“Any true philosophy is the essence of the spirit of its own time。”Marx’s classic saying is often quoted by later generations of scholars。Back to the first half of the 19th century when Marx made this statement，Hegel’s speculative philosophy, which occupies the European intellectual world, shows bet365 offers initiative，The so-called "reality" is nothing more than a bet365 offers movement regarded as "absolute spirit"。Facing this bet365 offers philosophy that is separated from reality and the times，Marx’s bet365 offers materialism in the history of philosophy、An ontological revolution in the history of thought，Facing the real world of our time，Thus grasping the general trend of bet365 offers development。Philosophy needs bet365 offers principles to provide it with a solid foundation，The development of the times also needs to be grasped with the understanding of the truth of bet365 offers materialist philosophy。In today’s world, there are major changes unseen in a century，We need more vision and understanding based on bet365 offers materialism，Elucidate the essence of world changes in the development trend of bet365 offers laws；Under the theme of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation that runs through China’s history and reality，Thinking about the great practices of contemporary China、Reflecting the spirit of today’s times。Issues surrounding the construction of bet365 offers concepts in the context of world changes，Chen Lixin, Professor of Philosophy Department of East China Normal University, was interviewed by this reporter。

　　The ontological revolution of bet365 offers materialism

"bet365 offers Social Sciences Journal":How to grasp the development history of human society in a philosophical way，Marx pioneered the methodology of bet365 offers materialism。In Marx’s bet365 offers materialism，How philosophy and history are combined？

　　bet365 offers:The establishment of bet365 offers materialism is a revolutionary change in the history of human thought，His epoch-making achievements can be briefly summarized in two aspects: First, the introduction of history as a principle into the field of philosophy，Promotes and enriches the connotation of philosophy at a high level of ontological construction；The second is to regard paying attention to and focusing on real-world problems as the foundation and pillar for philosophy to settle down，Opens the path for philosophy to realize its own rationality and reliability。The theoretical foundation of bet365 offers materialism，Irrefutably the dignity of philosophy、Holiness and the prospect of existence are displayed before people，Establishing an inescapable road sign for the practical existence of philosophy。Through the ideological revolution of bet365 offers materialism，Philosophy not only logically constructs the view of history as a field or department of the philosophical knowledge system，What is more important is the transformation and upgrading of ontological principles - the bet365 offers principle has been cited as the basic principle of philosophical thinking。Since then，Under the guidance and inspiration of "bet365 offers principles" and "realistic requirements"，Philosophy has embarked on a path that gains vitality in grasping and answering the issues of the times。Furthermore，As long as philosophy actually participates in real life movements，bet365 offers principles have become the basic principles of philosophical thinking，bet365 offers understanding becomes the precursor to philosophical thinking。This is not an artificial exaggeration or fantasy at all，It is based on the dual basis of ideological history and reality。

Looking back at the history of thought can be found，Hegel’s philosophy provides precious inspiration and ideological resources。Hegel clearly stated，The true emergence of philosophy lies in the reconciliation of reason and reality。Hegel believes，All world history is represented by the development stages of "freedom" consciousness，The journey of world history is the progress and gradual improvement of the "freedom" consciousness from the East to the West。Hegel called the absolute spirit and "human passion" together the "longitude and latitude of world history"。So-called passion，Refers to personal interests、Human activities resulting from special purposes or self-interested attempts。Hegel insists on the premise that the absolute spirit or absolute concept is the "principle"，Carrying out the reality of the living world by focusing on people’s enthusiasm and passion，Revealing that human history is nothing but a performance of human passion，Demonstrating the “implementation” and “realization” process of absolute spirit。In philosophical reflections on defending "freedom" as the nature of spirit，Hegel uniquely introduced human passion into the framework of philosophical interpretation，Discover a practical way for philosophy to pay attention to and understand the real world。Hegel is based on "a huge sense of history"，“The first one wanted to prove that there is a development in history、There is an inner connection”，New starting point related to the development direction of philosophy。Of course，The "bet365 offers sense" of Hegel's philosophy，Fundamentally, it serves the absolute spirit to realize its own purpose。This presents a theoretical prospect that needs to be reformed in principle。

