The former Qin Taoist Wang Jia's "Pickups" is a famous magic novel，Although the book is based on miscellaneous records and monsters，But there are some real historical and cultural information that can make up for the deficiency of history，Such a book five about the "country of the Xiaoxiao" is an example:

　　Two years of Taiji，The country of Yinxiao in the West，Everyone is good，Husband Xiao Wenbaili，Woman howls to hear fifty miles，Rulous of the pole，Autumn and winter is clear，Sinking down in spring and summer。Pour from the tip of the tongue to the throat，Also known as the two tongue stirring，Scrape it with claws，The sound of the screaming is far away。Therefore, "Lu's Spring and Autumn" cloud "The country of rolling tongue"，That is also。There is the monarch of the Holy，。(Qi Zhiping School Note，Zhonghua Book Company 1981 edition，p. 124)

This text contains three languages: (1) From the "Taiji" sentence to the "spring and summer" sentence，is the core，It is said that the country is good at long howl;，How to "scream" as the core，Saying Changxiao is a tongue rolling; (3) The last four sentences expressed the author's cognition of this national howl。Here，We interpret this with national music and related music historical materials。

Taishi is the year of Emperor Hanwu，Two years in the first year of the Tai is 95 BC;，Dang "The Country of Yin Xiao"，"Yinxiao" and "Yin Xiao" are similar，Assembly from the sound of the sound (see below)。"Falted to the tip of the tongue to the throat" refers to the tongue rolling skills，But usually the tongue curls cannot be sounded，Ruqing Niuyu's "The Renewal of the Remnant" Volume III "Dumb" (Kangxi 39th Nine Years of the Bet365 lotto review Qing Dynasty) wrote a coward and found a big snake hidden in the cave，"Can't speak" after returning home，Three years later, "Encountering the Snake Place"，"There is a dragon out of the hole"，At this time, he suddenly recovered the ability to speak。Wimper said: "Those who can't make a tongue from tongue，This thing is! "It can be seen that people can't speak with tongue，Not only that，Tongue curls usually cannot sing。but，The basic technique of Changxiao is the tongue rolling。We read the poem "Xiao Tai" of the Yuanren Liu Ye:

　　Tongue Rolling Leaf Twita Ring，Crackstone can climb with clouds。鸾 凤 不 人 人，Wastel Speechless to Gongshan。

"Tongue like" sentence the long howthing method and mouth characteristics of the long howth is both appropriate and image，"Lift Stone" sentence is the artistic effect described as a long howl。And the ten howling methods recorded by the Tang Dynasty Sun Guang's "Dross" are all tongue -rolling methods，For example, "By the tongue about its upper teeth，Big opening two lips and stimulating it，Ordering in and out，Except excitement "，The long howling skills expressed in this paragraph constitute the foundation of the ten methods of the "Dawn"，"The Story of Picking" said "Two Tongue Stir"，"Anti -Tongue" said in "Lu's Spring and Autumn"，All meanings of tongue rolling，It can be seen that the method of tongue curls is the most critical technique for Changxiao。

In human vocal art，Only Haolin Chaoer (commonly known as "Humai") ​​art uses tongue rolling way。According to the research of contemporary music scholars and my personal singing experience，Humai's sounds are two: one is throat，One is tongue rolling，Shining throat first，Tongue curls in the back，But the interval between the successive inheritance is very short，Almost shrinking the throat bet365 live casino games while rolling the tongue。Geri Lotto pointed out，"The short explanation of the" falling into the throat "is as heavy as a jin，One word breaks the sky，It is indeed pointing out the key to the vocalist of Humai art "。("First Exploration of Humai Art") This sentence also indicates the significance of the tongue and throat.。As Guo Yunhe said，"Humai is the relative art of human pronunciation"，"Use the tongue to separate the air flow，The so -called qi larynx art art "，"Humai's singing is，First emit a continuous bass on the main voice，Then he sang a transparent tone melody with a transparent tone at the same time，Finally ended on the main voice。The whole song is singing in one breath。The airflow shock sound cords emit a bass sound department，At the same time, the breath is divided into two in the mouth "。("Theory Humai and its singing method") The tongue is this tool that divides the breath into two，From this created a magical recovery sound。The so -called "Falling in the throat at the tip of the tongue"，means to create a closed resonance pharyngeal cavity with the tongue，Under the impact of airflow，The throat is constantly shaking，Send a continuous howling sound。shown in the figure，Let's try Dr. Cai Zhen's image from the perspective of physics and vocalization to scientifically test the scientific test of Humai ("Physical Foundation of Polytein Singing Method"。This shows the importance of rolling tongue to Haolin Chaoer。

