early 21st century，Dutch Meteorologist、Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen proposed the concept of "Anthropocene"，It is used to refer to a brand -new geological age that has caused huge changes to the earth's ecosystem。May 2019，The International Story Committee (ICS) Human World Working Group (AWG) voted to decide to name the current geological age of the current human beings in the "human world"，and set the start time in the middle of the 20th century。The working group is planned to submit a formal proposal to the International Stadium Council before the end of 2021。

The core of the concept of "human world" is the impact of human activities on the earth，and we have to admit，This is more negative effects -biological diversity loss、Climate change、Oceanic acidization、Environmental pollution, etc.。Science is the revolutionary force to promote the progress of human civilization，How to rely on scientifically to protect human civilization? In view of people，Especially in the social sense, people in the "human world" crisis have an unprepared responsibility，How to deal with social sciences and humanities、Powerful contribution to development misunderstandings? Our reporter interviewed foreign scholars on related issues。

　bet365 Play online games

Researcher at the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at the University of London, the University of London, British，The severe ecological environment challenge of "human world" has a profound impact on how people think about the world。The latest reports such as the latest report of the Special Committee (IPCC) of the Intergovernmental Climate Change，Dangerous is the future of human beings，The fate of the earth -this planet has gone through countless disasters in its history but can always "pass the difficulty"，Even if the earth environment is no longer suitable for human survival，Earth will continue bet365 best casino games to run。Copy environmental crisis is not only about saving nature，More related to saving human itself，If humans do not exist，Culture、Art、Science and Technology and other human civilizations will die with it。Today's human society is based on the labor and wisdom of countless predecessors，We have the responsibility to protect these results，instead of letting it pass away。Humanities and Social Sciences can help us understand what is the key to affect human existence、How big is the possible loss of loss。

Humanities and Social Sciences can also tell us how human beings have reached this step now。Natural science focuses on causality in the material world，For example, why carbon emissions cause climate warming。Humanities and Social Sciences can explain the culture and political reasons of crisis，Blind pursuit of infinite economic growth、Natural tooling、Species discrimination、Consumerism、numbness that affects the future of human behavior，These are closely related to the current crisis。Even，Some disciplines also play a role in helping the "growth fanatic" of human beings。British natural historian、The famous natural documentary producer David Attenborough said，"We only have the limited environment of the earth，I believe that people who can achieve infinite growth in a limited environment are either lunatic，Either economist "。

　Correct the wrong thinking mode

Now，People hope to resolve environmental crisis through scientific and technological innovation，Renewable energy power generation、Energy -saving building、electric and hybrid vehicles、Carbon capture and sealing, etc. It is considered a key area for economic and social development green and low -carbon transformation。Although "Earth Engineering" is an emerging and controversial field，However, many people have been used as an alternative plan for climate challenges，or "life -saving straw"。But，Technical solution may "cure the standard and not cure the root"。From Sudoris's view，Even if the effect of new technology meets expected and it will not cause more negative effects，They can not correct bet365 Play online games the wrong thinking mode。If people believe that they can get rid of the crisis with more advanced science and technology，Then it will miss the lesson of "human world": we should "repair" human civilization with a humble rather than a self -carried attitude，instead of "repairing" the earth。

Professor of the School of Public Policy, National University of Australia、"Robert Costanza), the founding editor -in -chief of the journal" Ecological Economics ", told this reporter，Humans are surpassing safe earth biophysics boundaries。While economic growth，Equipment increases，Loss of Natural Capital and Social Capital，Ecological system degradation。This has led to the improvement of the overall quality of life in many countries，Global Sustainable Development Encounter crisis。To solve these problems requires an innovative way。To achieve the UN sustainable development goals，People should pay attention to GDP from narrowly，Instead of pursuing a broader "well -being"，That is the comprehensive well -being of human and nature，imagine in a creative way and realize the future that everyone yearn for。

We need to deal with the crisis with science，and "science" is far more than high -energy physics、A "high -precision" discipline like astronomy，Humanities and Social Sciences in terms of solving income inequality and ecosystem destruction，It also plays a huge promotion role。Human needs new、Broad goals to guide development，Need a comprehensive modeling ability to understand complex dynamics，And weighing the advantages and disadvantages，You need to measure "progress" with more appropriate standards。The formulation of the UN sustainable development goals marks a big step in global goals，But there are corresponding challenges。For example，How to participate in the implementation and expansion of the goal of folk society，How to add all stakeholders to the right to be more sustainable、More worth looking forward to the future imagination and design，Humanities and Social Sciences can help people reach a common vision and planning at multiple levels，Come on Bet365 lotto review these challenges -small to the community，Big to provincial/state、Country，Then to the entire international community。

