"Ten King Sutra" is a very popular Chinese land written Buddhist scripture，Not only do you have several Chinese sutras in this stream，Also translated into a back、West Xiawen and Tibetan Multi -Language Classics spread。It is not late than the 9th century，Because of the combination of folk funerals，Popular in East Asian regions，Even continues to this day。

The existing Chinese scriptures are written in Dunhuang and Tuzan.，The earliest deposit in the early 10th century。Shaanxi Yaozhou Shende Temple Tower in 2004 has very important early characteristics，But without evidence，It can only be prevented in the Tang Dynasty，The image is stored in the late Tang Dynasty at the end of the 9th century.，It can be supplemented by the era。Five Dynasties Song and Xixia、The Ten King's faith flow of the ten kings since the back period，Both are found in the return text of Turpan and Dunhuang，There are also Xixia texts unearthed in Heishui City; there are also rumors of the Haidong, that is, the written printed books of the Korean Peninsula and Japan and entering the modern lead.，Today's income electronic version。The Ten King Sutra has been discussed in the "Ten King Sutra"，Mainly concentrated in Chinese and Hui 鹘 Text。However, there is a Tibetan text，Although it is lost to foreign，but only see，In the early 21st century, it must be confirmed and studied，Monopoly by Czech scholar Daniel Berounsky，Not only the British Translation Tibetan Scriptures，More detailed test in the concept of the Tibetan land after death。Zeng Xixia Classic，Although Dingzhou Book was disclosed in 1932，Produced by Russian Tibetan Heishui City also published in 1963，It was not until recent years that there was a description of the book，There are also one or two new opinions unpublished private collection。The author has found Xixia during this scripture recently.、An important special association of Tibetan text，Because of this article。

Tibetan "Ten King Sutra" currently knows only one book，Hidden in Prague National Art Museum，Brahma -style 58.5 × 16 cm，85 pages in total，6 lines per page，15 pages for drawing，Some ends at the end of the page decorate the Buddha statue，Czech Laehua (about 1917) Painter V.chytil purchased from Peiping or Inner Mongolia，Back to the country in 1933。American scholar Tai Shiwen (S.Teiser F.) mentioned this in his monograph "Academic Review"，It is also written late，Generally based on the long school in Dunhuang，"Part of the ceremony and the part of the King of Yan Luo"。The English monograph by Czech scholars bet365 Play online games can know that its content is the richest in all types of sorting this.，Establishing a complex strange，"Jing Jing"，The next Ten King's interrogation is concentrated and re -narrative，Also explain the reincarnation、End with Maitreya Mantra; the name of the ten kings "Prison Emperor" or "Dead Lord" highlights Tibetan characteristics，The more prominent source is the content of the Angel Sutra。In short，The Tibetan Scripture has formed a characteristic of the original Indian and the culture of the family。

Xixia Ben's "The Ten King Sutra" now knows Heishui City、Dingzhou products and private collection。Jinlan Pavilion's private hidden engraving was exhibited in the "Chinese Traditional Cultural Classics Classics Protection and Inheritance Exhibition — Emiser Rotal Fragrance" held in 2019，Only now rolls，There are also similar to private collection and lots。Hebei Dingzhou has been out of Xixia text，Wang Jingru is the "National Peiping Library -Xixiawen special number" (1932).，Published on the four pages of Luo Zhenyu，And doubt its non -Yuan Xia paper ink，Can't print Mingqing。In recent years, Takayama Bin found that its original version of the old carving scriptures，1920 or 1921 printed and sold for sale，Buy Xindian South and Luo Zhenyu and others。Hebei Baoding area in the area of ​​Xixia survivors in the middle of the Ming Dynasty，This version should be previously。Heishui City produced in 1909，This Scripture Institute of Tibet Russia，Gobcheva and Kiccunov jointly compiled "Xixia Writing Book and Press Catalog" first recorded、Kiccunov has a more detailed introduction after; инв.no.819 is "Prison Emperor into a Buddhist Scripture"，инв.no.4976 is "Ten King Classics"。Japanese Nishida Longxiong's "Xixia Mandarin Yan Jing" brief theory and here，I believe that the former is translated from Dunhuang S.2185、5450、5585。The latter is translated from S.3961、P.2870，Correspondence between Xixia and Dunhuang and Dunhuang，Although there are other categories in Dunhuang，But the difference between Wen Yan and Tuzan is obviously recognized，The author has also found that these two types correspond to the corresponding tail question "Yan Luo Wang Jiao Ji Jing" and "The Ten King Sutra"。and a few of the new materials in Yaozhou and Taizhou, Shaanxi and Zhejiang，So Xia Ben details are worthy of attention。

