Universities are the main institutions that produce knowledge，How to better promote the dissemination of knowledge and the application of bet365 withdrawal，Becoming an important mission of contemporary universities。In recent years，Collaboration between universities and enterprises，And the commercial application of bet365 withdrawal have received widespread attention from academia and the public。

　　The development model of commercialization of bet365 withdrawal is becoming mature

"bet365 withdrawal Policy", a journal sponsored by the University of Sussex, UK, published an article "Academic Participation and Commercialization: A Literature Review of the Relationship between Universities and Businesses"，Defines university-industry collaboration as: collaboration between researchers and non-academic organizations in the production of knowledge。The interaction between the two includes collaborative bet365 withdrawal and consulting、Academic patent transfer, etc.；The exchange conditions reached between the two can be based on economic interests，If paid academic bet365 withdrawal and development，It can also be based on non-financial interests，If you obtain materials or data for academic bet365 withdrawal projects。The results of their cooperation are not only the publication of academic results，And to produce broader academic and social effects，How to develop new bet365 withdrawal ideas、Solving social reality problems。

Markus Perkmann, professor at the Imperial College Business School in London, UK, believes，Commercial application is the follow-up activity of scientific research，Cooperating with enterprises can help scholars more clearly understand which academic research has more research value。Although universities have created external conditions for the commercial application of scholars’ bet365 withdrawal，But the initiative and personal pursuit of scholars are the key to determining the success of commercial application of bet365 withdrawal。Researchers investigated papers related to the commercial application of bet365 withdrawal in the medical field from 1980 to 2011 and the status of their authors，Found that nearly half of researchers in this field have established partnerships with companies。There is a positive correlation between scholar’s ​​qualifications and the probability of successful cooperation。This is because highly qualified scholars tend to have larger interpersonal networks and more social capital，Be able to connect with businesses faster，At the same time, scholars’ interpersonal network can also be strengthened through daily interactions with enterprises。

In the opinion of Maureen McKelvey, professor of industrial management at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden，The scientific research productivity of scholars is usually related to the degree of scientific research participation，Usually outstanding scholars are also people who have closer contact with enterprises。In addition，Support policies and norms for the commercial application of bet365 withdrawal by the scholar’s ​​institution，It will also affect the effectiveness of cooperation between scholars and enterprises。Scholars in different disciplines have very different attitudes towards cooperation with enterprises。For example，Bio、Scholars in the fields of medicine and chemical engineering are more likely to commercialize their research results in the form of patent transfer；The purpose of cooperation between scholars in the field of social sciences and enterprises includes jointly solving practical problems existing in enterprises such as the rational application of human capital and labor force。

Caroline Lenette, associate professor at the School of Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Australia, told this reporter，National policy support is an important factor in promoting cooperation between scholars and enterprises。After the release of the U.S. Bayh-Dole Act，The number of patent applications from American universities has increased significantly，Part of the reason is the good cooperation between enterprises and scholars，In the end, most of the patents were commercialized。The quality of these commercially applied bet365 withdrawal has not been affected，And there is certain academic potential，More practical value。However，We also saw it，Scholars are disgusted with radical forms of commercial cooperation。Therefore，The relationship and boundaries between scholars and enterprises must be properly handled，In order to make these patents truly effective。

　　Multi-dimensional solutions to accelerate the commercialization of bet365 withdrawal

Melanie Davern, associate professor at the Urban Research Center of RMIT University in Australia, recently published an article on Dialogue.com，The commercial application of bet365 withdrawal has huge economic benefits。For example，Israel’s R&D expenditure ratio is the highest in the world，At the same time, Israel has the most successful scientific research commercialization model，The annual sales value of research products at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem alone has reached US billion。For Australia，The government pays insufficient attention to scientific research investment，As a result, the annual R&D expenditure of Australian scientific research institutions has been lower than the average level of OECD member countries。If Australian universities cannot find a commercialization development model for bet365 withdrawal that is suitable for their own development，Will face an increasingly serious academic crisis，Even lose research capabilities in key areas，There are many reasons for this situation。First，More and more academics are being stripped of their fixed faculty tenure，The temporary employment model has caused Australia to lose many outstanding talents。Secondly，Scholars need to spend a lot of time writing research grant applications and research fund applications，So that you can’t concentrate on innovation、High quality research。Again，There is currently no direct federal research funding in Australia to support the commercial application of university research results，It is also difficult for universities themselves to allocate large amounts of funds for the commercial development of bet365 withdrawal，Only some scholars in the biological field have established good interactions with enterprises。Finally，Australia does not have a dedicated agency responsible for formulating rules and guiding scholars to establish connections with enterprises，Many scholars simply do not understand and cannot predict the laws that may be involved、Technical issues。

In view of the current practical problems faced by the commercial application of Australian bet365 withdrawal，Lynette suggested，Evaluation mechanism of change scholars，Break the single standard that relies on the number of research funding results and the number of published papers to measure the academic level of scholars，Incorporate other factors，Such as the effect of scientific research cooperation between scholars and enterprises, etc.。At the same time，To stimulate the willingness of enterprises and scholars to cooperate，Grant certain tax exemptions and exemptions to enterprises。Want to form a complete set of commercial development models for bet365 withdrawal，The Australian government must develop a complete policy framework，Let scholars from all disciplines find points of interest in cooperating with enterprises。Universities and scientific research institutions must make changes，To support the rapid development of commercial applications of bet365 withdrawal。For example，Update financial operating model，Reward scientific research talents who cooperate with enterprises，Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of scholars；Incorporate cooperation experience with enterprises into the professional training process of doctoral students，Strengthening the interdisciplinary research capabilities of young scholars，Ultimately enable it to maximize its social effectiveness。