The social changes bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty had an important and far-reaching impact on the mentality of scholars，On the one hand, the scholar group continued and adhered to the enterprising spirit and feelings of family and country of traditional intellectuals，On the other hand, it also began to explore and excavate the inner emotions of individuals。This mentality of scholars, which is different from that of previous generations, is vividly reflected bet365 coupon code creation of essays。The scholars of the late Ming Dynasty recorded their arduous journey into the world in their essays，Expressed high concern about social reality，At the same time, it also shows individual literati taste and detached worldly mentality。The changes bet365 coupon code mentality of scholars bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty greatly enriched the subject matter content and expression space of sketch creation，Bringing this literary form to its peak。

　Positive attitude towards bet365 coupon code affairs

As an elite group in society，The formation bet365 coupon code scholar class can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty。According to "The Book of Rites: The Fifth King System": "The noblest official among the princes、Xia Dafu、Staff Sergeant、Sergeant、Corporal，Fifth level。”It can be seen from this，The early scholars were a social class between the officials and the common people，With the princes、Doctor Qing has a certain degree of personal dependence。The scholar class belongs to the bottom bet365 coupon code aristocracy，Educated，Can enjoy the "food field"，So there is no need to participate in labor。Late Spring and Autumn Period，The collapse of rituals and the collapse of music，The scholar group gradually lost its original livelihood support，But he also gained personal freedom。From now on，The scholar class became an important and special group in ancient Chinese society，Walking between the king and the Tao，Being both a participant and witness in national politics，Also the inheritor and creator of Chinese culture。

The mentality of scholars embodies the relatively stable life value orientation and personal moral integrity among ancient Chinese scholars，It is a concentrated expression of the overall style and mainstream ideological trends of ancient Chinese society。Chinese scholars are generally influenced and influenced by Confucianism，“If you are poor, take care of yourself，The idea of ​​"promoting excellence and benefiting the world" has left a deep imprint on the minds of scholars，“Slimming、Qijia、Governing the country、Peace the world" has become their lifelong goal of continuous struggle。Overall，A positive desire to join the world has always been the mainstream ideology in Chinese literary creation，This is also reflected bet365 coupon code creation of sketches bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty。

The desire to join the world is first reflected bet365 coupon code scholars’ persistence in pursuing the imperial examination。The Gong'an writers who had an important influence on the literary world of the late Ming Dynasty are representatives of the scholars of the late Ming Dynasty。Yuan Zhongdao, a public security writer, suffered from the imperial examination career，But always keep trekking on this road。In his essay, he described in detail his experience of being trapped bet365 coupon code examination room for a long time: "When composing a text，Thinking hard，Often vomiting blood。Every time the examination room is approaching，The curtain falls on Todo，Fight your life。And one admission，Work and humiliation，Ruju Yima，Endless time。Chasing each other every year，Virtual happiness but real bitterness。Count on a handful，From Wuzi to Gengxu，Fan Jiu Ke。Enter since 19th，I am also forty-one years old this year。"("Heart Rhythm") This text describes the true psychological activities of a scholar trekking on the road to the imperial examination，Sincere love。The spiritual motivation that supported Yuan Zhongdao’s long-term persistence bet365 coupon code imperial examination was the Confucian thought of actively joining the world。He received Confucian education since childhood，The idea of ​​actively joining the world has long been ingrained，Always adhere to the ancient motto of helping the world and bringing peace to the people，Believe that passing the imperial examination to become an official is the most successful sign in life。

The desire to join the world is also reflected bet365 coupon code scholars’ concern and thinking about social reality。For example，Facing the social reality of the late Ming Dynasty，The writers of the Jingling School showed the literati’s concern for current affairs in their creations、Thoughts and emotions of concern for the country and the people。They have a keen insight into social reality，Often thought-provoking opinions and discussions。For example，Zhong Xing, a representative writer of the Jingling School, truly recorded the backlog of salt warehouses bet365 coupon code Lianghuai area due to the collapse of the Salt Law during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty bet365 coupon code "Preface to the Lianghuai Salt Law Outline"，He expressed his heartfelt praise for Yuan Cangru who did not follow the trend and proposed the implementation of the Salt Code。At the end of the article, the author's cognition and thinking are clearly stated: "The effect of the outline is like this，Those who say it cannot be done，Seeing that he is doing it without any effort，On the contrary, because it is too easy, I doubt there is another reason... Most people think that it is impossible to do it，Those who find it difficult will find it easy，And people are afraid of difficulties；And the day when no effort is spared，There are easy and difficult things，But people doubt the change。World affairs，How can I tell anyone the reason one by one！”An extremely in-depth analysis of the salt industry management issues that existed at that time，Facing existing social problems with a high sense of responsibility，This is a clear portrayal of the ancient scholar class’ concern for social reality。