As for the "Book of Remaining", "Scrape it with claws，The sound of how much shock is far away "，It belongs to the "unknown phenomenon" in music appreciation (see Barras, Marie-CECIL and GOUIFFES, Anne-MARIE "Unknown Listener's Accept of Pan-Singing Singing"，2008，"The Reception of Overtone Singing by Uninformed Listeners", Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies, Spring/Fall, bet365 live casino games Vol. 2: 59-70)。These two sentences actually say。The mouth spring is a body sounding instrument built in the mouth，This kind of instrument is usually relatively small，So almost completely covered by hand when playing，As long as it is a little farther away from the performer，It is difficult for people to find its existence。Because the spring sound is very similar to the sound，So some people think that this is the national of the "country of chanting" and scrape the tongue with their fingers，Therefore, the voices of Xiaoxiao's mouth are mixed with Xiao itself。Although the tongue is not scratching，But the word "scrape" is enough to indicate，"The Kingdom of Yin Xiao" is popular with metal mouth spring，Its way to play is to play (seemingly "like" scraping the tongue with your fingers ")。At the same time，"Pickup" also conveyed the actual situation of the long howth art of "the country of chanting": when people are in the long sketch，Frequent springs accompaniment。In terms of sound quality，Humai and mouth spring are very similar，This is caused by similar scrutiny: Both use the oral cavity as a resonance，The former of the former depends on the adjustment of the tongue，and the latter is essentially "tongue built in the mouth"，So Mongolian also refers to the tongue tongue piano。The correlation between the springs and Humai is mainly manifested as the existence of continuous base sounds。In other words，Performer while moving the springs，You can also use the breath to emit continuous throat sound，3826_3842，Hosting music combined with a throat and spring sound。Therefore，In today's Humai art singing，Spring is also a often used accompaniment instrument。Sheng and 竽 belong to the editorial instrument，Although the reed that is built in its seedling tube is different from Bet365 app download the springs of independent performance，But its sound and mouth spring have homogeneity，is unquestionable。So，Say "The Voice of Ru Sheng Yan"，It is also reasonable;，With different seasons of temperature changes，The expansion coefficient will change accordingly，Therefore, there will be differences in sound color，This is the so -called "autumn and winter is clear，Sink down in spring and summer "。

As for the so -called "husband Xiao Wenbaili，Woman howls to hear fifty miles "，It means that the long howling distance of the long howth of "the country of chanting" is far away，There are many records in similar records，Such as Song Puji "Five Lantern Festival Yuan" Volume 5 "Biography of Master Yaoshan Weizhen Zen":

　　Division one night climbing and walking，Suddenly Yunkai meets the month，Xiaoxiao，Ying Yangyang East 90 Miles，Residents are full of owners，Ask in the morning，until Yaoshan。Dushu said: "Last night, the top of the monk mountains。”

Modern scientific test，People of the same height，Women's channels are one -third shorter than men，Therefore，Women's howl is not as much as the man's howth，This is understandable。According to research，One mile in the Qin and Han dynasties is roughly 415.8 meters; then， 100 miles is about 41580 meters，About 83.16 miles，that is 41.58 kilometers，50 miles are currently 20.79 kilometers。(See Liang Fangzhong's "Liang Fangzhong Collection: Chinese Household Registration、Field、Tian Fu Statistics ") Why is Xiaoxiao spread so far? first，Is the environment of the mountain，Like a natural speaker with a good resonance，Can send the sound to a far place; followed by，The humidity in the mountains is relatively large，Forest Mumao，Xiquan compete for flow，More helpful to the transmission of sarwan; finally，Bulin howl，Farther spread than bet365 Play online games the scream of the treble，Blot Homai，Its sound can not only turn around，And there is a strong function in a certain stage during the transmission process。When "a person may strengthen the pan -sound to the incredible level 43"，It is not a problem to be transmitted to the special mountain environment to dozens of miles away.，Because the audio at this time has reached 4,200 Hz! If there is no throat effect，If there is no music presentation of the Pantech -column，Anyone who wants to send his singing to such a far place is impossible。(See Theodore C. Levin "Tuwa's Singer")

The Western "Guo Guo Guo" recorded in "The Story"，In fact, it refers to today's Altai Mountains。Alcai means Kingsoft in Mongolian，Stretching more than 3,000 kilometers，Cross China、Russia、Mongolian and Kazakhstan four countries。1998，Pioneer Morgi Hu published "Act to the Ancient Mongolian Music Cultural Circle of Altay"，The point of view of "howling is the Homai"。The record of "Pickup" is enough to indicate，In the Western Han Dynasty of my country，Altai's Humai Art and Spring Art is highly developed。Li Ling's "Answer Suwu Book":

　Liangqiu September，Outreach grass decay。Night can't sleep，Hu Yan Interaction，Hu Yan Interaction，Wrangler Sadness，Yinxiao Group，Voice of the side。("Selected" Volume 41

Hu Yan's grievances，The sorrow of the horse，The shepherd's chanting，It constitutes a poetic、The outer side sound of the cries like。How magnificent national life scrolls are this!

Hegel said: "In the field of music，The free audio of the soul is the melody。"(" Aesthetics "Volume 3) When a shepherd sings Humai，Often only heaven and earth、Natural and livestock listen to his singing，Therefore，This natural singing is the singer's comfort to the soul。In other words，Chang Xiao is the singing of bet365 best casino games the soul。Xiao Sheng is inner，Is in parallel with people。Changxiao reflects a kind of music spirit that is reduced。Because of the existence of this spirit of music，The whole world is no longer a silent dead water，and present a sound state from chaos, disorderly harmonious and orderly movement，Reflected the deepest connotation of music，The highest true truth that reflects the inner mind。

(Author Unit: Ministry of Chinese Literature and Literature of Northwest National University; Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)