Modernization is the only way for human society to seek progress，It is also the direction of the evolution of civilization in various countries in the world。Some scholars think，In a broad sense，Modernization can be understood as a "national long -term project" that requires a wide range of in -depth and continuous action at all levels of society.。Recent，This reporter interviewed a number of foreign scholars on related issues，They explain how the new Chinese -style modern road has achieved the development of "stable and far away" from a comparison perspective。

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German Sinologist Klaus Mühlhahn in his book "Struggle for Modern China: from the Qing Dynasty to the New Era" once said: "What we need to explain today is no longer the history of Chinese history today 'deficit'，But China has achieved amazing and unexpected success that China has achieved amazing speed。"Muerhahn believes，China's advanced and powerful today，It is the result of the common promotion of the various development forms outside the economy and beyond the economy。For this point of view，Professor and researcher of the Asian Africa Research Center of the University of Venezuelalos, Norbert Molina Medina, said in an interview。

Moderna believes，Modernization is a gradual process of socio -economic and technological changes，Aiming to social transformation and improvement。Modernization must have the elements of political stability、Legal guarantee and security、Communication、Technology、Grain security and extensive progress in other social key areas。In his opinion，The Communist Party of China as a modern architect of China、Instructors and executors，proved to the world that reform and opening up have made China a huge success。Socialist market economy model is an important mechanism for helping China's economic modernization.。In this mode，Market elements are fully and effectively scheduled，Effective allocation and use of wealth through the effective allocation of resources，to achieve the overall goal of improving the living standards of all people。

Talking about the uniqueness of China's modernization process，Moderna said，The "dialectical unity" thought that the Chinese have always used to，It is an admirable cultural tradition。In the process of implementing the "national engineering" process of modernization，Chinese society reflects a high degree of "unity"，This is difficult for Latin American countries。For thousands of years，The labor concept formed by Chinese people is also bet365 live casino games unique。Confucian tradition that pays attention to knowledge education and ethics，It plays an important role in serving modern society。This ideological education tradition means，China currently has the world's most standardized, orderly, well -trained government agency，It has a direct and positive role in the implementation of public policy。Another，The pragmatic attitude of the Chinese government is also worthy of affirmation。During the implementation of modernization，China can always take effective measures，and timely abandon the method of being proven by history。

Take the current new crown pneumonia public crisis as an example，Merdie talk about，China's good response in this crisis，strongly proved the modernization of public health in China、Modernization of social governance and modernization of the public。The spread of the epidemic seriously hinders global economic growth，But it is worth noting that，China is the only economic growth in 2020、Major economies that have achieved better achievements in the macroeconomic field in 2021。The following reasons are the following: First, there is a rich experience in responding to such diseases in Chinese history，The second is due to the discipline and unity of the Chinese people，Third, China has strong emergencies response capabilities and manpower and technical resources that can be fully scheduled。other，High -level international cooperation and assistance provided by China during the epidemic，Showing its international leadership and friendly cooperation willingness。

　Industrialization is the core of modernization

Mr. Luo Rongqu, a well -known scholar of Chinese modernization theory, once said: "Industrialization is the core of modernization。"Historical experience indicates，Establish industrialization，It is possible to realize Jia'an Guoqiang。Regardless of what stage of the development of modernization，Nothing can easily abandon the road of exploring the progress of industrial manufacturing capabilities。

Talk about the early industrial process of the United States，William W. Grimes, a professor of international relations and political sciences at Boston University in the United States, introduced to reporters，Similar to Britain，Based on the accumulation of private capital，Capital participation from the government rarely。Starting from the beginning of the 20th century，Through anti -Torais (also known as antitrust method)、Financial supervision, etc.，The role of the US federal government in economic development has slowly increased。During the Great Depression，Roosevelt New Deal has largely added the government's role。During World War II and Cold War，U.S. government supports industrial technology development with commercial value on a large scale bet365 Play online games (such as radar、Jet engine、Computer and semiconductor、material science, etc.)。The US government has also expanded support for basic scientific research。Scientific research activities have been jointly funded by federal funds and commercial capital。

Grams thinks，Although some of the methods used by the US government, including scientific research subsidies、Government procurement, etc.，It plays a certain role in the industrialization of the United States，But if the US government leads the development of industrial policy，This is inaccurate。Unfortunately，The United States has not implemented unified industrial actions or formulate sustainable long -term industrialization development strategies。

