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Xia Yan (1910-1985) is one of the founders of modern Chinese archeology、A towering monument in the history of Chinese archeology。The "Xia Diary Diary" published earlier (ten volumes，East China Normal University Press, 2011) and "Xia Ji Wen Ji" (five volumes edition，Social Science Literature Press 2017 edition)，Become a post -learning experience of Xia Xun's life、Important reference materials for academic performance and ideological characteristics。Compared to "Diary" and "Collection"，"Letter" will have their own characteristics，Because of its writing mood、Writing object、The range of words is different from the "diary" and "text collection"。The newly published "Xia Ji Book Collection" (Wang Shimin、Tang Chao Bian，Social Science Literature Publishing House 2022 Edition，The following referred to as "Letter Collection")，Then we can learn about Xia Yan’s knowledge life for us to further understand，Provided many important materials。

　　Delivery with "building a scientific archeology" as its responsibility

Xia Yan's study experience，can be described as turning over many times。high school stage，He has fantasized to be an engineer in the future，At the time of graduation, I plan to fill in the University of Technology of Jiaotong University，But I failed to apply for tsar eye disease。Entering the Department of Sociology, Yanjing University in September 1930，After a year, transfer to the Department of History of Tsinghua University。Department of History in Tsinghua，He is keen to study the modern history of China and publish a number of research results，Due to October 1934, he obtained the archeological door of public expense abroad，and then transfer to archeology，And in August 1935, we went to study in the UK from Shanghai。

According to regulations，Before studying abroad，Must be prepared for one year in the country，At that time, Tsinghua University designated Fu Sinian and Li Ji as the instructor of studying abroad。but but，Early stage of studying abroad，Is it specializing in Chinese archeology，Still read Western or Near East Archeology first，Which college is registered at the University of London，or even studying at other universities nearby，Xia Yan did not make a decision immediately。October 8, 1935，He believes in Fu Sinian、Li Ji，Consultation study abroad professional choices and other questions，also mentioned "I want to learn the discipline of technology and tools on the one hand，At the same time, I think of a considerable summary for ancient society "。He also visited more than a month in London，Point out that British Museum、Victoria and Albert Museum's Chinese utensils "Term Time，Many errors "，and Bet365 lotto review emotion "Chinese archeology，It is really an unrecognized fertile soil，I just hope to be a member of the gardener in the future，Pick up the hoe，Turn the deserted soil into a garden "。Although Xia Yan did not know his research direction at this time，But he has initially revealed the desire to contribute to China's archeological cause。

After some consideration，Xia Yan decided to register at the University of London University of London at the University of London，Division learned "Chinese Archeology and Art History" from Yetts，How to further be thoroughly reinstated in the future。But not long，He feels that he is studying at the Institute of Art of the Cotanthard，The harvest is very small。April 11, 1936，He wrote to Mei Yiqi, President of Tsinghua University，Chen, please extend a year -on -year limit for one year、Transfer of the Department of Archeology of Egypt。Xia Yan thinks，The purpose of studying in English is to receive archeological training and intelligence，Therefore, his scholar after he arrived in the British，"Most of the technology of working in the field"，But "How to sort out after excavation，How to study after collecting specimens，Before taking care of it "，"Therefore, you can see how it is all kinds of antiquities，According to its shape，To explore its development process，How to explore the impact of its adjacent cultural interaction，Ancient relics to prove ancient history，Build a scientific archeology。All these research methods，Not listening to the principle of empty theory，You can learn，and must have specific physical and instances，I can realize it，Then can start with its method，Apply to collect and organize Chinese antiquities after returning to the country。Therefore, want to achieve this purpose，It must be for its history、Religious、Text，Everything has considerable knowledge "。This letter is more than 5,000 words，is the most word in "Letter's Collection"，It can be seen that the unique weight of this letter in Xia Yan's heart。