time to 2019，Zhang Jiuling's Summary Summary and Cai Li translated in detail，Make Xixia's appearance reveal。The author has recently translated the monograph on Professor Czech Republic (including the Tibetan Scriptures)，Because it can be compared to the relationship between Xia Ben and Tibetan，It is known that the two are indeed "big similar"，The composition corresponds Bet365 app download to the height of characteristics。Zhang Jiuling's "Russian Tibetan Xixia Ben" Ten King Sutra "describes the more than ten Xixia vocabulary translated from Tibetan，From "Ming Man" to "Prison Emperor"，There is also the name of the ten kings attached to the "prison leader"、According to the transliteration of Yihan, two special voice，Plus many unsolvable places such as "Five Angel Questions" different from Hanke，Therefore, it is speculated that its background "imagined that one day can unexpectedly get Xixia based on the original translation，That unknown book is Chinese or Tibetan ... "Cai Li's" Xixia Suspected Pseudo -Scripture Examination "translated Russia and Tibetan Xixia.，Then when discussing, only Tibet Book Introduction to the author's introduction，Not in -depth。It is known that the two books in Xiazang have basically the same composition，Both combine the contents of the Han Dynasty "The Book of Men" and the Ten King Sutra，Although it is known that the Russian Tibet Xixia has no picture and Tibet has a picture。More important variation is the content of the "Angel Scripture" of the Canadian Angel，Two specific places，One is "Yan Luo Palace"、One is "Five Angel Questions"。Xixia Ben characteristic lies in the style of the style of the style of the style of the style，The composition of Tibet's book is more than Mido net domain、Explanation of Six Road、Concentration and Magic Mantra。From the relationship between the two，Tibetan is unique in the back，It may be out late，Most of the former and middle and middle are the same，The name of the word can be pushed，Xixia should have come out according to the early Tibetan translation。

It is known that Russia and Tibetan Heishui City инв.no.819 Write this line to order butterfly installation，21 × 135 cm，7 lines per semi -leaf，17 words per line，Save 30 leaves，Basic complete。Previous "Master Translator's main clothes, Ning Hui Hai work"、Rear "Different Translator's Mainly Main Clothing Mi Ning Fa Ningfa Sea School" title。инв.no.4976 Write this paper installation，29 × 600 cm，Each row 22 to 24 words，The lower end of the paper，First，Post -inscription is the same as before。Jinlan Pavilion's private collection and other engraving books are slightly similar。

Cai Li translates the "Xixia Wen Ten King Sutra" and discusses，also Han and Zhang Jiuling's translation test on Dingzhou。Therefore，West Xia's text is clear。Its article pointed out that the Russian Tibetan No.819 and No.2469 are the same scriptures，There is no difference。The relationship between it and the Chinese "The Book of Confinement" and the "Ten King Sutra"，Compare three places through the list，That is the pre -repair section of the "Chinese Scripture"、Bodhisattva name and the number of hell，Think bet365 best casino games of this two classics。This is undoubtedly correct，But you can add。A short "Dead Zhai" text in Ruxia Ben，"Ten King Sutra" Yes，"The Memorial Scriptures" has the minority of the small part without，Compared with important evidence。As for the relationship between Russia and Dingzhou,，Zhang Jiuling has said that the difference is large，Dingzhou is a new version，Cai Wen further states the simplified part of its difference。In fact, the composition of the two is still the same，The difference is only between words。Zhang Jiuling has talked about the content of Xiaben's "The Five Angels of the King of Yan Luo" than Han Benzai，Cai Li's translation explained to two places，First, the cause of the Buddha Yan Luo Kings，There is the content of Yan Luo Palace torture and the content of the net letter; the second is the content of the "five angels" in King Yan Luo in the trial of the ten kings。The Chinese Buddhist Division not only has the brief translation of "Yan Luo King's Five Angels" as a special content，You can also be associated, etc.，As many as Yan Luo Palace and "Three Angels Questions"，Out of "Chang Ahan", "Gas", etc.、Only "Building Carbon" has five angels，"Five Angels Questions" multi -communist hell description，Out of "China Ahan" and other sutras。Tibet Ganzher is not clear or lacking。The author once said that "the angels asked" was the earliest Yan Luo interrogation in India。If you contact two points to add to speculate，The authors of Tibetan translations obviously intend to add "true sutra" to the suspicion to increase legality，Yan Luo Deng Ji Ji and the Ten King's interrogation session If there is an Indian original support，can be fundamentally fundamental。

