May 1942，Mao Zedong "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" (hereinafter referred to as "Speech")。"Speaking" after publishing，Yan'an literary and art circles have set off a boom in learning "speech"，I have a new understanding of the nature and function of literature and art，Created a large number of new works，Carried out a series of literary activities，Yan'an Literature and Art presents a new look of new appearance。

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For the situation at the time，"Speaking" requires revolutionary literature and art to serve the War of Resistance Against Japan，Request writer、The artist is devoted to the torrent of the revolution，Become a revolutionary literary worker。"Speaking" after publishing，Originally ideological tendency and creative propositions、Artist，Basically unified the literary and artistic service required by the "Speech"，Show a new attitude。

The formation path of the new posture of literary workers has two main types of formation。First, change your position。The original literary concept is inconsistent with "Speaking"，Consciously change yourself，Taking "Speaking" as a guide。For example，Ding Ling published some "exposed darkness" works with strong personal colors in front of "Speaking"，"Speaking" after，She consciously stands to the position of workers, peasants and soldiers for creation。

The second is to reflect on your own proposition。The original literary concept is basically the same as "Speech"，To further reflect on what else you need to improve。For example，He Qifang before the speech，I advocate what I know familiar with to "praise the light"，"Speaking" after，Aware that "overly emphasizing that familiar themes will go to the old way to write past experiences and old characters" (He Qifang's "Questions about the Mass")，Drives the description of new life and new life。

"After the speech"，The relatively famous folk artists were also absorbed into the team of literary workers，They got a new identity。Wang Tingyou bet365 live casino games of Singing、Leebu of the Drama、Han Qixiang of the book，Under the guidance of the spirit of "Speaking", the party's literary and art workers inspired，Join the Yan'an Literary and Art Workers Team。They are based on Yan'an's real people，Promote advanced deeds with the form of folk art that you are good at，Praise the People's Army。The folk art, which was originally used to make a living, has become a promotional weapon for revolution.，Folk artists at the bottom of society become the revolutionary literary workers。

　I have a new understanding of the nationalization of literature and art

"Speaking" requires revolutionary literature and art to serve the War of Resistance Against Japan，Serving the National Revolutionary War，advocates discarding tradition，Learn from folk literature and art，Show the bright literary ethnic color。"Speaking" after，The literary and artistic circles have a deeper understanding of the literary and artistic ethnicization。It is mainly manifested in four aspects。

First，Literary and art ethnicization must be down -to -earth，Start from collecting and organizing folk literature and art，Effectively understand the spiritual essence of folk literature and art，and integrate it into literary creation and literary activities。The ethnicization of Yan'an Literary and Art circles has two characteristics: First, the nationalization of literature and art starts from reality，Start with existing folk art; second, literary ethnicization is based on local construction，For the new democratic revolutionary service。

Next，Combination of literary and artistic ethnicization and popularization。Purpose of Popularization，On the one hand, launching the masses to participate in art creation，To achieve this goal，It is necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses; on the other hand, it is to create literary works that the masses like to see，This requires literary workers to learn the language of the masses for art creation。The main body of the masses is "folk speaking"，So，"Folk Word" provides rich language materials for the popularization of literature and art。The intermediary of "folk spoken language"，Popularization of literature and art is combined together。

again，Division of advanced bet365 live casino games parts and backward parts in traditional culture and folk art。"Speech" continues the attitude of "New Democraticism" to the traditional attitude，"Eliminate its feudal dross，Essence of absorbing its democracy "，Think of treating cultural heritage，"Critically absorb all the beneficial things"。"Speech" has formed a consensus after the speech was published。For example，Drama that has a great impact on the time，On the one hand, stop or transform "Old drama that promotes feudal order"，On the other hand, "reflecting the people's emotional will，Forms are easy to play and easy -to -understand drama and opera "。("Decision of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Performance of the Party's Literature and Art Policy")

Last，The beneficial ingredients of absorbing foreign culture，Integrated into the process of literary and artistic ethnicization。"Speech" requires that foreign culture also adopts a "critical absorption" attitude。，Yan'an literary and art circles aware of "foreign forms developed from the May 4th"，For example, drama、novels, etc.，has become an "important part of the new form of the nation" (Chen Yong's "New Harvest of the Literature and Art Movement in the Three Years")，Aware that the direction of literary and artistic workers, farmers and soldiers cannot exclude foreign forms，On the contrary，On the basis of learning from foreign literature and art，Old form transformation and new form of creation。

　New ways to appear in literary creation

Under the call of "Speaking" "Learning from Workers and Peasants"，Literary creation is no longer as before，It is a matter of the personal person's personal affairs，Instead, creation is based on the preferences of the masses。Correspondingly，The creative method of the original creator's personal will has changed two aspects: First, the opinion of absorbing the masses when personal creation，The second is the rise of collective creation。

Personal creation to absorb the opinions of the masses，Reflect that "Speaking" "Popularize first，Improve the spirit after improve "。Yan'an's low cultural level，The creator if you only create based on your own knowledge Bet365 app download level，People may not understand。For this，Xu Yongyong even issued the appeal of "Writing writers want to invite workers, peasants and soldiers as consultants"，Requires literary and art workers to tell the content they are preparing to create.，How to write according to their opinions，After writing it，Modify according to their opinions。