Although studying abroad abroad，Xia Yan is still very concerned about the situation of the domestic archeological community。July 10, 1936，He believes in Li Guangyu, a friend of the Archaeological Group of the History Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Ask Shandong Chengziya、Anyang Yinxu、The latest excavation situation in Baoji Douji Table，and propose "a country with a self -defeating country with the ancient civilization，You can't help but have archeology "，"Otherwise, people will study Chinese archeology，I have to read the Lang report of the Japanese people，The Mongolian Report of the Russian，Ying、De、Xinjiang Report of the Legal person，Isn't it embarrassed "，"If any new news in the archeological world，Please know often。Although it is specially attacked by Egypt，After returning to the country, bet365 live casino games I still get Chinese archeology，Never insulation with Chinese archeology "。Considering the development level and time background of the archeological community at home and abroad，Xia Yan's meaning is full of "competition"。It can be said，His heart is the motherland，The archeological cause that has developed China has been regarded as the academic pursuit of his life。

The United Kingdom is the cradle of modern archeology，Xia Yan received systematic professional training here，I have accumulated rich experience in indoor and outdoor work。He is full of expectations for the future development of Chinese archeology，Chengzhu in the chest，To contribute to your own power after returning home。October 1942，During the visiting relatives of Xia Yizhu Township，Zeng Xiang Li Ji expressed，After writing your doctoral dissertation,，"You can use your best to engage in Chinese archeology after the rest of your life"。The so -called scientific archeology，Reflected in the field excavation、Interior Studies、Talent training、International exchanges and many aspects。As far as the academic development of the following later，The outstanding achievements of Chinese archeology in these areas，It is inseparable from Xia Yan’s hard work and navigation at the helm。

　　Field excavation and indoor research work together

"Letter Collection" included in 1935-1949 Letter，Except for the letter during Xia Yan's study abroad，It mainly involves his letter to engage in the Northwest Inspection work and serve as the director of the History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。Letter of the Northwest Inspection period，References with "Diary of the Northwest of the Xiayi" (2018 edition of Social Science Literature Publishing House)，vividly reflects the hard experience and important contributions of Xia Xun's northwest inspection。A letter of one year of agency affairs (July 1947 to August 1948)，In addition to reflecting Xia Yan’s ability to do business and distant vision，It also reflects his emphasis on indoor research。This year，Due to the purchase of a large amount of paper，Send someone to Shanghai to take a reminder，Make the year the most published by the History Institute in 1949，Publications Except the 2nd、3、4 volumes and "Collection of History Language Research Institute"，It also includes many other research works。

The editor of "Letter Collection" includes a letter from 1950-1985，Established from the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Ren Deputy Director、Director，At the period of serving as deputy dean of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Honorary Institute of Archeology，Reflect that Xia's outstanding contribution to the archeological work of New China。Where，Huxian excavation、West Henan Survey、Letter of Changsha excavation period，It shows that his field work focuses on grasping the overall situation，bet365 best casino games Detailed details。October 8, 1950，Xia Yan led the delegation to Huixian (at the time belonged to Plain Province，It belongs to Henan Province)，The first excavation after the establishment of the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。October 22，He believes in Zheng Zhenduo、Liang Siyong，Emphasize here "non -expanding work，Can't get a considerable harvest "。October 25，Xia Yan began to excavate the tomb of the Warring States Period in Guwei Village, Huixian，More than 400 people in the employment at most，"This is probably one of the largest tasks in the Far East Archeological excavation"。At the end of December，Liuli Pavilion Cheng dug to the bottom，He adopted the method of irrigating the gypsum fluid into the ground，The first successful removal of the full shape of the ancient wooden truck was removed for the first time，This is particularly epoch -making in field archeological technology。April 1951，Xia Yan led the Henan Provincial Investigation and Excavation Group of the Archaeological Institute to Kaifeng、Zhengzhou Visit Inspection，Later to Guangwu Town，Investigate Qingtai、Point Army、Qin Wangzhai site，and decide to discover the site of the military platform。April 29，Hexin Liang Siyong，It is mentioned that "the reason for the selection of the military station ruins" is: one，"Closer to the city，No need to find another workstation ";，"Surface relics，seems to represent different times ";，"This is the site of this new discovery，Have never done it before "。Xia Ji Analysis，"Although this is a low -post，I hope I can be like a postplace，There are different strata，enough to solve some problems "。Xia Yan chose to discover the location very cautious，and expect to solve some key problems by discovering。