Two relations between Xiazang，Cai Wen first said that Xia Ben should have Tibetan background，According to the author's profile of the existing collection, it knows that it is similar，For hundreds of years from its late summer，Speaking of this Tibetan book may be affected by Xiaben，or according to the same Tibetan background as Xia Ben。Yinxia Ben obviously mostly derive the terms of Tibetan term vocabulary evidence，It is difficult to demonstrate the previous sentence，If it is influenced by this influence, it will be difficult to complete the evidence chain of Tibet。Xia Ben has the front and back inheritance from the Russian Tibetan to the Dingzhou book，Tibetan book will also be available。Although the existing book is late，But there are early menstrual menstruation with Russia Tibetan Xiaben，It should be reasonable inference。It is necessary to explore it in detail，Comparison evidence of the informative content and composition from existing Tibetan and Russian Tibetan Xia Ben，It can be basically preserved that there should Bet365 lotto review be an early Tibetan Tibetan of the same Xiaoben。Han, Tibetan Summer and other cultural blending in this depth。From the source of the source, break through the original understanding，The result of the comparison of the existing Tibetan book and Xixiaben。

Corresponding to the text of Hanxia Tibetan and the question is correspondingly，Can be divided into 12 paragraphs (limited to the length of the length)。I know that there are two questions in Xixia's title，Simplified inscriptions translated from "Yan Luo Wang Jiao Ji Jing"，Perhaps this is the reason for the original classification to make a mistake。The formal scriptures of the two books of Xiazang are both long，About the topic of Hanben also added "Five Angels Showing"，The signature of Tibetan comes from the name of Hanben Temple and Tibeta，Although it is not corresponding; Xixia Ben has the signature of Hui Hai or Fahai, the main monk of the Yidai clothing。

The third paragraph is summer、The same Tibetan version is the same，Contents of Yan Luo Palace in Hanben，There are three burning daily and Yan Luo to see the monk's net confidence。Section 5 is incorporated into the pre -repair and other contents of the "Chinese Scriptures"，But the details of Xiazangben are a bit wrong。Because Han Ben said the pre -repair is 15、Fasting Fair，It can act easily。Xiazang two books are not two times a month and span a little bit.。From this at least, there is no Chinese monk participation when the original translation is pushed。Sixth Bodhisattva at the 6th Paragraph，Xia Zangben changed the picture of "Dragon Tree" in the "Dragon Tree" as the "Maitreya"。Section 7 Xixia Ben praise is particularly elegant。Paragraph 8 is a special dead fast paragraph，Only part of the "Chinese Scripture" in Hanben，None of the Xiazang Bente。Section 9 is interrogation for the first four kings of the ten kings，A lot of praise in Tibetan text。"Five Angels Questions" in Section 10，For Xiazang two unique books。Segment 11 is the remaining content of the Ten King。Section 12 is the final part of the ten queen，But the existing Tibetan book increases to understand the reincarnation，The concentrated ten king trial section is called the "concentrated Heart Sutra"，Finally ended with Maitreya Mantra。

