -Japanese、Long novel of Zhang Yang's national spirit。

It can be said，New literature and national fate in the 1930s and 1940s、State State Consistent connection。Many works widely reflected the life and suffering of the people of all class people in my country at that time。The literary direction of this period is inseparable from the leadership and literary claims of the Communist Party of China。

From 1949 to 1977，Chinese literature goes to a new realm。

This period，Reflecting the history of the people's revolution、Praise socialist transformation and construction，The basic theme of becoming literary creation。The combination of revolutionary realism and romanticism becomes the main artistic tendency。Guo Xiaochuan's "Entering the Difficulty" and "To Youth Citizens"，He Jingzhi's "Singing Singing", "Back to Yan'an", "Song of Lei Feng"，Wen Jie、Li Ji、Zhang Zhimin、Li Ying、Many poems of Gong Liu and others are popular works。Wang Meng appeared in the creation of short stories、Li Yan、Ru Zhijuan、Junqing and other new writers，The field of long novels produced Sun Li’s "First Records of Feng Yun"、Du Pengcheng's "Defend Yan'an"、Wu Qiang’s "Red Day"、Liang Bin's "Red Flag Spectrum"、Qu Bo's "Lin Hai Xueyuan"、Yang Mo's "Song of Youth"、Liu Qing's "History of Entrepreneurship"、Zhou Libo's "Mountains in the Mountains"、Aiwu's "Bai Lian into Steel"、Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyu's "Red Rock" and other outstanding works called "red classics"。Confidence、Gongyang、The color of the bright color became the style of the novel at that time。In the drama, Guo Moruo's "Cai Wenji"、Tian Han's "Guan Hanqing" and "Princess Wencheng"、Cao Yu's "Bright Sky" and "Bald Sword Article" also shows the colorful and versatile of creation。Prose and report literature The emergence of Yang Shuo、Liu Baiyu、Cao Jinghua、Qin Mu、Wu Boxiao and many famous masters。

From 1978 to 2021，The 40 years since the reform and opening up is the bet365 live casino games stage of the prosperity and development of our country。

For more than 40 years of reform and opening up，Many writers have appeared in the literary circles of our country，Newcomers，Creative theme、Theme、Form、Diversified style of style。Fiction creation prosperity，Taking the long story as an example，Creative volume from dozens of units in 1977 to more than 5,000 units in 2016，After more than 10,000 units after the year，It can be described as unprecedented。This is liberated with the Chinese Communist Party insisted on reform and opening up and the ideological liberation of the literary and art circles，Literature and art can not be separated by various social functions。Although under market economy conditions，The literary world exists in entertainment tendency and impetuous emotions，But the achievements of literary creation are obvious to all。Many novelists won the Mao Dun Literature Award、Lu Xun Literature Award、National Awards such as Horse Literature Award，There are many novelists who have won various international awards，Ru Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature、Liu Cixin won the Hugo Award、Cao Wenxuan won the International Andersen Award, etc.。

This period，Various genre of literature has new development，Youth Novel、Children's novels、Historical novels are all grades。After the rise of online literature，Although good and bad，But the creation team grows unprecedented，Creative types are more diverse。Poetry creation，The hazy poem、New generation poetry appears one after another，Not only the new work of the old poet，Shu Ting、Index、Ye Yanbin and many new poets。Fiction creation field，Wang Meng、Zongyu、Zhang Jie、Liu Xinwu、Iron Ning、Mo Yan、Wang Anyi、Jia Pingwa、Zhang Wei and others are all rich in results。

　　The historical achievements and characteristics of the new literature of the year

Compared with Chinese classical literature，Centennial new literature has achieved unprecedented achievements under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，presents distinctive characteristics of the times。

First，Communication of Marxism，Make the ideas of the work reached a new height。

Literature is a project that shapes human souls。Chinese literature to attach importance to ideology，Emphasize "text to carry the way"。In the historical process of the democratic revolution and the socialist revolution，The Patriotism Spirit of Gao Yang in the May 4th era，Whether in historical themes or realistic themes，Always becoming the theme of new literature at different stages。The October Revolution in Russia sent us Marxism。，Marxism has become a wave of rolling waves in our ideological world with unstoppable trends，prompted the birth of the Communist Party of China，Get a wide range of dissemination among the intellectual circles and the people across the country。This naturally also affects the literary and art world。Marxism occupies a dominant position in literary creation，Make the ideological nature of Chinese literature mentioning a new height。

Second，Compared with traditional literature，Centennial new literature created to the people、Express the people and serve the people、The new era of the masses participating in writing。