October 18, 1955，Xia Yan in Luoyang to participate in archeological investigators in the Sanmenxia Reservoir area of ​​the Yellow River，Report for "Objectives and Methods of Archaeological Surveys"。After the report, published in "Archaeological Communication" 1956, No. 1。An Zhimin later published "Some Experience and Experience on Archaeological Investigation Work" ("Reference Information of Cultural Relics", No. 2, 1958)，Quoting the point of view of how to collect pottery specimens during the investigation work。March 1958，Xia Xunzhi "References for Cultural Relics" editorial department，pointed out that An Zhimin's citations "cut off the lower half"，"It seems like I mean only one or two pieces of pottery slices of different pottery"。In fact, Xia Yan means，"Different instruments (manifested in mouth、bottom、Ear, etc.) and pottery slices of different decorations，All representatives must be taken。As for those abdominal residual tablets that are plainless abdominal，Should also choose one or two as a representative according to the different bet365 live casino games pottery "。He always thought，"If it is not limited to pottery，And the same time and device shape and decoration，Each one takes one or two pieces is enough as a representative。As for the number of various types (that is, what is their proportion)，Just explain it in the survey record "。This letter from Xia Yan，It is an important supplement to him about field archeological discussions。

The end of the "letter set" includes the 46 book letter from Zhang Guangzhi from 1974 to 1985。Xia Yan not only pointed out many forward -looking topics in archeological research，I also put forward some brilliant opinions。April 5, 1978，He wrote to Zhang Guangzhi，Talking about "Many problems in many reports (including briefings)"，Involved "Classification、Division Standards "" Standards and Purpose of Artifact Classification "and" Type System "。He emphasizes，"The division problem under each type of utensil，Now the reporters are often biased over to be detailed。One formula should include several similar device shapes; the author can publish more different device shapes，But you don't have to be called a formula for each shape "，"Some features are not essential，Can't be used as the use of ancient life，It can not be used as the type of utensil types of other cultures of other ruins.，But it can be used as a standardized stone in installments "。Xia Xun's views about the division of the utensils，It is his important assertion on indoor research，is very different from some people at the time，It is worthy of the attention of researchers。

　　Learning knowledge is strict and humble

Xia Yan is known as a scholar of the encyclopedia，He has in -depth research on multiple branches of archeology，Rich results。Apart from scholars in the field of archeology，He also has close contact with scholars in other disciplines。Some letters edited in the "Letter Collection"，and the next editor contains letters from 1951-1985 Xia Xun to other people from other aspects，Involved in linguistics、History of Science and Technology、History geography、Chinese and foreign relations and other disciplines，concentrated reflected the knowledge of Xia Xun、meticulous、Strict and humble everyone。

