Social changes in the late Ming Dynasty have an important and far -reaching impact on the mentality of scholars，On the one hand, the scholar group continues and adheres to the aggressive spirit of traditional intellectuals and the feelings of the country，On the other hand, the inquiry and excavation of the inner emotions of the individual began。This kind of scholar mentality that is different from the previous generation has a vivid manifestation in the creation of small text。Wan Mingshi recorded his difficult journey on the way to enter the WTO，Expressing a high degree of concern for social reality，At the same time, it also shows the individual literati interest and transcendence of birth mentality。The changes in the mentality of the late Mingshi greatly enriched the content and performance space of the theme of the creation of the papers，Make this literary form to the peak。

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As an elite group as a society，The time formed by the class of scholars can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty。According to "Book of Rites · King Fifth": "Doctor Qing above the princes、Doctor of the next、Shangshi、Chinese Shi、Sales，Fifth class。"From this we can know，Early scholars were social classes between doctors and civilians，and the princes、Dr. Qing has a certain personal attachment relationship。The class of the scholars belongs to the bottom of the aristocracy，Education has been received，Can enjoy "food fields"，Therefore, you don't have to participate in labor。End of the Spring and Autumn Period，Rites Light and Bad，The scholar group gradually lost the original life dependence，But therefore gained personal freedom。From this，The class of scholars became an important and special group in ancient Chinese society，Zhou between the king and the road，Both the participants and witnesses of national politics，It is also the inheritor and creator of Chinese culture。

Scholars' mentality condenses bet365 best casino games the more stable life value orientation and personal moral ethics in the ancient Chinese groups，It is a concentrated manifestation of the overall style of ancient Chinese society and the mainstream trend of thought。Chinese scholars are generally immersed and influenced by Confucianism，"Poor is alone，Da Ze and the World "has laid a deep brand in the minds of scholars，"Slim、Qi Jia、Governing the country、Pingtianxia "has become a goal for them to continue to struggle throughout their lives。Overall，Active heart to enter the WTO is always the mainstream ideological concept of Chinese literature creation，This is also reflected in the creation of sketches during the late Ming Dynasty。

The heart of the WTO is first reflected in the persistence of the scholar group for the road of imperial examinations。Public security writers who have had an important impact on the literary world of the late Ming Dynasty are representatives of the late Mingshi。Public Security Writers Yuan Zhongdao suffers from the road of imperial examinations for a lifetime，But always insisted on traveling on this road。He has a detailed description in the experience of the long -term science field in the sketch: "When writing,，Think of bitterness，Frequent vomiting blood。Every time to the science field is near，Toyo ended，Fighting Destiny。and one entrance，Follow -shaped，Ru Drama Post Horse，When I stopped。Fighting year -old，Lexu and bitter。Fingertips，From Wuzi to Gengyu，Love is true。Entering the field from 19，41 years old this year。"" ("Heart Crimine") This text depicts a real psychological activity of a scholar trek on the road of imperial examinations，Love is true。Supporting Yuan Zhongdao's long -lasting spiritual motivation on the road of imperial examinations is Confucianism's positive idea of ​​entering the WTO。He has received Confucian education since childhood，The idea of ​​active entering the WTO has long been rooted，The ancient training of Jishin and Anmin has been adhered to，It is believed that passing the imperial examination as an official is the most successful logo in life。

The heart of entering bet365 Play online games the WTO is also reflected in the attention and thinking of social reality in the group of scholars。For example，Facing the social reality of the late Ming Dynasty，The writer of the Lingling faction shows that the literati class cares about current affairs、The ideological emotion of worrying the country and the people。They have a keen insight in social reality，Often there is a deep perspective and discussion。For example，The representative writer of the Tombs, Zhong Yan, truly records the accumulation of salt warehouses caused by the salt warehouse caused by the salt of the two Huai regions of the Wanli period of the Wanli of the Ming Dynasty，It shows sincere praise for Yuan Cangyu's system that implements the implementation of the salt outline method。The article finally proposes the author's cognition and thinking: "The effect of the outline is like，Those who cannot be said，See it for it，It is too easy to doubt that he is too easy ...，Those who have their own difficulty but easy，and people are afraid of their difficulties; and on the day of the efforts，Those who have their own and easy and difficult，And people are suspicious of their easy。The World，How can it sue people one by one! "An extremely in -depth analysis of the management issues that existed at that time，Social problems with a high sense of responsibility，This is exactly the clear portrayal of the ancient scholars' attention to social reality。

Another representative writer of Tanling School Tan Yuanchun also pays attention to the real problems of the country and society in the work。Tan Yuanchun faces the bad atmosphere in the real society in the article "Shao Sima Cai Gong's Pinnaches"，Compared analysis of the "Qi" emphasized by ancient and modern times，Point out that ancient gentlemen pay attention to raising Hao Ran Zhengqi，And now the class of scholars climbs blindly comparison: "The ancient gentlemen are afraid of nourishing qi，Qi to raise wisdom，Those who are now qi，皋 訾訾，It is just better than others。Make the 皋 訾訾 訾訾，Discovered，Has been exhausted，How can you be angry? "Two relative ratio，The World Wind of the Late bet365 best casino games Ming Dynasty immediately appeared。The writer of the Lingling faction still reflects the positive mentality advocated by Confucianism in the reality。