For this，He has three reasons for him: First, it is difficult for the United States to form a political consensus on industrial policy。Industrial policy is usually required to distribute through credit、Government subsidy、Tax Policy、Trade policy, etc.，Reduce the interests of some groups to some other groups。But，The democratic ecology and free market mechanism in the United States determines that it is difficult for each interest party to reach an agreement on the "legitimacy" of the policy (the situation in the field of defense and medical technology is relatively optimistic)。Second, the growth of the American industry is mainly based on private capital accumulation and financial intermediaries of private sector，instead of relying on the government -led。Third, the U.S. government has never created policy tools，Plan and adjust its industrial system at the national level。In the United States，Government institutions that coordinate investment plans or private sector financing are very limited，It is difficult to promote industrial policy。So far，The largest government -funded financial institution in the United States focuses on the real estate market (such as sponsorship of Fanglima and Family)，instead of industrial or technical fields。

"What is formed with is，Chinese practice is worthy of praise。"Grams said，Information communication、Smart Manufacturing、Aerospace、Marine Engineering、New Energy and New Materials、Development in biomedical and other aspects，Show the direction of China's future manufacturing power.，It reflects China's determination to further realize modernization。

　　Cross the "Secondary Income Trap"

After reform and opening up in 1978，Manpower、Land、Resource dividend dividends have become the source of China's economic growth，China's GDP growth rate is far faster than other East Asian countries。Now，China's human resources advantage is gradually disappearing，Economy is transforming from a single rapid development to high -quality development。

Talk about this phenomenon，bet365 best casino games Grams said，This is a normal phenomenon that any economy will face after high -speed growth，It is also a must -have stage for modernization。This stage means slower economic growth，It also means that it may fall into the "secondary income trap"。This "trap" implies income gaps、The differentiation of the rich and poor、Increased pressure on resource and environmental pressure、Domestic consumption weak、Industrial optimization and upgrade stagnation and other problems。

Talking about the "secondary income trap" of the Latin American family such as Brazil for a long time，Professor Luís Antonio Paulino, Professor，The reason why Brazil and other Latin American countries will fall into stagnation at the intermediate stage of economic development，The reason can be attributed to the slow domestic economic growth caused by structural disorders or even recession。For a long time，Brazil lacks structural changes that can promote the development of knowledge -intensive industries。From the 1950s to the 1990s，Brazil has established a relatively complex industrial system，Actively promote the "Import Alternative" model (restricting imported products to support its own industry)，And ranked among the top ten machinery and equipment producing countries in the world，It has also written "Brazil Miracle"。But，Unfortunately，When the transition to developed countries has not been completed，Brazil started the "de -industrialization" process prematurely，Its production structure is backward to minerals、Agricultural products and other primary products export -based models。

From the view of Paulino，The "Import Alternative" strategy has established a complete establishment of Brazil、Diversified industrial structure has an important role。But，The question lies in，Brazil does not adopt a strategy to promote exports at the same time，It has not accepted external competition in the way of gradually opening up the domestic economy。One -sided emphasis on protecting local industry，instead of required ethnic enterprises to increase its competitiveness by increasing productivity -this "protective umbrella" policy makes many companies avoid fierce external competition，As a result, they can adopt a monopoly policy，Make the company's innovation awareness gradually faded。In Brazil，Some multinational companies occupy a dominant position in important economic fields such as automobile production，exacerbated this monopoly situation。These companies use relatively closed local markets，Unreasonable extension of the "life cycle" of some outdated products，to maximize the profit。

early 21st century，A "Dutch disease" occurred in Brazil (the phenomenon of the decline of traditional manufacturing and other industries due to abnormal prosperity of primary bet365 Play online games products)。Paulino thinks，The exchange rate appreciation caused by the booming development of primary products，Improving people’s purchasing power，But the export of Brazilian finished products lost its competitiveness，and reduced the cost of the import of finished products。Loss of local industrial competitiveness，Finally accelerated the "de -industrialization" process of Brazil。Now，Brazil is still experiencing the crisis brought by the premature "de -industrialization" process。Another，"Middle income Trap" is not only a problem of a country's own "low ability"，Also affected by the global economic operating environment。For example，After China joined the WTO in 2001，major changes in international division of labor，China has become the "World Factory"。In some industries such as textiles and clothing、Electronic and Machinery、Equipment manufacturing, etc.，Brazil's industry cannot compete with Chinese manufacturers，Therefore, it is impacted。

