"Any real philosophy is the essence of the spirit of your own time。"The classic saying of Marx is often cited by later generations。Back to Marx's proposal to propose this in the first half of the 19th century，Hegel's Sifer Philosophy, which occupies the European ideological world, shows the ability of history，The so -called "reality" is just regarded as the historical movement of "absolute spirit"。Facing this historical philosophy that is split in reality and the times，Marx's historical materialism stands in the history of philosophy、The history of the minds of thought has set off a revolution in ontology，Facing the real world of the era，to grasp the general trend of historical development。Philosophy needs historical principles to provide a solid foundation，The development of the times also needs to be grasped with historical materialism philosophy.。Being in the world in the world in the world has not changed in a hundred years，We also need to be based on the perspective and cognitive height of the historical view of materialism，Clarify the essence of the world changes in the development of historical laws; under the theme of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, under the theme of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，Think about the great practice of contemporary China、Reflecting the spirit of today's era。History constructing such as the constructive constructing of the background of the world change bureau，Professor Chen Lixin, a professor at the Department of Philosophy of East China Normal University, accepted an interview with our reporter。

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"China Social Sciences":How to grasp the history of human society development in a philosophy，Marx's pioneering method of contributing to the methodology of historical materialism。In Marx's materialist view，How is philosophy and historical view combined?

　　Chen Lixin:The establishment of historical materialism is a revolutionary change in the history of human thought，Its epoch -making achievements can be briefly summarized into two aspects: First, to introduce history as the principles of the philosophy，The connotation of philosophy has been advanced and enriched in the height of the ontology; the second is to treat attention and the real world issues as the basis and pillar of the life of philosophy，The path that enables philosophy to realize its own rationality and reliability。The theoretical foundation of historical materialism，Unsuristicing the dignity of philosophy、sacredness and existence prospects in front of people，For the reality of philosophy, there is a road sign that cannot be bypassed。Historical Materialist Ideological Revolution，Philosophy not only logically constructs the historical outlook as an area or department of a philosophical knowledge system，More key is to achieve the transformation and upgrade of the principles of ontology -historical principles have already been marked as the basic principles of philosophical thinking。Since then，Under the guidance and motivation of "historical principles" and "actual requirements"，Philosophy embarked on a road that won the strong vitality in the issue of grasping and answering the times。In short，As long as the philosophy actually participate in the actual life movement，Historical principles become the basic follow of philosophical thinking，Historical understanding becomes the pioneer of philosophical thinking。This is not an exaggerated high -profile or illusory rhetoric for artificially made，Instead of dual basis with the history of thought and reality。

The history of retrospective thought can be found，Hegel philosophy provides precious revelation and ideological resources。Hegel explicitly proposed，The true appearance of philosophy lies in the reconciliation of realizing rationality and reality。Hegel thinks，All world history manifests as the development level of "freedom" consciousness，World History Itinerary is the progress of the "freedom" consciousness from the east to the west and the process of upgrading step -by -step。Hegel refers to the absolute spirit and "human enthusiasm" as "the latitude and weft line of world history"。The so -called enthusiasm，refers to the interests of private、Human activities generated by special purposes or attempts。Under the premise of adhering to the absolute spirit or absolute concept as "principle"，The reality of the life world with the enthusiasm of people and passion in life，revealing that human history is just a scene of enthusiastic performance，The "implementation" and "implementation" process of absolute spirit。In the philosophical thinking of maintaining "freedom" as a spiritual nature，Hegel ’s uniquely introduced the enthusiastic introduction of the philosophical interpretation framework，From this excavation of philosophical attention and understanding the practical road of real life world。Hegel is based on "huge historical sense"，"The first to prove that there is a development in history、There is an inner connection "，New starting point related to the direction of philosophical development。Of course，"Historical sense" of Hegel's philosophy，Basically, it is to serve the absolute spirit。This presents the theoretical prospects that need to be transformed in principle。

Restore in the real life process，The survival situation of modern society shows the priority and basic meaning of historical principles in people's understanding of the world。Marx's insight broke the original committee: "In all social forms in the dominance of land ownership，Natural contact still accounts for an advantage。In a social form where capital is in a dominant position，Society、Factors created by history account for an advantage。"This means，Modern society that is generally ruled by capital，Due to capital with things as the medium, a certain social relationship between people，So，Everything in modern society has its unique social connection。This is exactly this，Unless grasping the social nature of things、The ins and outs of things is historical nature，Otherwise，Our understanding of things will be an abstract understanding of alienation of the truth，It is impossible to know and grasp the bet365 best casino games nature of things，It can only be the real imagination of the so -called subject of knowing the subject。If the truth of truth is through the intermediary，So，In modern society，Social historical factors are recognition agencies that cannot be lost at any time，All things can only exist under the role of social historical factors。This is the real basis of the historical materialism ontology revolution。

　Facts present in "historic"

"China Social Sciences":The human real world is complicated，When we emphasize "facing facts"，Does it mean that the "historical view" is no longer important? The "historic" principle revealed by Marx，What is the importance and necessity of understanding and grasping "facts"?