Tan Yuanchun, another representative writer of the Jingling School, also pays keen attention to the practical problems of the country and society in his works。Tan Yuanchun directly faced the bad trends existing bet365 coupon code real society in his article "Shao Sima Cai Gong Fu Guizhou"，Comparative analysis of the "qi" emphasized in ancient and modern times，Point out that ancient gentlemen paid attention to maintaining righteousness，Nowadays, the scholar class mostly compares blindly: "The gentlemen in ancient times were afraid of nourishing their Qi，Qi to nourish wisdom，The one who is angry now，Gaogaozizi，It’s just about being better than others。How can Gao Gao Zizi be better than others，Leaked，It’s all done，How can I be angry again？”Comparing the two aspects，The decline of the world bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty was immediately apparent。The Jingling School writers’ concern for reality still reflects the positive worldly mentality advocated by Confucianism。

　The bet365 coupon code feeling of transcendence

Zuo Dongling proposed bet365 coupon code book "Wang Xue and the Mentality of Scholars bet365 coupon code Middle and Late Ming Dynasty"，The Yangming Theory of Mind bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty prompted scholars at that time to begin to think about the placement of individual life，As a result, the mentality of scholars began to gradually tilt toward individual self-adaptation，Showing different characteristics from the past。The significant change bet365 coupon code mentality of scholars bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty is reflected bet365 coupon code leisurely and tranquil aesthetic taste of "seeing Nanshan leisurely" in literary creation。Based on the perspective of ancient Chinese aesthetics，People are more likely to express feelings when their hearts are calm and peaceful。As Lao Tzu put forward the theory of "Xu Jing": "To the extreme of emptiness，Keep quiet。All things work together，I will look back。husband Yunyun，Each returns to its roots。The bottom line is ‘quiet’，Jing said ‘return to life’。Resume ‘Daily’，Knowledge often says ‘Ming’。” (Chapter 16 of "Laozi") The creation of essays bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty reflects this transcendent aesthetic emotion。

The feeling of being born has an important influence on the themes of sketches bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty。Before this，The Chinese scholar class often regarded the natural world full of beautiful mountains and rivers as a place of passive escape，That’s why most of the works that express feelings about landscapes were written by relegated ministers who were passive and shunned the world、Hermit。For example, Xie Lingyun, the founder of the landscape poetry school, was dissatisfied with the suppression of the gentry class at that time，Turn to find spiritual solace in natural mountains and waters。Since the late Ming Dynasty，Literature groups no longer regard visiting natural mountains and rivers as a way to relieve depression，But as a quite popular social trend。Zhang Dai once described the scene of people traveling at that time: "A few miles away from the city，Yajia Zhiying，Control the horse to its door，A dozen stables in front of the door，Dozens of brothels，More than ten apartments for excellent people。Xiang Sui is a matter of one state，I didn’t know it was just a store。"("Dai Zhi") The scholar class at that time had regarded travel and sightseeing as an extremely important leisure activity in daily life。In this context，The literati group appreciates the mountains and rivers in nature more with a relaxed and happy mood，This transcendent aesthetic emotion lays an important foundation for feeling the true nature of nature。