The rise of collective creation，It means that the personal consciousness in creation is located in collective consciousness，It means that the creator Gan Dangdang's "screw"。Various situations of collective creation。Cooperation between literary and art workers，Peking opera "Forced to Liangshan" "Three Batters of Zhujiazhuang"、Yangli opera "Zhong Wancai's Starting"、The opera "White Hair Girl" is the product of the collective cooperation of literary and art workers。Cooperation with literary and artists and folk artists，Han Qixiang's "Zhangjiazhuang Seeking Rain", "Zhang Yulan Participating in Election Meeting", "Liu Qiao reunion" is in Lin Shan、Gao Minfu and others completed。Cooperation between the masses，Yang opera "Rent reduction" is the collective creation of four farmers。Cooperation between literary and art workers and the masses，Cooperation between literary and art workers and the masses，郿鄠 郿鄠 姑，is the result of sorting by literary workers based on Lu Maoyi's singing;，"Lu Yi" in the Yang opera opera in the Yang opera。(Jiang Shouyi "Folk Elements and Yan'an Literature and Art Popularization")

　Literature and art works show new weather

"Speech" requires the spirit of literature and art to serve workers, peasants and soldiers to be implemented in depth in Yan'an，Learning from workers, peasants and soldiers、During the process of serving workers, peasants and soldiers，Literary and artistic works show new weather。

First，Express new content in the old form。"Speaking" continues the "form of nation，Content of New Democraticism "，It is required to express the revolutionary content by transforming the form of folk art，Its meaning is to better promote the revolutionary thought to the people，But the direct impact it brings to literary creation is "old bottle new wine"，means to express the new revolutionary content with the original old bet365 best casino games form。Northern Shaanxi Lecture is from the original "adulterer harm loyalty，Xianggong Recruitment Girl "becomes a new life and praise the Communist Party，A new book such as "The Victory of Yichuan" appeared。Yangli opera also abandoned the theme of the original show of men and women，Instead of praising production and revolution，Street Yang opera drama such as "Brother and Sister Open" appeared。Traditional paper -cutting is also based on the original auspicious meaning，Added the breath of real life，Window flowers such as "Putting Grain" appeared。Woodcut is a means of promoting revolution，"Sending a husband on the front line", "The person in the position", "The militia buried mine" and other anti -Japanese war content became the mainstream。Li Yuanyuan created "Immigration Song"，Yan'an Literary and Art Workers adapted it to "Oriental Red"，It is a prominent representative of the new weather of literary works。

Second，Get out new。"Old Bottle New Wine" is to install new content in the old form，When you are new, you will abandon the old creation of new，It is manifested as expressing new content in new forms，It is also manifested in the use of old forms and old content to express new ideas。In terms of new forms of new content，The opera "White Hair Girl" can be representative。As the first ethnic opera as the first national opera，The form and content of "White Hair Girl" are new，It expresses well "forced people into ghosts in the old society，The theme of the new society into an adult "。In terms of old forms and old content, new ideas are expressed，Peking opera "Forcing Liangshan" can be represented by it，It absorbed the drama ingredients in Peking Opera，Modern setting means，The process of highlighting the oppressed person represented by Lin Chong，Praised by Mao Zedong to make "the old drama open a new life" ("Yan'an Literature and Art Archives · Yan'an Drama"。

　　Literature and Art Movement has new features

"After the speech"，Yan'an's literary movement is in full swing，Mainly new Yangge Movement and literary workers go to the countryside。

Since the Spring Festival of 1943, the "Lu Yi" Yangge team took the streets，From Yan'an to Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningxin Border Area，Then go to each anti -Japanese base area，New bet365 live casino games Yangge blooms everywhere，The common people also actively participated in the performance of Yang opera。Xinyang Opera became the most artistic form after the speech became the highest participation after the speech。New Yangge Movement is popular on the streets of Yan'an and the vast number of rural areas。Compared with the previous Yangge，New Yangge reflects the new content of revolution and production。In the form of performance，The New Yangge Sports is no longer a simple Yangge performance，but a national movement，Leaders、Actor、The masses can twist Yangge at the same time，This is not before。At the same time，The New Yangge Movement also provides a model of practice for the literary and artistic service mentioned in "Speech"，Become "the iconic incident formed by the formation of Yan'an Literature and Art System" (Zhao Weidong's "Four things" and "Four Articles" -focus on the construction process of Yan'an literary and art system ")。

In order to better practice the spirit of "Speaking"，Yan'an Literature and Art circles also carried out the movement of the literary and art workers to go to the countryside (Yangge to go to the countryside is also part of it)。This is not only the "Article of the Cultural Association", the "article goes to the countryside，Article enlistment "，and all kinds of art forms walk into the countryside; not only "go to the countryside"，And to break the "concept of guests"，Prepare to take root in the countryside。The reason why go to the countryside becomes exercise，Both the Party Central Committee attaches great importance to this time to go to the countryside，It is also in the literary workers who go to the countryside to have deep reflection on this movement，Make the going to the countryside also become the ideological transformation movement。March 10, 1943，The Central Cultural Working Committee and the Central Organization Department held a party's literary and art worker meeting，Mobilize and see off for literary and art workers to go to the countryside。Kaifeng clearly stated in the meeting report: Going to the countryside is to implement the spirit of the speech，Let "combine literary workers and actual reality，Combination of literature and art, workers, peasants and soldiers Bet365 lotto review "(Kaifeng" Questions about the Literary Workers Going to the Countryside "。After the meeting，Literary workers go to the countryside，Experience through personal experience，Aware of the importance of "transform yourself"。

"Speech" has led the development of Yan'an literature and art in many ways，Yan'an literature and art has a new look，It has also had a profound impact on the development of Chinese literature and art later，Has an important role in the history of modern and contemporary literature and art。

(this article is the National Social Science Foundation's major project "Marxist Literature Theoretical Keywords and Contemporary Significance Study" (18zda275) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Nanjing Normal University)