Grain security is a country to maintain economic development、An important foundation for building a harmonious society。During the epidemic，The phenomenon of food shortage in the United States，Some people have long queues to pick up bread at the food bank、Milk、Fruit、Vegetables and canned foods，But this can only solve the three meals of individuals and families。Food shortage not only leads to an increase in the proportion of malnutrition population and the incidence of various major diseases，It also reflects the structural inequality of American society。2018，37.2 million Americans (including 11.5 million children) cannot continue to obtain sufficient and nutritious foods。Enter the era of epidemic，American social turmoil intensifies，The result of decades of grain safety construction is in dangerous。Some American scholars think，It is necessary to go back to the era of gold plating in the United States (Gilded Age，Usually refers to the grain safety crisis from the 1970s to around 1900)，Find the fundamental reason for the current food shortage，Display the capital operation mechanism behind the private food assistance agency。Around the above topic，The reporter interviewed relevant American scholars。

　　bet365 Play online games  

College of the Holy Cross, American History Professor Edward T. O’Donnell, told this reporter，Since the age of gold，Grain security issues in the United States fluctuate with the economic cycle、Wealth distribution inequality、Close correlation with economic liberal policies and values。1870-1900，The rapid growth of the American industrial economy，The output value of the factory soared from 1900 million US dollars in 1860 to $ 13 billion in 1900。But at the end of the 19th century，There are two economic depression and a serious economic recession in the United States。Economic difficulties，US unemployment rate is Bet365 lotto review as high as 25%，It is difficult for a large number of heavy physical workers who are engaged in low -salary or unpaid -wage -unpaid -wage.。

Ao Danda said，The unsafe group living in the city is usually the first generation of European immigrants。In order to pay expensive urban food consumption，They have almost no remaining savings。At the same time，Drought and other natural disasters destroyed farmers' animal husbandry industries and crops。The instability of the US economy makes the original unstable grain harvesting profit less，Finally, the rural population also faces a food crisis，Especially southern African -American Americans are more serious。Since the "Declaration of Liberation of Black Slave"，Many African Americans who have obtained free identity have continued to work on the land of the former slave owner as the lady owner after the civil war.。A very exploited contract requires that some foods are delivered to the landlord for the landlord to rent agricultural tools and cultivated land，This leads to their bodyless text，Unable to be self -sufficient。

In an interview with our reporter，Ao Donna proposed，In the gold -plated era，Liberty decentralization becomes the mainstream of social thought at that time。People generally think，The government is not only small in scale，It is also necessary to reduce interference in individuals and markets，Allowing it free development。Therefore，Any public policy that provides food or residence to the poor was unreasonable at the time，I will not get the support of the voters。At the same time，Capitalists often blame unfortunately on personal weaknesses and their own defects，Rejected the poor with suspicion and contempt attitude、Alcohol、Do not like to wait for cleanliness，Calculating food shortage is their self -eating consequences，It has nothing to do with the economic system。Although some charity organizations have opened food relief stations，But its scale is smaller，Unable to eliminate poverty and hunger at the social level。

Ao Danda thinks，Economic and financially continued to deteriorate in the gold -plated era of the workers and peasants to the extent that it is bet365 Play online games difficult to pay for grain expenses，Finally caused a number of social protest movements。1877，The first national strike broke out in the United States，Hundreds of thousands of unemployed railway workers formed a "hunger army"，For the government and the company for salary and other labor rights。Affected by economic depression，1894，Businessman Jacob Coxey (Jacob Coxey) led 500 unemployed workers to protest the parade。They walked from Ohio to Washington, DC along the way，​​Koksey asked in front of Congress: "We are conducting a painful and cruel war with the enemy of all humanity -a fight against hunger、Miserable and desperate war，We ask Congress to pay attention to our petition。”

Ao Donna Summary，Social science survey in the 21st century allows the United States to more comprehensively master the characteristics and scope of domestic food shortage population，But I am favoring the rich、Economic systems of exploiting working agents and bet365 live casino games elite thoughts that are afraid of the poor，It still hinders the federal government's grain supply and deployment、Structural social reforms such as income adjustment and distribution。

　　New features of contemporary American food security issues 

Since 1995，The Agricultural Department of the United States conducts the annual assessment of grain safety of 40,000 typical American families every year。The US Department of Agriculture defines "food shortage" as in the past year，Family gets sufficient nutrition、Safe foods are limited or uncertain，or the family's ability to obtain safe food in a social acceptable manner is limited or uncertain。Although the diet and types of the family in the shortage of food will be reduced，but not necessarily reduced intake。Comparison of comparison，The total diet of the family is significantly reduced by the family's total dietary intake。Families of "Grain Guarantee" at any time，Can get enough food for family members to live a healthy life。

According to a report released by the Economic Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture，2020，The number of households in the United States increased by 1 million from 2019。2021，This number decreases bet365 live casino games slightly，But Family Family still accounts for 10.2%of the total number of families in the United States。At the same time，5.1 million families (3.8%) live in a state where food safety is extremely low，It is impossible to pay for a healthy dietary overhead with an average cost of $ 3.09。Out of poverty，56%of the grain without guarantee families participated in one or more federal food and nutritional assistance items。

