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Complex is an individual receiving、Psychological phenomenon that understands and share others' feelings and make a corresponding response to the situation of others，It is a bridge that conveys information and emotions in the social network，It has an important impact on people's physical and mental health and social adaptation。The word "EMPATHY" in English "EMPATHY" has been born for more than 100 years，But the substantial discussion of its essence is still one of the main issues of scholars in this field。Since the definition has not been reached,，One -sided interpretation of empathy and confusion with other related concepts，Industry has become a major problem in the current research。For those who are highly loves, they often show more attention to the emotions of others，Many psychological research uses emotional sensitivity as the main indicator for inspection，Even replaced each other without distinguish between the two。Experimental studies in the field of empathy are mostly characterized by the correct rate and response of the expression recognition of the opponent.，A measuring science research represented by Dymond's empathy test will equate empathy with "social acuity"，The most commonly used measuring tools in the field of emotional sensitivity, such as emotional sensitivity tables (Affective Sensitivity Scale， ASS) and emotional sensitivity tables (Emotional Sensitivity Scale， ESS) There are also conceptual confusion problems of different degrees of concepts。In fact，Although both are based on a certain emotional perception ability，bet365 Play online games But the real empathy is fundamentally different from the starting point to the end point and emotional sensitivity。Clarify the relationship between the two，It helps to deepen the understanding of the core issue of "What is true empathy"，To help us further clarify the goals and paths of empathy cultivation。

　Compassion is a complicated psychological phenomenon of multi -side structure

The source of empathy is the German "Einfühlung"，means "integration" or "projection"，Refers to individual perception or imagining other people's emotions，Standing on the position of others to evaluate its situation，to experience the emotional state of the same shape as it，On the basis of being aware of the current emotion from others instead of itself，Psychological phenomenon that generates a behavioral response to others。Compassion can be an emotional experience status，can also be a social psychological process，You can also refer to a ability feature，Scholars' grasp of consensus depends on the goals of their research。Emotional sensitivity emphasizes the degree of priority processing and response flexibility of individual emotional information，Lionetti, etc. found that high emotional sensitive people account for about 30%of the total population，Their brain always keeps waking up and preparing to respond to the state，tend to interpret the non -emotional stimulation in the surrounding environment。This sensitivity is mainly determined by gene，It is quite stable personality traits。and empathy can be deconstructed as multiple sides and ingredients，It can be stable，can also be dynamic，Compared with emotional sensitivity and more acquired plasticity，Contains more social factors。Having a certain emotional sensitivity is a necessary non -sufficient condition to produce empathy，But "During the Words" is bet365 best casino games not the same as "Sentences"，High emotional sensitivity people may not be easier than ordinary people，And those with high empathy often only sensitive to the stimulus that can cause sympathy and compassion。

　　The starting point of empathy is altruistic

Emotional sensitivity and empathy have important adaptation value for the organism，But the origin and nature of the two adaptive evolution and nature，The starting point is essentially different。Making a more sensitive response to external emotional stimuli can enable individuals to opportunities (spouse、Friendship) and threats (competition、hostile) Keep a higher level of consciousness，These characteristics that help you survive will be naturally selected and saved in evolution，belongs to classic adaptability。and the parenting behavior of mammals dedicated to mammals，belonging to the internal adaptability proposed by Hamilton，That is, because the descendants carry pro -genetic genes，Parents need to feed it when taking care of future generations、Signals such as pain and danger to respond，The potential neurological path generated by this is continuously strengthened and consolidated in intergenerational reproduction，The psychological structure that is finally evolved into empathy and migrated to a wider social relationship and situation。Completion evolution can explain the evolution of the behavior of relatives and races，A large number of studies also indicate，Cooperation has kinship、The preferences of race，Verified the essence of adaptive inside。So，Although the product of empathy is often mutually beneficial，But the starting point is to increase the well -being of others rather than its own interests。As Batson said，Compassion inspires the real Lissene motivation，and high -sensitive individuals will also appear helpful behaviors bet365 live casino games similar to high lovers，But the starting point is to alleviate your anxiety or avoid condemnation and punishment，In essence, it is still for self -protection。