Polyo concluded，The current Brazilian ruling class still lacks clear planning and commitment for national economic development。In this case，Brazil to overcome the current economic stagnation is very difficult。Especially in recent years，Brazil's economic policy has always been determined by capital interests，This policy is given priority to the short -term income obtained in the financial market，instead of considering the long -term benefit of productive investment。To reverse the "secondary income trap"，In addition to more infrastructure construction to accelerate economic growth，It also needs more optimized national system and education system，Reduce income inequality。

Talking about the enlightenment of China's modern development，Paulino said，Although it is also a developing country，But there is a big difference in national conditions in China and Brazil。Of course，China also faces challenges across this trap at the current development stage，But he expressed optimism about this。He mentioned，Different development models from Latin American countries "due to the old" development model，Always，The Chinese government can adjust and transform its economic development method in time，and always play a positive role in intervention and guiding the healthy operation of the economic structure。

　Eliminate the imbalance of modernization

The policy implemented to achieve modernization is not all successful。Moderna believes，The modernization of some Latin American countries has made some progress，But more Latin American countries have failed in the process of trying to achieve modernization。The modernization policy of some countries has become a social trial of the "Fast Edition" and "Cut version"，Although other countries can try to achieve development bet365 live casino games goals，It has also achieved several results including wealth accumulation，But at the same time, some typical problems in the process of modernization are produced: the marginalization of specific groups、Excessive crowded、Crime、Immigration、unemployment, etc.。Loss of traditional values、Ecological Destruction，It is also a problem that is easy to occur in the process of modernization。For example，With the prosperity of oil trade in the 20th century，Venezuela has a large number of immigrants from rural to key cities。This not only affects Venezuela's agricultural production，Poverty -stricken areas in major cities。other，Millions of Venezuela people to neighboring countries，People in Central America and the Caribbean are a large amount of immigrants to the United States，This is all difficulties in Latin America。

"Some Latin American countries' modernization failures，Economic stagnation caused by long -term political instability、Government changes leading to the lack of continuity of the state plan、Science and Technology lacks policy support、Lack of collaborations in the industrial and agricultural and service departments、Excessive dependence on raw materials。"Meidiana summarized this way。Latin America's political elite group and their development vision have great differences，In the past 20 years，Unnecessary controversy between the followers of socialism and liberal political and economic perspectives，Diversified development energy of the area。But，Most of the Latin American governments have not started to solve problems from the social structure，Just adopted a temporary relief strategy。In Venezuela，The neglect of the leadership of higher education has led many universities to become ruins，National Development and University Development into two non -intersecting "parallel lines"，and China has known the importance of education since ancient times。

Moderna believes，The modernization process of China also encountered the problem of imbalanced urban and rural development，But the Chinese government did not escape these problems，Instead, choose to face the problem，and focus on eradicating the root cause of the problem。In recent years，China has implemented a fruitful poverty reduction policy。Another，By adjusting income distribution、Ecological governance and other measures，The negative factor of the modern development of China is gradually decreasing。He mentioned，Modernization should focus on creating opportunities for individual and social development，And the Chinese government is particularly committed to providing more fair opportunities for Chinese people，Special care for the population of the remote areas。In this regard，China has many valuable experiences for other countries to learn from。

bet365 live casino games "The modernization process is always full of imbalance。"Grams told reporters，The faster the development of modernization，Different industries、The imbalance between different regions is greater。Although there has been inequality in Chinese society in recent years，But with other developing countries such as Thailand、Brazil, etc. Compared with，The unequal inequality brought by China's modernization is far lower than these countries。For China，What needs to be vigilant is，Domestic investment brought by the rapid economic development。Following the established investment model may hinder productivity growth，and China's pace towards countries towards high -income levels。A major challenge facing China's economic modernization is to improve capital allocation，Make it flowing to industries and companies with higher productivity growth capabilities。This is not an impossible task，But this is definitely a difficult task。

Paulino said，Developing countries must unite in the international level，Global governance rules that change the current interests to wealthy countries。In this sense，The "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by China，Infrastructure of improving developing countries，Create a global value chain that is interdependent between developing countries，It is important。Current，China is promoting the concept of "Digital Belt and One Road" concept，Similarly，China can also propose the planning idea of ​​the "Industry Belt and Road"，Value chain centered on developing countries with developing countries。