From the perspective of population characteristics，The unemployment rate and poverty rate in rural areas in southern United States，Let the unaware of the food of the local family live 10%in the country。Due to income gap，African -American and Latin -American families in the United States are more likely to fall into a stateless state of grain。Live in Alaska、Hawaii and Indian resident families in the reserved place extremely dependent on grain imports，The possibility of causing it to fall into a state of unavailable food is extremely high。other，The grain security problem of the family of a single mother is almost double the number of single male households' families。

　　Folk Food Assistance Network deeply penetrates into the US community 

American Action Forum, former director of the American Action Forum, Tara O'Neill Hayes, Tara O'Neill Hayes, has summarized several major factors that lead to shortage of food in the United States: low income: low income、High unemployment rate、Insufficient supply of fresh food community、Better buying a long distance、No convenient travel tool、No housing or housing overhead burden is large。Current，The U.S. government issues food welfare electronic cards for people with a total monthly income of the family than $ 1920，Used to buy food。American folk charity also via Food Bank、Food Pantry and Soup Kitchen，To be more open、A more convenient way to allocate excess foods to more necessary groups。These charity institutions generally belong to religious organizations、School and Volunteer Association，Maintain operations by donations and volunteers。In recent years，American companies donated more than billions of dollars of food and funds worth billions of dollars to private food aid agencies。

Andy Fisher, one of the Bet365 lotto review founders of the American Community Food Security Alliance, once wrote an article，Food Bank is the largest scale among the US folk food aid agencies、The widest range of relief scope。It acts as a food warehouse，Provides transportation business，Build a bridge between the institutions with excess food and a community of food deficiency。Food Bank according to the food processing industry of the local area、The characteristics of the catering industry and agriculture，Get food from various sources with tax -free rewards，Including foods acquired by the government for revitalizing agricultural economy、Foods that cannot be sold in the supermarket、Excess and defective products produced by food processors、Cooked food and canned food in the catering industry。The early 1980s，During the decline in the US economy，The government cuts the food aid project，Folk Emergency Food Aid Network quickly spreads quickly。Before the epidemic，There are more than 200 food banks in the United States and about 60,000 food storage rooms and mobile kitchen。

　Expanding food donations cannot solve food problems 

Janet Poppendieck, Professor of Sociology, Hunter College, New York University of New York，The post -epidemic era，The effectiveness of the folk food assistance agency is inseparable from capital investment。In the American small food assistance agency，Most people are older volunteers，But the epidemic has caused many elderly people to be forced to give up volunteer work。Due to budget tension，Many food storage rooms cannot expand employees，40%of the food storage room in New York City was forced to close。At the same time，Food Bank needs more companies to donate to buy trucks、Storage space and cooling equipment can ensure transportation。

Paipipipipik believes，Civil food aid agencies to replace people's "grain rights" practices by giving up "grain gifts"，Can't eliminate the long -term food safety crisis in the United States in essence。Director of the Food Labor Research Center of the University of California Berkeley、Professor Saru Jayaraman, a professor of public policy, said，The operating theory of private food aid agencies is constructed in the bet365 live casino games elite thoughts that are afraid of the poor，That is, there is always a lower society that cannot be self -sufficient，You need to rely on the generous house of the upper class to survive。In this thinking mode，The best way to solve the problem of hunger is unlimited expansion of food donations and alms flow。But in fact，Most of the current aid for receiving assistance is workers engaged in low salary or part -time jobs。Ao Dona told reporters，Since 1980，The actual income that American workers and middle class have adjusted after inflation have not increased。and，The protection of labor rights and interests under the zero worker economy is not comprehensive，Workers that lead to poverty can only rely on food assistance to maintain their livelihood。At the same time，American companies that pursue economic liberalism donated funds to charity，On the while lobbying in Congress, keep the minimum wage at the same level。Grain charity brings public reputation to the enterprise，It also transferred the public to lose protection for the company's abandonment of social responsibilities、Atfo and accountability of the shortage of food。From the view of Jayaraman，Civil food aid agencies are linked with the growth mechanism of capitalism，It seems to be alleviating the problem of food shortage in the community，But it is actually encouraging the future food security crisis。

Paipipipipik believes，Food allocation of food needs to cooperate with long -term social structural reforms，can we completely solve the US food crisis。In terms of improving food production and supply，Paipipipipik believes，At present, the highly concentrated food processing industry in the United States needs to be decentralized，Reduced the phenomenon of excess production to win market competition and cause food waste。other，Local governments can represent hospitals、Prison、School Systems Public Food Procurement，Promote the construction of a regional food economy system，Bringing labor income increase、Farm sustainable production、A variety of benefits such as the healthy development of the community and ecological balance。Some food banks have already used the acquisition of local agricultural products Bet365 lotto review to reduce dependence on food donations，At the same time, the farm is encouraged to join the local grain economy internal circulation。In terms of improving food demand，Civil food aid agencies need to be with labor rights、Food processing、Social organizations in the fields of public health form closer cooperation，Integrate more resources，Disposal at the minimum wage、Perfect the legal rights of temporary labor and labor、Improve labor housing and travel status activities。Only the factors that cause the shortage of food in the United States from the social structure，can truly reduce the number of people dependent on food rescue，Realize the development of long -term food security and social stability at the national level。