Kanxia Ben and Han、The results of the full text of Tibetan text are proof of comparison of comparison，Summer、Two Tibetan books add to the content of the angel content and the scripture names, which corresponds to the height of the name; and Tibetan is currently only the first section of the ten kings、The three sections of the ten queens are "reincarnation" and "concentrated Heart Sutra" and "Maitreya Mantra".，Different from Xia Hanben。and summer、The remaining place in the Han Dynasty is about the same。and these four contents are also loose bet365 Play online games with this core relationship。So，Tibetan's present four parts of these four parts，It is suspected later。In short，After comparison of the Han Tibetan summer,，can be considered，After the Chinese text is circulated，Tibetan translation text that added Yan Luo Palace and the content of the five angels appeared，It was passed on at a certain time; Tibetan Buddhism was broadcast in Xixia，Therefore, it is translated into Xixiawen，Yu Xunzan Duojiawen。Pass to Dingzhou's Dingzhou Ben Simplified Symbol; and Tibet's Book of Tibet in parallel or gradually adds the post -several items，Become an existing Tibetan text。

Actually，Daniel's monograph has always emphasized that she is suffering from the specific evidence of the Ten King Sutra earlier in Tibet，But many reasons to be enumerated，So in this collection of the scriptures, there is a presence of the king of Karmapa and a virgin of the prayer.，It is speculated that this scripture was originally copied in the Kagyu sent monk。and the Katan sent monks use the tradition of good and evil karma for black white stones every day，It also corresponds to the use of black and white stones with the good and evil boy of Jing Jing。The ancestor of the ancestors in the picture is the Geori Monk，or can reflect this evolutionary trace。Differential Temperature Examination on the Story of the Han Dynasty Strange Novels and Tibetan Delo，The change of the mother -saving story in the land of Han Tibet，Makes us clearly visible to Han and Tibetan culture, although each system，Development is self -，But during the period of submerged flow, far exceeding imagination。Hexi Xixia Funeral Customs will be recorded according to the "Ten kings" rituals，Extremely magnificent and two -year fasting features，Hundred Days Zhai also has some traces，The strict decoration of the summer style should be related to its monk translator。

In short，Evidence of the results of the survey results according to the current scriptures，It can be seen that Xitian Longxiong was originally better than Ding Russia's Xixia Stationery.。Xixia Ben combines Chinese essays and Tuzanben，The main composition of Tibet's main body is the same，It is mainly based on Tuzanben，But remitting the important characteristics of the text of the text。

The difference between the classics is two aspects of style and composition。Chinese Chinese is a long prose and five words、Seven -character praise is made up; Tibet corresponds to the Seven -word praise of Hanke，Mixed ginseng five words，Almost the same five -character sentence。Xixia Ben uses eleven words，Quite elegant training，All Jingjing。Xia Zang two add two categories than Han text，First, add classic，Add Yan Luo Palace and the content of the five angels。Tibetan summer bet365 live casino games two books completely correspond to。The Ten King System is supplemented with the original classics，Although the implication of the five angels asked by the five angels, the sinner is self -sufficient，Transfer with Mahayana Buddhist merit、There are some differences in the basis of the nuclear essence of the filial piety，But Tibetan also added a sentence that emphasized merit at each king。The second is the interpretation and spell added by the Tibetan book，That is the Mito Realm、Six Ten Places、Concentrated Heart Sutra、Maitreya Mantra，Nothing to Xixiaben。Original said that Xixia Ben includes a large amount of Tibetan vocabulary，Now detailed comparison，It can be seen that removing the additional item，Tibetan text, which is basically the same as Xixiaben，It should be the appearance of the early Tibetan early menstruation。Although the algae of Xixia is more modified，But the original it was，It should be the foundation of this early Scripture in Tibet。The Scriptures of the Ten King Sutra of Hanzang Xia Ben，Can better explain Han、Tibet、Xixia and other cultural deep integration of the exchange of deep mergers。

　　Attachment: Beijing Debao Auction Co., Ltd. Autumn 72 Lot 2014 has the messenger of Xixiawen carved "Ten King Sutra"、The first four and the tenth king Tuzan。After the nuclear, the first four kings can be equivalent to the Russian Tibetan，There are also some words and sentence simplification and the same word in the same Mingzhou。

(Author Unit: Institute of World Religious Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Shaanxi Normal University)