"University" is one of the Confucian classics "Four Books"，Originally the 42nd of the Book of Rites，Zhu Xi compiled it with "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius" and "The Gold" as "Four Books"，Two or listed as its first。"University" as an important carrier of Confucianism，It is a programmatic text that reflects the planning of Confucian intellectuals in life。16th Century，"University" was translated into Latin，Since then, the road to West Biography has been opened。At the end of the 18th century，"University" was first translated into Russian，"University" has spread more than 200 years of history in Russia。

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According to records，Italian Jesus Luo Mingjian、Matteo Ricci first translated "Four Books" into Latin，Among them, including "University"。1662，The Italian Jesus Yin Duoze and the Portuguese Jesus Guo Najue published a Latin version of "Chinese Wisdom"，There are 2 pages of Confucius biography and 14 pages of "University" translation and some "Analects" translation，After being taken to Europe after being taken to Europe。1687，Belgian Jesus Bai Yingli published in Paris and published in Paris.，Austrian Jesus Scholar Grace、"Confucius Confucius" compiled by Yin Duoze，Introduction to Chinese classics in the book、The Latin translation of Confucius and the Latin translation of Confucius and "University", "The Golden Mean" and "The Analects"，This was the collection of Jesus' mission in China at that bet365 best casino games time，In Europe, it set off the first wave of enthusiasm for Confucius wisdom (Li Xinde's translation and interpretation of the "Four Books" ")。1688，Amsterdam issued the French translation of the book La Morale Dê Confucius。1691，Based on Latin and French translations，Taylor Publishing Company released the English version of this book in London。

"Four Books" full translation appeared in 1711，Based on "Chinese Philosopher Confucius" by Belgian Jesuit，Translated "University", "The Golden Mean", "The Analects", "Mencius", "Filial Sutra", "The Scriptures" into Latin and published by Prague University，named "The Six Classics of the Chinese Empire" (Li Xinde's translation and interpretation of the "Four Books" ")。Wei Fangji not only translates text，Choose translation calendar notes，Very detailed。1783-1786，The French Pukai translated it into French and published in Paris，This is the first time "University" met with French readers in French.。1776，South Korea -English Law Translation "University" Publishing，Named "University，or Great Scholars "，and being included in the first volume of "Chinese Miscellaneous Compilation"，This book is one of the "three great works" of Chinese sinology in the 18th century，It is also the source of the Russian translation of "University"。

"University" in the early days of the Western translation was completed by Jesus，Show the conficate's classic Christian tendency。Jesus gives more high evaluation and even beautification of Chinese classics，I believe that it is very consistent with the principle of Christianity。During the translation process of Western，Jesus also bet365 best casino games strongly proves to Europeans，Chinese also believe in God。Because of this，Confucianism is greatly solved。

　"Western School of Russia" and "University" entered Russia

16-18 Century，The spread and influence of Chinese thought and culture in Europe，formed the "China Hot" for a century in Europe。The reform of the Tsar Peter I opened the door of Russia to Europe，Russian Knowledge Elite began to pass the law、Ying、German translation to understand China，Confucian classics and thoughts have entered Russia since then。

"University" presented in Russia for the first time。1730，The German historian and linguist Bayer's translation of Bai Yingli, then the academician of the Petersburg Academy of the Academy of Sciences, Russia，Ji translated some chapters of "University"，and income "China Expo" (volume below)。In addition to the original Chinese text of "University" in the book、Latin translation outside，There is also a complete vocabulary comparison table and quoting the term annotations that Jesus explained the words.。Bayer's translation although there are many errors and missed translations，But it has important pioneering significance。

At the end of the 18th century，The various Russian translations of "University" have been released in succession。The first Russian translation of "University" is by Russian writer、Enlightenment thinker Feng Weixin completed。It is reported，Feng's reference to South Korea's "University" legal translation，"University，or the Great Doctrine containing Chinese high -profile philosophy "as the title，Anonymously published the translation in the "Institute of Sciences" in May 1779。1801，This Russian translation was bet365 live casino games included in the essay "People who love truth" in the anonymous published by St. Petersburg，1866，His collected "Feng Weixin Collection"。Following Feng's，Leon Jayev's "University" Russian translation came out in the second year。According to research，This translation is translated from Manwen，Published in "Academy of Sciences News" published in May 1779，Affiliate by the European Scholars in Europe，and translated into German one after another、French。Since then，The Russian court translator Vololphin's translation of "Chinese Miscellaneous Compilation" in Russia from 1786-1788 published it and published it。