Restore to real life process，The living conditions of modern society demonstrate the priority and fundamental significance of bet365 offers principles in people’s understanding of the world。Marx’s insight explains the whole story: “In all forms of society in which land ownership is dominant，Natural connections still have the advantage。In social forms where capital is dominant，Society、Factors created by history prevail。"This is to say，In modern society where capital generally dominates，Because capital uses things as the medium to represent certain social relationships between people，So，Everything in modern society has its unique social connection。Exactly so，Unless we grasp the social nature of things、The ins and outs of things are their bet365 offers nature，Otherwise，Our understanding of things will be an abstract understanding that is alienated from the truth，It is impossible to understand and grasp the existence nature of things，It can only be the so-called realistic imagination of the subject of knowledge。If the knowledge of truth can only be achieved through intermediaries，Then，In modern society，Social and bet365 offers factors are cognitive mediators that cannot be lost at any time，All things can exist under the intermediary effect of social and bet365 offers factors。This is the realistic basis of the ontological revolution of bet365 offers materialism。

　Facts present their true bet365 offers in “historicity”

"bet365 offers Social Sciences Journal":The real human world is complicated，When we emphasize "fact-oriented"，Does it mean that the "view of bet365 offers" is no longer important？The "historicity" principle revealed by Marx，What is the importance and necessity of understanding and grasping “facts”？

　bet365 offers:Max Weber once reminded people，Don’t compare bet365 offers materialism with taxis，It seems that you can go up and down at will。Because once you enter the bet365 offers materialism，We can’t leave at will。This is an example of the truth of bet365 offers materialism。At the same time，From now on, we still strongly feel the bet365 offers destiny of bet365 offers materialism。Actually，bet365 offers materialism since its birth，I have been misunderstood or misunderstood in this way，So much so that the basic spirit of the ontological revolution of bet365 offers materialism has remained obscure、Hidden but not obvious。Investigating the causes of academic history，The positivist philosophical trend that emerged after Hegel，is a very important driving factor。Positivism pioneered the "rebellion from Hegel" movement，Directly opposed to Hegel’s philosophy in terms of theoretical interest，Has a huge impact on the development of spiritual culture in the modern era，It continues to this day。Collinwood said，Positivism is a philosophy that serves natural science。This roughly reveals the social and cultural roots on which positivism arises and persists。Positivism regards natural science as the model of knowledge，Regard natural science methods as the only credible research method，Consider "determined facts" and "constitutional laws" as the "programme" of bet365 offers research。Under the influence of positivism，Historians have devoted themselves enthusiastically to the first step in implementing this program, which is to "establish the facts"。Result，Detailed bet365 offers knowledge is doubled，The compilation of a large number of carefully selected materials enriches "history" as never before，“History” has become the most active intellectual sector。Of course，Historians gather at the step of “establishing the facts”，Also because no one can progress to the second step of the "programme", which is the "law of formation"。In this case，The real trouble arises: there is no "formation of rules" step，The good desire to "determine the facts" turns into the cultural identity of "worshiping the facts"。From this, the seemingly objective and neutral academic conceit and paranoia emerged - historians must bid farewell to subjective emotions，Just say "what is the truth"。In such a cultural atmosphere，The basic spirit of bet365 offers materialism is undoubtedly difficult to understand and grasp。

At a time when positivist historiography is on the rise，Nietzsche gave a warning: Is this kind of history good or bad for life？Nietzsche believes，The most basic mission of history，Just for life、Serving life；History is considered a pure science，For human beings, it is the end and reckoning of life；If bet365 offers research causes people’s real life to “wither” or even “deteriorate”，This kind of history must be resolutely abandoned。Later Heidegger clearly testified，Formally prosperous history，If you stay away from real world problems and only entertain yourself，Forgot to care about real life problems，You will eventually be in trouble。Heidegger expressed his insight: "Authentic historicity does not necessarily require history。The era without history is not itself without history。”“Authentic historicity” means “all history is the history of preparation for making ‘people’ become objects of perceptual consciousness and making ‘people as people’ needs a need”；History is the process in which people are born through human labor，It is the activity of people pursuing their own goals。The "reality-contradiction" principle and the "history-development" principle revealed by bet365 offers materialism，It is a theoretical summary based on a profound insight and understanding of "authentic historicity"。

