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Reporter Zhao Yuan / Photo

Looking at the world，Many cities are experiencing a decline in population scale、Reduced urban scale。What kind of challenges to shrink cities to sustainable development and urban planning policies，How to deal with it in the future? Regarding the issue above，November 15，Associate Professor Vlad Mykhnenko, an associate professor at the University of Oxford, accepted an interview with our reporter in London。

　　The status and reasons for the contraction of European cities

"China Social Sciences": How do you understand the changes in the economic structure of European space，What is the inspiration of the decision makers of cities and regional development?

Mikneko: In the past 35-40 years，The entire European continent has experienced huge economic changes，Its promotion factor is that productive capital is rapidly transferred to a new member country in the east and south。At the same time，Eastern and Southern European countries migrate to Western Europe。Therefore, the gap between the rich and the poor in Europe is reduced，Most of the EU cities and regions of the EU, the same economic trend，That is, the per capita income and actual growth rate are getting closer and closer。1980-2015，EU member states regional Bet365 lotto review income inequality declines 7.2%。other，With the establishment of the euro as a single currency and the EU expansion，European regions convergence and trends have become stronger。1995-2015，The gap between the per capita per capita domestic production value of the region decreases by 10.6%。Differences in cities and regions have also declined among old European core countries。

For decision makers，European economic convergence is the result of the combination of the combination of the freedom market and the government's active regional policy intervention，Many economic growth theoretical models have predicted regional convergence。Over the past 10 years，Europe's latest and poorest member states are 3.3 times faster than other EU member states。The speed of attracting foreign direct investment is 7.6 times that the EU qualifications are older and richer regions。At the same time，Western European salary high、A rich capital and cities can be rich in labor from the East、Low -salad areas and cities attract urgent labor resources，benefit local enterprises and consumers。The second driving force for the long -term convergence of the European economy is the regional cohesion policy within the European Union。From 1989 to the present，European regional public investment has increased from 75 billion euros to 454 billion euros，Among them, 73%flow to the poorest areas and cities in the east and south。Migration westward Bet365 app download with the workers，Their hometown city must adapt to the loss of labor，Continue to attract Western private capital and public investment。

"China Social Sciences": What are the reasons and impacts of some European cities in Europe，How to revitalize these cities through urban planning?

Mickneko: Two main reasons for the contraction of some European cities，First is a low fertility rate，Second is a reduction in natural population caused by the working age population.。Eastern and Southern Europe's labor age population migrate westward，Accelerated the population aging of these countries，further reduced the birth rate of already low birth。Its influence includes abandoned housing and vacant commercial real estate、Wilder land、Full municipal fiscal foundation，and high dependence on public subsidies。Display with evidence，between 1990，About 20%of the cities in Europe have undergone a serious population loss。

How to reverse this trend through policy? I think it can be re -planned to "appropriate scale" cities，Promoting a narrowing city can meet the housing of the local population、Education、Medical、Retail、Entertainment、Public security and other public services needs。This not only means that the number of schools or hospitals is appropriately reduced，It also means improving the quality of public service products，Make the city's architecture and natural environment beautiful，Efficient and convenient infrastructure，Easy to live in the lives of local residents。

　　UNI balance of the United Kingdom Challenge Economic Development

"China Social Sciences": How do you understand the imbalance of economic development in the North and South regional regional in the UK?

Mikneko: During the Great Depression period of the early 1920s and 1930s，The imbalance of economic development of the North and South regional in the UK is already obvious。Many British governments have tried to adopt multiple policies，Revitalize the central and northern regions of the United Kingdom，Including Scotland、Wales and Northern Ireland。

Solve the problem of imbalance between the development of the north and south regions of the UK，On the one hand，Need to carry out major policy reforms in the British government to re -balance the governance structure，Reduce its policy tilt to the south region。On the other hand，The government needs to strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as transportation，Promoting interconnection。By improving the British transportation system and information and communication infrastructure，To more efficient、High -speed ways to help northern Britain and southern and the world interconnection。

"China Social Sciences": How do you understand the impact of "Brexit" on the development of British cities?

Mickno: Britain "Brexit" will inevitably affect the products between Britain and Europe、Capital、Free flow of service and labor，Then hinder the sustainable development of British cities。"Brexit" may lead to some companies，Especially large multinational companies move to the European Union。This may produce a linkage bet365 best casino games effect，That is the reduction of labor force in the UK，Caused investment attractiveness in British cities。Last，Urban contraction will once again trouble this country。

　　Use characteristic to create a regional attraction

"China Social Sciences": What are your current research focus?

Mikeneko: Current，I am participating in a European Urban Joint Plan initiative called "Smart contraction solution" -aimed at promoting the recovery of European cities。The focus of this project is，Analysis and study of the experience of cities that have been shrinking but rejuvenated by rejuvenation，Then promote it in Europe and other regions。The project hopes to help as many contracted cities as possible to be able to adapt、Transformation，Sloping growth in a changing environment。

"China Social Sciences": What is the most critical concept in your view of "smart contraction solution"?

Mikneko: Every effective solution design requires adaptation to local conditions。Specifically，Want to shrink cities to rejuvenate，Need to dig deep into the local historical and cultural background，Looking for the possible local economic development characteristics，Use the local existing historical and cultural heritage，Create regional attraction。

"China Social Sciences": How do you think of China's urban development process?

Mickne: China is not only the country with the most population in the world，It is also the country with the most population population。Of the 99 cities with the fastest growing in the world，51 in China。We have paid attention to the geographical distribution of Chinese contracted cities，More than 2/3 contracted Bet365 lotto review cities in China are located in the northeast and west regions。The number of contracted cities in China presents an upward trend。

I think，The continuous pressure caused by changes in population and industrial structure adjustment continues to increase，The challenges brought by urban contraction will increase increasing。

"China Social Sciences": What are the opportunities for China and Britain in the field of urban development?

​​Mikeneko: As the population of the world continues to flow towards cities，Sustainable city development is a long -term goal。In the broad field of sustainable development，My main interest lies in urban recovery。Urban recovery power is usually defined as residents in the city、Community、Institution、Enterprise and System Survival、Adaptation and growth ability。

I believe that social scientists in the UK and China have many research results that can exert substantial contributions in this field。The most important thing is，We need to criticize the proposed urban recovery initiative and suggestion，to evaluate and explore the long -term utility and wider social benefits of these solutions。

(This newspaper London, November 16th)