bet365 bonus code indiana newspaper’s comprehensive foreign media reports A new study shows,After the 2008 global financial crisis,Huge household bet365 bonus code indiana pressure pushes Hungarian voters towards right-wing parties。
According to a report on the official website of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on June 16,The May 2022 issue of "Finance Magazine" edited by the American Finance Association published an article "Financial Crisis" by Emil Verner, assistant professor of finance at MIT and others、Credits and bet365 bonus code indiana Conflicts and Populism》。This article examines how the Hungarian right-wing party "Ubik Party" used the bet365 bonus code indiana issue to attract voters in the country in the aftermath of the financial crisis。
2008-2009,Financial crises characterized by bank failures have occurred in many countries around the world,But its impact extends beyond the financial field。When the economy goes down、When the unemployment rate rises,Many people who rely on borrowing to maintain their living standards due to stagnant income growth or declining income,Find yourself deeply in bet365 bonus code indiana。These economic issues triggered a political turn,Many debtors are attracted to populist politics。Hungary is one of the countries with the most obvious rise of populism after the 2008 financial crisis。
Hungary’s loan boom started in 2000,Mainly foreign currency。By 2008,The Swiss franc accounts for more than 60% of Hungarian household bet365 bonus code indiana。During the two elections in September 2008 (the key month of the financial crisis) and April 2010,The Hungarian currency forint depreciated by 23%,The increase in household bet365 bonus code indiana is equivalent to 4% of Hungary’s GDP before the financial crisis。Same period,The Hungarian political landscape has undergone major changes。2006 election,Far-right parties only accounted for 2% of the total votes.6%,By 2010 this proportion rose to 17%,Rise to 20% by 2014。
To clarify the relationship between bet365 bonus code indiana and politics,Furner et al. analyzed bet365 bonus code indiana and external bet365 bonus code indiana data of Hungarian regions,and voter voting data。Result display,2006-2010,As residents’ bet365 bonus code indiana exceeds income in various regions of Hungary,Their votes lean toward far-right parties。Specifically,Every 10 percentage point increase in the bet365 bonus code indiana-to-income ratio,The vote share of far-right parties will increase1.4 percentage points。Overall,The surge in foreign currency bet365 bonus code indiana during this period led to an increase of 3 percentage points in the national vote total for far-right parties。This trend continues to this day。Verner said,The surge in bet365 bonus code indiana is an important consequence of the 2008 financial crisis,Many people are under the pressure of bet365 bonus code indiana,Every month’s financial situation is affected by it。This is how far-right parties can attract a large number of voters,Reasons including middle-income or even slightly above-middle-income people。
Researchers pointed out,A key aspect of the above political dynamics is that many Hungarian households are saddled with foreign currency bet365 bonus code indiana。The "Ubik Party" has a highly nationalist political platform,It is also the Hungarian political party that has most aggressively called for bailout measures to reduce foreign bet365 bonus code indiana,The mainstream political parties in the country have a vague attitude on this issue。“Populist parties like to exploit ordinary people and elites、Differences among foreigners,Or achieve one’s own political goals by creating external threats,The conflict between debtors and banks is an excellent opportunity for them。This helps explain the popularity of populist parties after the financial crisis。" Verner said。
Considering that many factors may cause local political shifts,Researchers also looked at historical extremist attitudes、Immigration model、Changes in local employment situation、Financial literacy、House price shock and other influencing factors。They found out,Even if these factors are excluded,The link between rising bet365 bonus code indiana and political shifts to the right remains strong。In addition,Although the bet365 bonus code indiana problem has contributed to the rise of the "Ubik Party",But the party did not become the ruling party in Hungary。However,Nationalist rhetoric and stance allowed the "Ubik Party" to win the support of enough voters,Therefore its position in Hungarian politics is even more prominent。
Verner said,Severe economic difficulties and financial crises are often accompanied by political unrest。The higher the degree of political polarization,The less support the centrist mainstream parties receive,The more support fringe or non-mainstream parties receive,Far-right populist parties are also more “popular”。This phenomenon has appeared in various forms throughout modern history。Therefore,When people look at the impact of the 2008 bet365 bonus code indiana,This should also be taken into consideration。
Researcher reminder,Government officials and political commentators from all countries should realize this,The financial crisis has a wide range of impacts and may trigger a political shift,The bet365 bonus code indiana crisis may evolve into a broader crisis。“How to design and regulate financial systems、What kind of financial products are launched to consumers,All may be given to the economy、Society、The political system and people’s lives have a broad and profound impact。" Verner said。
(Sha Fangbing/Compiled)
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