Research on brain mechanism in recent years also provides evidence for further distinguish between empathy and emotional sensitivity。Many studies find out，Qianxiaoshima、The front buckle is brought back to the other brain areas with empathy and emotional sensitivity，But empathy also involves almond core、Hill brain and orbital cortex and other brain edge structures，These brain areas are related to emotional awakening and emotional regulation。And Aron and others found that high emotional sensitivity is not accompanied by higher awakening with the almond nucleus，However, it will activate the person's sense of security and fear to avoid related abdominal quilt area，This indicates that emotional sensitivity does not necessarily require the participation of the edge emotional process，It has both overlap and differences with the nerve components of empathy。other，Marsh and others discovered that altruism is also highly related to the activity of almond nucleus，Hein thinks、The common activation of the cortex and almond nucleus of the front buckle can promote the motivation and behavior of altruism，Feldman and Rodrigues have also discovered that oxytocin and receptor genes have promoted empathy and altruistic behaviors，Oxytocin is closely related to the parenting of human beings and social adaptation，It may improve empathy and altruism by weakening the tendency of self -centers。The above neurological evidence further verified the close relationship between empathy and altruism。

　Compassion is beneficial to mental health and social adaptation

Grühn and others conducted a 12 -year vertical study，As a result, I found，Whether it is adolescence、Adult Bet365 app download is still a test，Its empathy ability is positively correlated with higher mental health。High empathy is satisfied with life，Can accept yourself，More positive emotions，Symptoms of depression; they are good at maintaining a friendly or intimate relationship with others，It also attaches more importance to the importance of social exchanges in its own development; high empathy full of warmth and positive self -esteem is also more likely to have opportunities for social interaction，to form a virtuous cycle。The defect of empathy is significantly related to many psychological diseases and personality disorders，Patients with stimulus disorders and bilateral emotional disorders after trauma often accompanied by empathy damage，Hassel (Hassel) and others believe that this may be related to the almond nucleus of these patients and abnormal abnormal abdominal frontal lobe function。DECETY and other speculations，Complex damage is the core symptom of autism -the key cause of social disorders; anti -social and narcissistic personality disorders have also been found to have different degrees of empathy difficulties。Complex defects have caused huge trouble to the patient's interpersonal communication，and related to various unsuitable behaviors such as attack and retreat。other，Domestic scholar Yu Zhe and others believe that empathy has a negative effect on depression emotions，Zheng Xifu, etc., found that the level of empathy and anxiety is significant negative correlation，Explain that high empathy people are less troubled by negative emotions。

As mentioned earlier，High emotional sensitive people can easily or even automatically detect the subtle changes of the emotions of others and the atmosphere around the world。Of course, this characteristic has adaptable advantages，But it also makes them more vulnerable Bet365 lotto review to stimulating excitement，Not always beneficial。such as Marshall and others discovered，Anxiety caused by excessive alertness makes high emotional sensitive people more susceptible to post -traumatic stress disorder and related adverse reactions; Alon and others also think，High -sensitive individuals have a stronger emotional response in both positive and negative stimuli，It is inevitable to cause excessive loss of psychological resources，So，A selectively lowering sensitivity may be a way to save energy。

Cultivate real empathy

Complexity is both self -benefit and altruistic，and more plastic，Can be improved by conscious cultivation and training。Different similarity to distinguish between empathy and emotional sensitivity，On the one hand, remind us，Do not mistake "excessive sensitivity" to mistakenly believe that "consensus is strong"，Ignoring the uneasiness and anxiety hidden by the individual under the self -protection mechanism。Children who are naturally sensitive，Parents should try to create a more secure and inclusive growth environment for them。On the other hand，Only in -depth understanding of the essence of empathy，can avoid common misunderstandings that are caught in empathy，That is, the ability to improve and understand the emotions of others one -sided as the main goal of cultivation。

Just as Tharrenos and Feshbach and others found in the training practice，The effect of using technologies such as involved stories and role -playing is far better than pure expression recognition method，The advantage of the first two is that it meets the inherent requirements of cultivating true empathy，that is, "Feeling the same"。Effective empathy training should fully integrate multiple elements in social interaction，To maximize social life in a real or simulated situation，Let the trainers participate and experience bet365 best casino games the emotional emotion。In daily life，Parents should also guide and encourage their children to conduct more public welfare and charity activities，Cultivate sympathy and morality，Specific development of empathy development。

(Author Unit: School of Education, Suzhou University)