　Chen Lixin:Max Weber has reminded people，Can't compare the historical view of materialism with taxis，It seems to be able to go up and down at will。Because once you enter the historical view of materialism，It is impossible for us to leave arbitrarily。This is an example of historical materialism truth。At the same time，We still strongly feel the historic fate of historical materialism。Actually，Historical materialism from the date of its birth，I will be misunderstood or misunderstood by this，The basic spirit of the historical materialism ontology theory of the history of historical materialism has always been obscure、hidden but not affordable。The cause of the academic history，Empirical philosophy of thoughts that emerged after Hegel，is a very important promotion factor。Empirritableism first opened the precedent of the "rebellion of Hegel" campaign，Directly opposite Hegel's philosophy in terms of theoretical purpose，It has a huge impact on the development of the spiritual culture of the times，Live to this day。Collin Wude said，Empiricalism is the philosophy of serving natural science。This roughly reveals the social and cultural roots that the empiricalism depends and holds it。Empiricalism regards natural science as a role model for knowledge，Taking natural science methods as the sole credible research method，Taking "determining the facts" and "constitutional law" as the "program" of historical research。Under the influence of empiricalism，Historians enthusiastically devoted themselves to the first step of implementing this program, "Determine the facts"。Results，Detailed historical knowledge increases，Credit a large number of carefully selected materials to enrich the history of "history"，"History Compilation Studies" has become the most active knowledge department。Of course，Historians gathered in the step of "determining the facts"，Because no one can advance to the second step of the "program" is "constituent law"。In this case，Real troubles appear: there is no "constituent law" step，The good wishes of "determining the facts" will be transformed into a cultural identity of "worship facts"。From this that seems to be objective and neutral academic self -negative and paranoia, historians must say goodbye to subjective emotions，Just say "What is the facts"。In such a cultural atmosphere，The basic spirit of historical materialism is undoubtedly difficult to understand and grasp。

When the historical compilation of empiricalism is very loud，Nietzsche bento drinks: such history is the benefit or disadvantage of life? Nietzsche thinks，The Bet365 app download most basic mission of history，It is for life、Serving life; history is recognized as pure science，The end and liquidation of human beings are the end and liquidation of life; if historical research has caused people to "wither" or even "deteriorate"，Such history must be resolutely abandoned。The later Heidegger explicitly indicated，History of prosperity in form，If the problem of alienation of the real world, only self -entertainment，Forgotten the concern for real life problems，will eventually fall into trouble。Heidegger told the insight: "This authentic history does not necessarily require history。The era of no history itself is not or no history。"" This authentic history "refers to" all history is to make the person's need to make a person's need to be a person's need to be a person "; The process of labor born，The activity of a person who pursues his purpose。The principle of "reality -contradiction" revealed by historical materialism and the principle of "historical -development"，It is the theoretical summary based on deep insight and understanding "true historical"。

From this point of view，How to grasp the nature of the facts，It is not an individual problem that is only related to the fine branches involved in the problem，Instead of reflecting or expressing different philosophical orientation。Empiricalism starts with criticizing Hegel's abstract speculation，But use natural scientific methods to specify the facts，Regardless of the facts of all the facts of modern society, the social and historical nature of social history，Eventually, it essentially went to the abstract speculation that I criticized，and discarded the live dialectics of Hegel's attention to actual life。History compilation is implemented as an empirical concept，If there is no doubt that a "historicalism"，So，This "historicalism" is exactly away from "historic"，An cultural strain that is still implanted in Western modernity has been implanted.。This highlights the essential importance and urgency of promoting the basic spirit of historical materialism。

　Grasp the World Change Base based on the historical view

"China Social Sciences":At present, we are in a big change in the world for a century。Based on historical materialism，What should we think of the current world changes? What are the characteristics of the current world change bureau?

Chen Lixin: History is serious，It passes through many stages to send the old things into the grave。History is also fair，Truth understanding several times will emit a more dazzling glory。The Chinese Communists put Marxism's universal truth and the Chinese revolution、Construction、Real combination of reform，Open the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics，The truth of the great achievements of the world's attention and showing the truth of historical materialism。The Chinese road insists and applied to the people of the people as the creator of history、Material production or economic development is the basis for the existence and development of society、The basic principles of historical materialism such as the basic motivation of human society's development of human society，It is the vivid development and successful manifestation of "true historical"。The great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics Bet365 lotto review in the new era，Creating a miracle that has developed rapidly and has a long -term social stability，Historically solved absolute poverty problems。Contemporary China has become closer to the central stage of the world in contemporary China，More capable of making greater contributions to humans than at any time in history。The historical practice of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，It constitutes the most dynamic and prospective promotion force and construction power of the most dynamic and prospects of today's era，Decisively transforms the world change of "east -rising and west" from the state of historical necessity to the actual real process。