The literati group bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty not only had a high enthusiasm for visiting scenic spots，Also good at writing poetry、Calligraphy, painting and other art forms record the whole process of the tour in detail，And took the opportunity to express his unique aesthetic experience of landscape，The most typical one is Zhang Dai’s "Dream Seeking the West Lake"。"Dream of the West Lake" tells Zhang Dai's detailed experience of visiting the West Lake area in Hangzhou，Including Leifeng Pagoda、Su Gongdi、Zhaoqing Temple and many other scenic spots and cultural relics，Become an important document for future generations to understand the West Lake。The same was true for Wang Siren, another famous sketch writer at that time，He did not express his feelings of underappreciation or injustice in his landscape works，Instead, we pursue a state of complete integration of body and mind into the landscape。As he said in "You Huan Ji You": "As for the joy of the bird's nature, the mountain light，The shadow of the empty pool bet365 coupon code human heart，This is the other and I am together，Those who don’t tell each other，This is what I say today，It’s just like the mountains and rivers，The second step of Dengshe Yun'er。”This state of harmony and unity between man and nature is difficult to accurately describe in words。In this transcendent state of mind，The creative subject can only regard itself as a part of the natural landscape，In order to truly appreciate the beauty of nature。

The feeling of being out of the world also profoundly affected the aesthetic taste of essay writers bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty。For example，The public security writers have a unique perception and understanding of "interest" bet365 coupon code creation of sketches。Lu Yunlong proposed bet365 coupon code article "Reporting Mr. Yuan Zhonglang's Sketch"，The creations of the Gong'an School are "sincere and spiritual"，When the spirit appears, the interest arises”，Believe that "interesting" is an important aesthetic feature bet365 coupon code creation of police three Yuan's essays，It is the concentrated expression of the transcendent concept of the creative subject。Yuan Hongdao elaborated on his aesthetic proposition of pursuing "fun" in his article "A Narrative of Chen Zhengfu's Huixinji": "The only thing that is rare bet365 coupon code world is fun。Interesting as the color on the mountain，The taste of water，Light bet365 coupon code Flower，The state of a girl，Although he is good at speaking, he cannot say anything，Only those who understand know it。”It can be seen from this，The "interest" emphasized by the Gong'an School is a kind of transcendent and casual beauty，In line with human nature，On this basis，Only then can the theory of "spirit" be realized。

People are enjoying the natural scenery while enjoying the scenery，There will always be a different kind of emotional experience deep bet365 coupon code heart。This emotional experience will vary with the change of scenery。The creative subject is visiting the natural landscape，Should uphold a more lofty and broad-minded mind，And gradually come to terms with emotion，Thus realizing the harmony and connection between personal temperament and the nature of landscape。Wang Siren has a very insightful explanation of this: "The love of husband's travel is in Gaokuang，The principle of swimming lies in nature，Landscape and temperament are in harmony at first sight，Spiwo's Qutong。” (“Wandering to the Stone Gate”) Zhang Dai also insisted on expressing his own emotions bet365 coupon code creation of essays、Integrate your interests and the natural scenery in front of you，For example, in his article "Qixia", he described the beautiful natural scenery of Qixia in detail，Expresses the temperament and interest of the creative subject when traveling。Facing the gorgeous sunset in Qixia and the distant shadow of sails bet365 coupon code river，The author suddenly felt a sense of vast mountains and rivers。This unique aesthetic experience，You cannot understand it unless you reach a transcendent realm。

The late Ming Dynasty was an important turning period in ancient Chinese society。With changes bet365 coupon code economic base，Thoughts、Culture and other fields of social consciousness are also undergoing tremendous changes。The scholar group is naturally sensitive to changes bet365 coupon code field of social consciousness，Their individual mentality also shows characteristics that are different from those of previous generations: on the one hand，They still adhere to the enterprising consciousness and feelings of family and country of traditional Chinese intellectuals，Desire to make a difference bet365 coupon code changing tide of the times；On the other hand，The rise of new social trends represented by Yangming’s Psychology also prompted them to explore their innermost emotions，Have new aesthetic thinking on natural rationality。This complex and contradictory mentality is also vividly reflected bet365 coupon code creation of essays，On the one hand, the essays written by scholars bet365 coupon code late Ming Dynasty truly express their mental journey on their arduous journey into the world，Expressed high concern about social reality，On the other hand, it also shows individual literati taste and detached mentality。

(bet365 coupon code’s unit: College of Liberal Arts, Guangxi University for Nationalities)