From this point of view，How to grasp the existential nature of facts，It is not an individual issue that only concerns the minutiae of the issue，It reflects or expresses different philosophical orientations。Positivism starts from criticizing Hegel’s abstract speculation，But use natural science methods to determine facts，Regardless of the social and bet365 offers nature of all facts in modern society，In the end, I actually moved towards the abstract speculation that I criticized，And discarded Hegel’s living dialectics that focused on actual life。Historiography as the implementation of positivist ideas，If it undoubtedly expresses a "historicism"，Then，This kind of "historicism" is precisely drifting away from "historicity"，Injected a cultural strain into Western modernity that is still strong today。This highlights the essential importance and urgency of carrying forward the basic spirit of bet365 offers materialism。

　Grasp world changes based on bet365 offers perspective

"bet365 offers Social Sciences Journal":We are currently undergoing major changes in the world that have not been seen in a century。Based on bet365 offers materialism，How should we view the current world changes？What are the general characteristics of the current world changes？

Chen Lixin: History is serious，It goes through many stages before sending old things to the grave。History is also fair，The knowledge of truth will emit a more dazzling light after repeated tempering。Chinese Communists combine the universal truth of Marxism with the Chinese revolution、Construction、Combining reform with practice，Opened the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics，Proved and demonstrated the truth of bet365 offers materialism with great achievements that attracted worldwide attention。China’s path adheres to and applies the people as the creators of history、Material production or economic development is the basis of social existence and development、The movement of basic social contradictions constitutes the fundamental driving force for the development of human society and other basic principles of bet365 offers materialism，is the vivid development and successful embodiment of "authentic historicity"。The great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era，Created the miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability，Historically solved the problem of absolute poverty。Contemporary China is increasingly approaching the center of the world stage with a new attitude，More capable of making greater contributions to mankind than at any time in history。Historic practice of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，Constitutes the most dynamic driving force and construction force with the most development prospects in today's era，Decisively transform the world's changing situation of "rising in the east and falling in the west" from a state of bet365 offers necessity into a realistic process that is actually unfolding。

The bourgeoisie established the modern world system and pattern。The Western countries that took the lead in completing the first industrial revolution in the 19th century，Gradually gained advantages or took the lead in development，"Western Advanced、The modern world pattern of "Eastern backwardness" is gradually taking shape。From the perspective of the modern bet365 offers process of mankind，The bourgeoisie takes capital and technology as the pioneers，Organize and arrange the modern world according to your own purposes。Advanced Western countries regard themselves as civilized countries，Mainly through violent conquest and colonial expansion，Export so-called civilization experience to those backward countries or nations (mostly non-Western countries)，Leading to the formation of colonial ideology: Western advanced countries (strong ones) use civilization to conquer uncivilized countries (weak ones)，Of course - because the strong are civilized，The uncivilized weak deserve to be conquered。In the final analysis，The “bourgeois form” of the modern world，It is to maintain and promote the absolute rule of capital。Such a principle-oriented approach that takes capital as social life，Thereby continuously reproducing dehumanized living conditions、The modern world that creates hegemony and inequality，Inevitably falling into self-consumption、The declining dilemma，It will inevitably be replaced by a more reasonable social form。In the early 20th century, Spengler raised the issue of "the decline of the West" and discussed it in depth，Really visionary。

Under the aggression and oppression of imperialist powers，The modernization process of the Chinese nation has suffered a historic delay，China is gradually becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society，The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has become the long-cherished wish of the Chinese people in modern times。The Communist Party of China is guided by Marxism，Adhere to the people-centered purpose，Rely closely on the people，Opened up a socialist modernization path that is different from the capitalist modernization path。After a hundred years of struggle and creation，The Chinese nation shows bright prospects for great rejuvenation。When modern civilization is in deep contradiction and crisis，The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics has created convincing and realistic achievements，To solve the problems of modern civilization、Exploring and building a new civilization for mankind has contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions。Undeniable，The historic encounter of the Chinese nation in modern times，Making China a late-developing modern country，Always shouldering the dual bet365 offers responsibilities of "national rejuvenation" and "human progress"。This is the bet365 offers destiny and bet365 offers task that the Chinese nation, which Hegel praised as a "world historic nation", must face。