　Promoting interdisciplinary research

Kang Shitan said，Whether it is natural science or humanities and social sciences，When facing the important question，"Comprehensive"。In today's "Human World"，The impact of human beings on life support system is increasingly complicated、Deep、Broadly。At the same time，In order to maintain socio -economic equality、Poor countries to reduce poverty，All put greater pressure on the life support system of the earth。In the world of "saturation" in this natural environment，Scientific research、Education、The focus of the policy shall solve the problem from isolated，Steering research is complex、Dynamic interaction between the entire system connected to each other and its composition part。These problems are extremely complicated，It is impossible to solve it within any single discipline。

The current reward mechanism in the academic world is too old and can easily cause discipline barriers，The pace of hindering human movement。Former American Society (AES) Chairman Roberta Ness put forward in the book of "Creative Crisis -Revisiting Science to Release Potential"，"Today，Science has the biggest transformation and innovation potential in human history，But science has become too cautious and even unable to fulfill its commitment "。Needless doubt，Answer to major questions facing humans is rooted in cross -disciplinary cooperation，Researchers and stakeholders need to work together in a group with the same view of the same views，Even if their cultural and subject perspectives have differences。Kang Shitan recommends the "Innovation Incubator" as a "innovative incubator" for this transformative research。

The function of "Comprehensive Center" is to support logistical support、Researchers、Complex data management、Information and computer professional skills、Team discussion and thinking opportunities are combined，Stimulation of creativity、Promoting ideological exchange。Current，There Bet365 app download are more than ten "Comprehensive Center" in the world，distributed in the United States、Europe、China、Australia and other places。The main role of "Comprehensive Center" is reflected in the impact on policy。For example，As a working group of a national ecological analysis and synthetic center (NCEAS) in the United States，Kang Shitan and others established the principles of ecosystem services in the article "The Value of World Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital" published in 1997。This article has been quoted nearly 16,000 times，It has a milestone for the discipline of ecological economics，Its international influence is huge and far -reaching，To a large extent, the United Nations and other institutions launched the millennium ecosystem evaluation project，The impact of evaluating changes in the ecosystem on human well -being。

Kang Shitan called on the scientific community to adopt more interdisciplinary and integrated research channels，so as to use scientific guidance policies more effectively。In order to better provide decision -making support，Scientists need to participate more directly to the policy process，More effectively contribute to how the world's knowledge and their understanding of uncertainty。Another，People should pay attention to distinguish the two main levels of "scientific literacy"。The first level is the understanding of basic scientific facts and theory，The second level is open、Critical thinking method，Emphasize questions instead of answers，Pay attention to evidence instead of faith。Both levels need to be greatly improved，Especially the second level，and the global existing educational model of educational models seriously inadequate this ability。Among the countries around the world，Finland's approach is worth learning from，The key to the success is to emphasize education、Promote critical thinking、Encourage finding evidence，instead of standardized test。

　　Unexpected need of imaginative action innovation

In recent years，Promote the transformation of individual and group behavior with the help of behavior Bet365 app download science、Guide policy formulation，Thus the idea of ​​promoting active social changes has attracted much attention and recognition。where，Professor of Business School at the University of Chicago、2017 Nobel Prize winner Richard H. THALER and Harvard University Professor Cass R. Sunstein, a professor of law school in Harvard University, "Push theory" is highly respected。

The goal of behavioral science is to understand the reasons for people's behavior and how to change their behavior。Help theory emphasizes through positive strengthening and indirect suggestions，Impact behavior and decision -making。The advantage is that the cost and invasion of the purpose can be achieved through "booster"，far below the traditional way to achieve changes by formulating and implementing hard rules and regulations。For example，To improve the health level of citizens，Stores can place unhealthy foods in the inconvenient position or inconspicuous position，To reduce customer purchase rate，instead of the government directly issued the ban on unhealthy food sales。

The scientific research results of boosted theory and other behavioral scientific research are currently in medical and health、Environmental protection、Education、Charity、Corporate culture and other fields are widely used，It is a study of social sciences participating in interdisciplinary research、Examples to help social progress。but but，Sudoris Reminder，The major challenges in response to the "human world" should not be too dependent on behavior science。American Jewish philosopher Hannah Arendt's distinction between "action" and "behavior" can give us important tips。From Aren's view，Action is the highest level of implementation of "people's situation"，Its features include revealing the identity of the subject，Make "freedom" and be realized as a secular reality，Create and maintain a public space that can appear "free"。On the contrary，behavior is the passive adaptation of citizens to society，It is determined by the precedent of causality。Therefore，Action is pioneering、bet365 Play online games Miraculous、Out of expectations，behavior is common、Controlled、Automated。

As Suboris said，The focus of behavioral science is not to tell people how to make real actions happen，Instead, it is replaced by one predictable behavior mode。But，The established behavior mode is the main reason why humans fall into trouble today，"Human World" crisis originates from the fundamental defects of modern civilization。Therefore，What we need is bold、Imaging action innovation，instead of the behavior conversion in the existing mode。