　The emotion of the surpassing birth

Zuo Dongling proposed in the book "Wang Xue and the Middle -Evening Mind Mental"，Yangming Heart in the late Ming Dynasty prompted people at the time to start thinking about the settlement of individual life，Therefore, the mentality of the scholar began to gradually tilt to the individual，presents a characteristic that is different from the past。The significant changes in the mentality of the late Mingshi people are reflected in literary creation.。According to the perspective of ancient Chinese aesthetics，It is easier to send when people are calm and peaceful in their hearts。As Lao Tzu proposed "virtual quietness" said: "To the virtual pole，Shoujingtu。I watched it，I watched it。Fuwu Yunyun，Each returns to its roots。The royalty said ‘Jing’，Jing Yue ‘Rehabilitation’。Fate ‘Say Chang’，Knowing ‘Ming’。"" ("Lao Tzu" Chapter 16) The creation of sketches in the late Ming Dynasty reflects this transcendent aesthetic emotion。

The emotion of birth has an important impact on the subject matter of the Well -Ming Douxinwen。Before that，Chinese scholars often regard the natural world full of landscapes as a place where the world is negative，So most of the works of the love landscape come from the negative and derogatory ministers、Hidden Scholars。Xie Lingyun, the pioneer of the landscape poetry school, was dissatisfied with the suppression of the clan at that time，Instead of looking for soul comfort in natural landscape。Starting from late Ming，The literati group no longer uses the landscapes to visit nature as a way to resolve the depression，Instead, as a popular social fashion。Zhang Ye once described the scene where people traveled at the time: "Leaving the state city number，Tooth Family Welcome，Control horse to its door，Ten horses in front of the door，Top ten rooms，Ten more rooms。Xiangxiang is a state，I do n’t know what it ’s a store。"(" 岱 ") At that time, the taxi class had regarded travel tour as extremely bet365 Play online games important leisure activities in daily life。In this context，The literati group is more to appreciate the landscape in nature with a relaxed and pleasant mood，This transcendent aesthetic emotion laid an important foundation for the true nature of the natural。

The literati group during the late Ming Dynasty not only had a high enthusiasm for visiting the mountains and rivers，Also good at passing poetry、Calligraphy, calligraphy and other art forms detailed the whole process of the tour，and take the opportunity to express my unique aesthetic experience for landscapes，Among them, the most typical one is Zhang's "West Lake Dream Search"。"West Lake Dream Search" tells the detailed experience of Zhang Ye's tour in Hangzhou West Lake，Among them, Leifeng Tower、Su Gongdi、Zhaoqing Temple and many other scenic spots and humanistic monuments，An important document for understanding West Lake to become a descendant。Another sketch at that time, Wang Siren, the same is the same，It did not express my feelings in landscape works or not to encounter or qi，Instead of pursuing a state of physical and mental integration into the realm of landscape。As he said in "Touring · Ji You": "As for the Birds Yue Mountain Light，The shadow of the empty pond of the human heart，This is the other I am here，Those who do not say each other，This is the saying for this，but the shape of the mountains and rivers is like，The second Yun Er。"The realm of harmonious and unity of nature with nature is difficult to accurately describe in words。Under this super -born mood，The creative subject only regards itself as part of the natural landscape，can we really taste the beauty of nature。

The feelings of birth have also profoundly affected the aesthetic taste of the writer of the late Ming sketch。For example，Public security faction writers have a unique perception and understanding of "fun" in the creation of small texts。Lu Yunlong puts forward in the article "Mr. Yuan Zhonglang Lang"，The creation of the Public Security School "True True Sexuality，Sexuality is interesting "，It is believed that "interesting" is an important aesthetic features created by the Bet365 lotto review Public Security San Yuan Xiaopinwen，Is a concentrated manifestation of the concept of the creative subject。Yuan Hongdao discusses his aesthetic proposition of pursuing "fun" in the article "Syrian Chen Zhengfu's Heart Collection": "The rare of the world is only fun。Fun as the color on the mountain，taste in water，Light in flowers，The state of the female middle，Although good speakers cannot the next speech，Only those who know the heart。"From this we can see，"Fun" emphasized by the Public Security School is a kind of casual beauty of surpassing birth，Follow human natural nature，Based on this，The doctrine of "spiritual spirit" can be realized。

People are traveling with the natural scenery，Deep in the heart will always cause a different emotional experience。This emotional experience will be different with the changes in the scene。When the creative subject is visiting the natural landscape，It should be upholding a more high -profile heart chest，and gradually from love，To achieve the fit and penetration of the nature of personal temperament and landscape。​​Wang Siren has an extremely incisive explanation of this: "，The principle of swimming in nature，River and temperament at first sight，Fun Tong of Simbi。"(" Tour · Shimen ") Zhang Ye also insisted on the emotion of his own text、Zhitu and the natural scenery in front of you are integrated，As he described the beautiful natural scenery in Qixia in the article "Qixia"，Expressing the temperament and taste of the creative body during the tour。Faced with the gorgeous sunset and sails in the river in the Qixia area，The author's heart is the vastness of the mountains and rivers。This unique aesthetic experience，Non -reaching the realm of oversupply。

Late Ming is an important turning period in ancient Chinese society。With the change of economic foundation，Thought、Cultural consciousness and other social consciousness areas have also changed huge changes。Scholarship has a natural sensitivity to changes in the field of social consciousness，Their individual mentality also presents the characteristics bet365 Play online games of the previous generation: on the one hand，They still adhere to the aggressive consciousness of Chinese traditional intellectuals and the feelings of the country，I want to make a difference in the torrent of the times; on the other hand,，The rise of the new social trend represented by Yangming Heart also prompted them to explore the emotions deep in their hearts，Have a new aesthetic thinking about nature。This complicated and contradictory mentality is also vividly reflected in the creation of a small text，The sketch text of the late Mingshi truly expresses the journey of their difficulty in the world on the way to enter the WTO，Expressing a high degree of concern for social reality，On the other hand, it also shows the individual literati interest and transcendence mentality。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Guangxi University for Nationalities)