The bourgeoisie has established a modern world system and pattern。19th -century to complete the first industrial revolution in Western countries，Gradually obtained an advantage or first in development，"Advanced Western、The modern world structure of the East "is gradually formed。From the perspective of the modern history of human beings，The bourgeoisie takes capital and technology as the pioneer，Organize and arrange the modern world in accordance with your own purpose。Advanced Western countries with civilized countries，It is mainly to adopt the method of violent conquest and colonial expansion，Output the so -called civilized experience to those backward countries or nations (mostly non -Western countries)，The formation of colonial ideology: Western advanced countries (strong) use civilization to conquer uncivilized countries (weak)，take it for granted -because the strong civilization，Uncivilized weak people should be conquered。Speaking of which，"Asong Forms" in the Modern World，It is to maintain and implement the absolute rule of capital。Such a principle of capital as a social life，So as to continuously regenerate non -humanized life、Modern world that manufacture hegemony and inequality，inevitably falling into self -consumption、Gradually micro dilemma，It will inevitably be replaced by more reasonable social forms。Sperture used the "decline of the West" as a problem in the early 20th century as a problem.，It is indeed full of vision。

Under the aggression and oppression of imperialist powers，The modernization process of the Chinese nation is historically delayed，China has gradually reduced to a semi -colonial semi -feudal society，The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has become the wish of Chinese people since modern times。The Communist Party of China is guided by Marxism，Persist in the people -centered purpose，Rely on the people，Open the socialist modernization road that is different from capitalist modernization。After a century of struggle and creation，The Chinese nation shows the bright prospect of the great rejuvenation。In the case of deep contradiction and crisis in modern civilization，Socialist roads with Chinese characteristics created convincing realistic achievements，To solve the problem of modern civilization、Exploring and building a new type of human civilization contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solution。It is undeniable，The historic encounter of the Chinese nation in modern times，Let China be a modern country that is postponed，Always assume the dual bet365 live casino games historical task of "national rejuvenation" and "human progress"。This is the historical destiny and historic task that the Chinese nation is inevitable by Hegel, known as the "historic nation of the world"。

Based on such a historical view and understanding height，We can see，Western modern civilization with capital as the principle is increasingly declining，The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is prosperous，"East Sales and West" has become an unstoppable development trend in the world today，This is the core of the world's big change today。The huge institutional advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics，China is more capable of making greater contributions to humans than at any time in history，This is the essence of the world's big change today。The wish to realize the beautiful life of the people，Modernization of the builder and nature in harmony，This is the goal of the world's big change today。

　Build "China in theory"

"China Social Sciences":Under the background of a hundred years in the world in the world today，How can we build historical talks? Construction of such historical words for understanding and grasping the overall strategy of understanding and grasping the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation、What is the historical significance of realizing the Chinese dream?

　Chen Lixin:The Great Change of the world today has proposed a series of major era topics，Putting the historical concept and historical narratives in a position that is prioritized。Strengthening the construction of historical words now，It is no longer the task of a department in philosophy，It's not just a matter of philosophical knowledge，It is related to the contemporary construction of philosophical ontology、A major thing about the overall construction of contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences。Starting from the actual situation and practical problems of the World Change Bureau，Historical Viewing Talk Construction based on the basic spirit of historical materialism theory of theory as methodology，It helps us to understand the essence and inevitability of the world changes in the development of historical laws，Showing the spirit of the era of the era and the national spirit of "China", "China in theory", "China in Philosophy and Social Sciences"，Open the new road of civilization for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to form a matching social spiritual temperament。

All the past，All sequences。Can't understand people who are not today, you can't pay attention to the past，People can only stand firmly in the present，can really "see" the past。The historical and cultural tradition of the Chinese nation's grand and rich，Only the successful practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era can fully show the glory and meaning of its thoughts，Today's historical discourse construction can be described as a long way to go。

One，Persist in combining truth and use。"Historical Research is the basis of all social sciences"。Historical Research Promotions and Seeking Truth、The spirit of truth，Provide all the methodology support for all humanities and social science research，At the same time, it can also transport direct knowledge basis。History is really expressed through the use of history，History of discourse construction must be based on expression and leading reality。The reality is not suddenly bet365 best casino games emerging、Lonely phenomenon，Any reality has its own process and development process，This is also the deserved meaning of the constructing of the historical concept。Its two，Promote future consciousness based on actual concerns。Historical research is not a leisure hunting，Instead of learning about ancient knowledge and present、Care reality，Knowing from the experience that happened、Understand now，Draw from history to the wisdom that moves to the future，Then look forward to and plan the future。History of discourse construction is to temper and show historical thinking，Formation of problems pointing to reality，Play guidance in the design of the problem solving target。Its three，Adhere to the development of vision and global concept。Things are all changes and development、Interconnected，Not isolated and still。Persist in seeing problems globally，I seized the facts of the "process collection"，Understand the continuity and non -continuity of the development of things，Then I can know it and know why，Consciousness and historical nihilism。Four，Realize the unity of China's complex and global vision。History, culture, tradition and profoundness of the Chinese nation，It is our "being the bone and confidence of the Chinese people"。At the same time，We have to look at the world，Understand the historical culture of different nations in the world。Of course，"Let's look at the world，Can't be fascinated by the eyes，You cannot be covered by the clouds，The telescope with a historical law should be held carefully to wait and see "。This is to distinguish the essence and dross，Persist in Ocean for China，Prepare the logic in historical advanced logic，Development in the trend of the times。