1779-1806，For more than 20 years，Three "universities" Russian translations appeared one after another，Behind the translating climax is the real appeal of Russian society。Affected by European Enlightenment，Russian intellectuals have expressed political demands，Sales to change society，"Mingde" and "Career" and other "benevolent" thoughts promoted by "University" can be used as a mirror that views the reality of Russia's society，Become a Russian intellectual against the Tsar Government、Society of critical social reality。Three translators all give high evaluations to Confucianism，The real purpose of their translation of "University" is politics。

　Return to this purpose and "University" repeat

19th Century，"University" lost social and political critical function in Russia。Because of this，The purpose of Russian translation of "University" began to return to academics，The purpose of Russian translation is to start pure research on the Confucian thoughts it contains。

Bhikkhulin，The founder bet365 best casino games of Russian Sinology，Completed two Russian translations of "University" in 1820 and 1834; members of Russia to the 10th missionary of China、Professor of Kazan University Savilov at 1828、1840 and 1841-1842 completed three Russian translations。But，These translations are not published，Only the manuscript is saved。The exposition of translator's translation practice can be seen，The motivation for their translation is more due to the needs of Sinology research，The accuracy is the first。

The late 19th century and early 20th century，Russia has a social and political crisis again，The potential political theory of "University" has aroused the attention of Russian Wenhogv Tolstoy。He pays attention to Confucianism from a cultural perspective，Reconstruction of your ideological system，Try to save the Russian crisis。1884，Tosh wrote "Confucius' theory" and "On the University" "(unlisted)，and "Chinese Classics" as the bottom book，Translate Chapter 1。1903，Bran Hot translation from English translation "University"，The "Foreword" part of its translation is the first chapter of the "University" translated by Tuo's。1910，Blan Hot Published "The Life and Academic Theory of Confucius"，Inner Toto Diary、Article and its "University" Chapter 1 Translation。

After the outbreak of the October Revolution，Chinese classics are no longer an important research object of Russian intellectuals，Except for the translation of Feng Weixin's "University" translation in 1959 and Coroco's linguistic analysis of "University"，The translation and research of "University" is almost missing。The bet365 live casino games 1980s，"University" once again entered the vision of Russian sinologists。1986，Sinologist Kobazherf's "University" Russian translation publishing，This translation is complete、Detailed、Clear levels，It is a rare academic translation for "University"。early 21st century，Feng Weixin's "University" translation、Collection of Bran Hot、Tolstoy's "University" translation of translation is reappeared。2004 to commemorate the birth of Confucius 2555，Russia published a full set of "Four Books" Russian version，"University" is the translation of Kobzerf。Translation for Kobazhef，Sinologist Bellemov proposed，This is not a book written to philosophers，Instead, it is written to readers from Russia。

Since 1730 Bayer translated the "University" into Latin to a full set of "Four Books" Russian version，"University" has gone through more than 200 years in Russia。Tracing the trajectory of "University" in Russia can be found，For a long time，The Russian translation of "University" has obvious political tendencies，Repeated weapon for Russian intellectuals to express political appeal。Now，Russian sinologists again set their sights on "University"，See it as the key to understanding the traditional culture of the Chinese nation。After many translations、Repeated translation and interpretation，The Russian translation of "University" finally returned to its cultural value itself，An important part of becoming a cultural exchange。

(This article is the "Research on the Comparison and Database Construction of Confucian Concepts and British Translation and Database Construction" (21yye424) in Heilongjiang Province Philosophy and Social Science Research bet365 Play online games Planning Project in Heilongjiang Province)

(Author Unit: Russian Literature and Cultural Research Center of Heilongjiang University)