The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century，The development of economic app bet365 download is also accompanied by various turbulences and twists and turns。Under the influence of the new coronavirus epidemic，Personnel、The flow of goods has been greatly affected，Some people are divided over whether app bet365 download can continue，There are expressions such as “deglobalization” and “slow app bet365 download”。July 21，Elsabe Loots, professor of economics at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, published an article on the "Dialogue" website，Analysis of the evolution of app bet365 download。Issues surrounding the current app bet365 download development process，Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars。

　Development history of app bet365 download

The World Economic Forum divided the previous app bet365 download process into four waves。The first wave began in the late 19th century，Ended in 1914。At that time, driven by the industrial revolution，Transportation and communication technology have been greatly improved。The second wave started in 1945，Ended in 1989。The third wave began in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union，To the end of the global financial crisis in 2008。2010，As the global economy recovers from the financial crisis，Digital Economy、The rise of artificial intelligence，China’s international influence is increasing，The world has ushered in the fourth wave of app bet365 download。Currently，People’s discussions about app bet365 download mainly focus on two questions: whether the world is currently experiencing the ebb of the fourth wave of app bet365 download？Are countries ready to welcome the fifth wave of app bet365 download？Although many scholars have proposed，The decline period of the first wave of app bet365 download is similar to the current world situation，But do these similarities mean app bet365 download is receding，Is the world today experiencing "de-app bet365 download" or "slow app bet365 download"，Currently，Various opinions lack sufficient evidence。

Lotz thinks，1914-1945，The decline of app bet365 download was mainly affected by the First World War and the Second World War。Other influencing factors include the Spanish Flu of 1918-1920，The U.S. stock market crash in 1929 and the U.S. Great Depression in the 1930s。The decline of app bet365 download during this period is characterized by the rise of local protectionism、Increase in tariffs and other trade barriers and general contraction in international trade。Lotz said，There are indeed certain similarities between the current global background and the above period。For example，The world is still fighting against the new coronavirus epidemic；Russia-Ukraine conflict fuels global uncertainty and food shortages，At the same time, it causes the price of natural gas to rise，Further impact on the global value chain；Rising prices for various consumer goods and energy have put pressure on overall price levels；Global inflation continues，United States、Inflation rates in many European countries reached the highest level in 40 years；Geopolitical challenges further intensify，Potential changes leading to trade partnerships and regionalism。

　　Welcoming the fifth wave of app bet365 download

Lotz said，“Deglobalization” means that there are gradually fewer connections between countries in the world，Characterized by stronger nation-states、Localized solution、Tighter border controls。In addition，Recently, there is also a term "slow ballization"，referring to through trade、The flow of financial and other elements to continue to integrate the global economy has slowed significantly。Relevant data showing economic app bet365 download，Even before the COVID-19 epidemic swept the world in 2020，The slowdown of app bet365 download is also obvious，Mainly manifested in the following aspects。

First，World Exports of Goods and Services。At the end of the third wave of app bet365 download in 2008，World exports of goods and services account for 31% of global GDP，A record high。2011-2019，This figure slowly drops to 28% of global GDP，And further dropped to 26% after the outbreak。Second，Foreign direct investment inflow。This data peaked at US trillion in 2016，Subsequently a downward trend，Down to 1 in 2019.48 trillion US dollars。By 2020，Foreign direct investment inflows are 20% below 2009 global financial crisis levels。Third，Foreign direct investment as a percentage of global GDP。The percentage reached 5 in 2007.Continuously falling after a peak of 3%，Only 3 in 2015 and 2016.5%，Dropped to 1 in 2019.7%，Dropped to 1 in 2020.4%。Fourth，Number of multinational companies。2008，The number of multinational enterprises reported by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development is more than 80,000，The number dropped to about 60,000 in 2017。Fifth，World private capital flows。Related data display from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，Private capital flows in participating countries reached 4 billion in 2014，Subsequently a downward trend，Falled to 9 billion in 2019。

Current，There are many disputes about the development trend of app bet365 download。For example，Will countries withdraw from app bet365 download as they did after the first wave of app bet365 download；The slowdown in app bet365 download in recent years is ultimately the prelude to “deglobalization”，It is still the phenomenon of “slow app bet365 download” caused by the slow recovery of the world economy from the epidemic。Lotz said，The lessons of the first wave of app bet365 download’s ebb have made countries around the world realize，There may be problems in blindly signing contracts and agreements with companies from other countries，Need to choose trade and investment partners carefully。Although this has led to the spread of protectionism and inward-looking policies，But this is still far from complete “deglobalization”。current，What is most likely to happen is the regionalization and fragmentation of the supply chain，This will make the characteristics of “deglobalization” and “slow app bet365 download” in the app bet365 download process more and more obvious。A series of global external shocks，People need to think comprehensively about the app bet365 download process、Repositioning and Reform，Thus leading the continued development of economic app bet365 download。

　Adjusting policies to improve resilience

The British "Guardian" published an article in April，The trend of “deglobalization” does not mean the end of app bet365 download。That’s for sure，Strengthening international cooperation is a good thing，Global solutions still require global solutions，Countries will always seek cooperation at the right time。But the current global energy prices are high，Shipping goods to other countries is costly and unsustainable。Before the arrival of a new wave of app bet365 download，Countries hope to better control their own economic destiny，Avoid financial crisis。However，People are concerned about the rising cost of living、Dissatisfied with declining living standards and rising inequality，Will trigger a revolt against app bet365 download。

Sinan Urgen, visiting scholar at the European Institute of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ?興lgen）means，Facing people’s dissatisfaction with app bet365 download，Policymakers must restructure the app bet365 download framework，At the same time, ensure that the core driving force for global growth always exists。Countries need to make great efforts to reform the relevant institutions that formulate global governance rules，Not only must we mitigate the negative impacts of app bet365 download，We must also actively enhance its positive externalities。Currently，Some countries have put forward various proposals to reconnect with app bet365 download，However，There is still a big gap between these reasonable requirements and the reality of app bet365 download reform，To be further improved。

China has achieved rapid development in the process of app bet365 download。Tony Makin, professor of economics at Griffith University in Australia, said in an interview with this reporter，After China joins the World Trade Organization，The lifting of international trade barriers has greatly promoted China’s international merchandise trade。Related data display，2008，China’s total import and export trade accounts for 7% of the world’s total.7%，An increase of nearly 4 times compared with 2001。Although the global financial crisis has had a certain impact on China’s export momentum，But the interruption is short-lived，China’s exports soar in 2021，Much higher than the peak before 2008。Relative to most developed economies in the world，China’s embrace of app bet365 download has made it a highly open economy。

Ma Jin said，China and its trading partners in other parts of the world are prosperous and prosperous，Global economic slowdown reduces demand for Chinese exports，Resulting in China’s economic growth slowdown；The slowdown in economic growth in turn reduces China’s demand for imports，In turn lowering the GDP of the rest of the world。Since the Global Financial Crisis，China has adopted a policy of rebalancing the economy。The proportion of China’s current account surplus in GDP during the same period is within a reasonable and balanced range，This shows that China pays more attention to domestic demand when achieving economic growth。This will have spillover effects on trade and commodity prices，This will have a profound international impact。Domestic demand will help enhance the resilience of China’s economy，Better cope with the impact of "de-app bet365 download"。