Based on this bet365 offers perspective and height of understanding，We can see，The modern Western civilization based on the principle of capital is declining，The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is thriving，“The east rises and the west falls” has become an unstoppable development trend in today’s world，This is the core of the great changes in today’s world。The huge institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics，China is more capable of making greater contributions to mankind than at any time in history，This is the essence of the great changes in today’s world。Realize the people’s desire for a better life，Building modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously，This is the goal of the great changes in today’s world。

　Constructing “bet365 offers in Theory”

"bet365 offers Social Sciences Journal":In the context of today’s world undergoing major changes unseen in a century，How should we construct the discourse of bet365 offers perspective？Constructing such a bet365 offers perspective is essential for understanding and grasping the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation、What is the bet365 offers significance of realizing the Chinese Dream？

　bet365 offers:The great changes in today’s world have raised a series of major issues of the times，Already give priority to the understanding of history and the narrative of history。Strengthening the discourse construction of bet365 offers perspective，It is no longer the task of a department in philosophy，It is not just a matter of philosophical knowledge，It is about the contemporary construction of philosophical ontology、A major event related to the overall construction of contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences。Starting from the actual situation and practical problems of the changing world，The discourse construction of the bet365 offers concept is guided by the basic spirit of the ontological revolution of bet365 offers materialism，It helps us understand the essence and inevitability of world changes in the development trend of bet365 offers laws，Display "China in Academics", "China in Theory" and "China in Philosophy and Social Sciences" that integrate the spirit of the times and the national spirit，Open up a new path of civilization for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and create a matching social spiritual temperament。

Everything in the past，All are prologues。People who cannot understand today cannot and will not pay attention to the past，People can only stand firmly on the present，Only in this way can we truly “see” the past。The vast and rich bet365 offers and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation，Only the successful practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era can fully demonstrate the brilliance and significance of its ideas，The discourse construction of today’s bet365 offers perspective has a long way to go。

一，Adhere to the combination of truth-seeking and practicality。“bet365 offers research is the foundation of all social sciences”。bet365 offers research promotes truth-seeking、Practical spirit，Provide self-disciplined methodological support for all humanities and social science research，Also able to deliver a direct knowledge base。The truth of history is expressed through the use of history，The construction of bet365 offers perspective discourse must take expressing and leading reality as its own responsibility。Reality does not appear suddenly、The phenomenon of isolation，Any reality has its own process of emergence and development，This is also the proper meaning of the construction of bet365 offers concept。Part 2，Promote future awareness based on realistic concerns。bet365 offers research is not a leisurely pursuit of the past，But to learn from the past and understand the present、Care for reality，Understand from past experiences、Understanding now，Learn wisdom from history to move toward the future，And then look forward to and plan for the future。The construction of bet365 offers perspective discourse is precisely to hone and demonstrate bet365 offers thinking，Form a problem awareness that points to reality，Play a guiding role in the goal design of solving problems。Part Three，Adhere to development vision and overall concept。Things are subject to change and development、Interconnected，Not static in isolation。Adhere to development and look at problems from a holistic perspective，We have grasped the fact that things are "process aggregates"，Understand the continuity and discontinuity of the development of things，And then be able to know what is happening and why it is happening，Consciously draw a clear line between bet365 offers nihilism。Fourth，Realizing the unification of Chinese sentiment and global vision。The Chinese nation’s bet365 offers and cultural traditions are profound and profound，It is our "backbone and confidence to be Chinese"。Meanwhile，We also need to look at the world，Understand the history and culture of different nations in the world。Of course，“We see the world，Don’t be blinded by random flowers，Can’t be blinded by floating clouds，We must pick up the telescope of bet365 offers laws and observe carefully”。This is to distinguish the essence from the dross，Insisting on serving foreign countries for China’s use，Move forward in the logic of bet365 offers progress，Developing in the trend of the times。