Traditional literature expresses mostly the emperor will be phased、Talent and Beauty。Since the Song, bet365 best casino games Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties，Although there are works that show the life of citizens，But the works described by ordinary people are still extremely scarce。"May 4th"，The protagonist of the novel not only has many lower intellectual molecules，and the people of workers, peasants and soldiers，Such as Xianglin written by Lu Xun、A Q et al.。"Revolutionary Literature" is advocated，This kind of character in the novel is more，As a farmer raised by silkworms in Mao Dun "Spring Silkworm"，The manpower driver Xiangzi in Lao She's "Camel Xiangzi"，Jiang Guangci、Ding Ling and others who have moved towards the revolutionary workers and farmers。After the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium was held，Works describing workers, peasants and soldiers are more。This is a huge change in the history of Chinese literature。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China，Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，Literature goes to the broad masses of the people and express workers, peasants and soldiers，It has become a common phenomenon; early in the founding of New China，Description of the image of workers, peasants and soldiers and their heroes，An important trend of becoming literary creation，It has never declined to this day。The lives of the people become the main object of literary description。After the rise of online literature，The novel has quickly moved towards the majority of people with unprecedented scale，The click rate of online novel works is even hundreds of millions of counts。The writers of online literature are mostly ordinary people，It is reported，2017，More than 13 million people in Chinese online literature writers。Literature towards the people，Not only does the people，And read and love the majority of people，This is unprecedented in the history of our country。

third，The subject of literature、Theme、Forms and styles are becoming more and more diverse。

During the development of a century -old new literature，Heaven、Earth、Fairy、Ghost、Bird Beast、Wormfish and Crossing History、Fantasy Future and other topics，All appear in the writer's pen。Novel creation，Political novels、Military novels、Financial novels、Romance novels、Psychological novels、Philosophy novels、Ethics novels、Detective Fiction、Fairy Tale Fiction、Science fiction novels, etc. emerging; chapter back body、Study Body、Letter body、Diary、Note、Dialogue and conscious stream novel、Absurd novels, etc. also show their own ability; realist novels、Romantic Novel、Modernist novels, etc.。The same writer also creates different forms and styles of works，Novels that use the flow of consciousness as Lu Xun's "Madman Diary"，There is also a realist novel like "Blessing"，More novels with different styles in "New Story"。Wang Meng、Zongyu、Mo Yan、Jia Pingwa and other contemporary novelists also have content、Form、Various works of styles come out。This situation is rare in the history of Chinese novels。This period，The creative vision of Chinese writers、Creation and imagination can be unprecedentedly liberated and exerted，Novel creative thinking is greatly expanded。Novels present a diverse creative style and artistic style in the process of modernization，It is the bet365 best casino games prominent feature of this historical period。

Fourth，It has shaped many immortal typical characters，Especially the image of heroes，Added glorious glory to the century -old new literature。

For a century，Nodular writers attach great importance to the shaping of typical characters，Especially the shaping of the heroic character image。Ah q in Lu Xun's writing、Xianglin，Boss Lin in Mao Shun's pen、Wu Yanfu，Camel Xiangzi，Ms. Shafi in Ding Ling，Li Youcai in Zhao Shuli，Different typical nature，Leave a deep impression on the reader，Thinking of people。Li Zicheng shaped by Yao Xueyi、Zhu Laozhong created by Liang Bin、Yang Zirong shaped by Qu Bo、Yang Zirong shaped by Qu Bo、Qin Degui created by Aiwu、Liang Shengbao shaped by Liu Qing、Li Shuangshuang described by Li Yan、Lu Wenting and other historical heroes such as Lu Wenting described by Rong Rong or the image of socialist newcomers，and drama、Report Literature、Liu Hulan, shaped by biographical literature、Lei Feng、Xiang Xiuli、Wang Jinxi, etc.，All are well -known。The formation of the new spiritual appearance of these images to the general public，It has a profound impact。

In short,，All aspects of the development of new literature in my country in the past century，It is inseparable from the leadership of the Communist Party of China。In the process of promoting and leading new literature in our party，Keep deepening the understanding of the nature and laws of literature and art in practice，Especially for literature and art and people、Literature and reality、Main and objects in literary creation、Cognition of the main theme and diversity of literature and art，According to the interests of the people、The pulse of the era and the direction of history，Follow the nature and laws of literature and art，Continuously strengthen the leadership of literature and art，created favorable conditions for the prosperity of literature and art。We firmly believe，Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，Chinese literature will definitely usher in a new climax of literary creation，New peak of climbing literature，Create more and better literary works for the people and the world。

(Author Unit: Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)