Xia Yan is a scholar with a firm personality，He upholds the truth、Practical academic attitude，Repeatedly pointed out the problems that exist in the teacher and friends。He was on November 12, 1953、March 20, 1962、November 28, 1972，Three letters Guo Moruo, then Dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，pointed out that Guo Moruo's "Investigation on the Drawing of the Way", "Li Deyu on Hainan Island", "Xinjiang Newly Unearted Jinren Write the" Three Kingdoms "remnants，and repeatedly believed in Guo Moruo in 1965，Provides archeological materials on the origin of Chinese text。October 1979 to November 1984，He has repeatedly believed in Tan Qi，Discussion of the Qizhou Ocean of the South China Sea，and bet365 Play online games emphasize "Desire to academic prosperity，Non -hundred family contention is indispensable，It is not necessary to break the restricted area "。his debate with Tan Qizhen at the time，"No one can persuade anyone"，But "I have fully enjoyed the joy of 嘤 鸣"，and the exploration of historical truth "At least one step is one step forward"。May 1983 to May 1984，He also discovered problems with Fusang and America，Write a letter to Luo Rongqu, who has never met，Point out that the discussion is not rigorous or even wrong。All these，endless plums。What's more noteworthy is，He on December 13, 1964，To the Editorial Department of the Business Press "Crying Source"，Point out that "Ci Yuan" revised this book 1 sample is in the revision policy、improperness in the system，8 errors in content，Involved in astronomy、Geography and other aspects of knowledge，It can be seen that he reads carefully，And good at discovering problems。

1953 After the tomb of the Western Jin Dynasty in Yixing, Jiangsu was excavated，Questions about "Western Jinya with Aluminum"，Attack from the academic community at home and abroad。To avoid biography，From December 1972 to May 1983，Xia Xun repeatedly fabricated the literary and report literary writer Ye Yonglie，Emphasize objective、Scientific analysis of the problem、Drop the conclusion。He mentioned，"If the Jin Dynasty is known to smelting metal aluminum，This requires strong evidence to be sure。I still maintain my original view，This is a small aluminum sheet mixed with suspected later generations，Never be used as a certain physical evidence "。Later science and technology test results，It also confirms Xia's point of view。The problem of the existing metal aluminum in the Western Jin Dynasty that has plagued people for more than 20 years，This is the end of announcement。Look at the "Letter Collection"，Among them, the problems of research and discussion on many places should be "seeking truth from facts"。Similar book letter from Xia Yan and Teachers and friends，I will tell everyone，Scientific research is to do knowledge honestly，Neither can I look at Wenta，Not to exaggerate its words，Not to exaggerate its words，We must be serious，Treat it with caution。Hu Qiaomu Zeng praised Xia Yan as "the main creator of the rigorous archeology of archeology"，Never fiction。

Even if it has already been famous in academic circles at home and abroad，Xia Yan still always upholds a humble style。The 1970s and 1980s，He has been awarded the honorary title of the highest academic institution in six countries including the Corporation of the British Academy of Academy。May 3, 1984，He received a congratulatory message from the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the National Academy of Sciences，When I learned that I was elected as a foreign academician of the hospital，I also Bet365 lotto review received a letter from Zhang Guangzhi congratulations。May 24，His recurred Zhang Guangzhi，humblely pointed out, "In fact," self -knowledge，Under the Famous Fame，Sub -writing transmission。Drinking hard in the future，庶 庶 庶 Live the hope of all parties "。It is worth mentioning is，The editorial department of the "Jinyang School of Journal" has repeatedly believed in Xia Ji，Sub -writing transmission。Xia Yan from at least 4 times from 1980 to 1985 to the editorial department，Gong refused to write an autobiography，The reason is that "no academic experience or method" is worth introducing。One generation of academic masters is so humble，Ordering more respect after learning。

National Fuxing，It is necessary to rely on hard power such as economic technology，It is also necessary to rely on soft power such as culture and academics。Renewal at knowledge constantly、The current academic circles that have changed greatly with the context of the times，The truth that Xia Yan insisted on and advocated is seeking what is、Strong and humble for learning and being human style，Still worthy of post -school to adhere to。Study "Letter Collection"，Supplemented by "Xia Yan Diary", "Xia Yingwen Collection", "Xia Yingzhuan" (Wang Shimin，Social Science Literature Publishing House 2020 Edition)，I can deeply understand the knowledge of the archeological everyone Xia Yan's knowledge，Grasp the pulse of the development of modern Chinese archeology。This pair of discipline construction today、Learning Style Construction、Talent training and other work，There are important reference value。

　(Author Unit: Yuelu College of Hunan University)