Cooperation helps scientific bet365 Play online games produce valuable results、Providing important ways to deal with economic and social challenges。Recently，Pablo D’Este, researcher at the Spanish Council for Advanced Scientific bet365 Play online games、Frank van der Wouden, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong、Omar Al-Tabbaa, associate professor at the University of Leeds Business School in the UK, and other scholars published articles in the journal "bet365 Play online games Policy" under the Dutch Elsevier Publishing Group，From interdisciplinary collaboration、Cross-regional cooperation、Explained the new findings of respective teams on scientific bet365 Play online games cooperation from three perspectives of industry-university cooperation。Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars on the above topics。

　　The results of interdisciplinary bet365 Play online games have greater social visibility

Today’s society，Many problems faced by mankind cannot be solved by a single discipline，The need for effective interdisciplinary bet365 Play online games，Promote new scientific discoveries and solve social problems。However，Although the impact of interdisciplinarity on scientific bet365 Play online games itself has been fully demonstrated，However, there is still insufficient evidence on the impact on the social level。To explore the relationship between the interdisciplinarity of bet365 Play online games and its social visibility，D’Este et al. are sponsored by different scientific bet365 Play online games institutions、Quantitative analysis of a data set consisting of 9541 researchers in different scientific fields，Via altmetric indicators – News media、Policy Document、References to bet365 Play online games results on social media, etc.，To measure the degree to which bet365 Play online games results attract the attention of non-academic audiences。bet365 Play online games findings，After controlling for other predictors，Interdisciplinary bet365 Play online games results are more likely to become bet365 Play online games results with high social visibility，The two have a significant correlation。The interplay of diversity and difference shapes the relationship between interdisciplinarity and social visibility，Especially when spanning multiple scientific fields and when the differences between fields are large，This positive effect has been further strengthened。The advantages of interdisciplinarity come to the fore with diversity in bet365 Play online games activities、The integration of different knowledge with weak correlation becomes more prominent。

Compared with bet365 Play online games based on a single discipline，When it is necessary to adjust the problem structure，Interdisciplinary bet365 Play online games enables bet365 Play online games activities to encompass a wider range of perspectives、Goals and priorities，Enhancing researchers’ ability to critically evaluate different situations，And help researchers to conduct a more systematic reflection on the composition and reasons of rational bet365 Play online games goals。While solving a problem，Interdisciplinary bet365 Play online games mobilizes knowledge systems from different scientific fields，Expanded the scope of alternative courses of action，And provide a better understanding of the implications of the plan，Conducive to improving the efficiency of scientific researchers，Finding more effective ways to address complex social challenges、Solving practical problems。In practice，If it can be more extensive、bet365 Play online games in more heterogeneous fields，The opportunity space for seeking new problem structures and alternative solutions will also be expanded。Uniting many different scientific fields，Can make scientific bet365 Play online games more relevant and interesting to society。

In recent decades，There is an increasingly strong voice in Western countries calling on scientific researchers to prove that their bet365 Play online games has both academic impact and social impact。D’Este et al. said，Their bet365 Play online games has certain reference value in policy。First，Quantitative indicators for measuring social visibility can complement evaluation systems focused on qualitative methods，To track mentions of specific bet365 Play online games results in non-academic contexts，Can better assess the social impact of bet365 Play online games。Secondly，This study advocates that while examining the impact of interdisciplinary bet365 Play online games，Both levels of individual researchers and bet365 Play online games teams should be considered。A bet365 Play online games environment where researchers from different professional backgrounds continue to collaborate，It can make it easier for all relevant parties to benefit from knowledge reorganization，Thus reconstructing the problem and providing solutions to complex problems。In this sense，While launching initiatives to encourage researchers to participate in interdisciplinary bet365 Play online games，It is also necessary to simultaneously strengthen the structural construction that enables interdisciplinary cooperation to continue。

However，It cannot be simply assumed that interdisciplinary collaboration is always necessary or superior。Interdisciplinary cooperation in progress，Researchers receive education and training from different disciplines，Lack of common knowledge reserves，Differences in understanding of standards and priorities，Creates potential barriers to collaboration。D’Este et al. suggested that members of the bet365 Play online games team normalize collaboration，Build relationships characterized by trust and friendship，Promote the exchange of tangible and intangible resources。Regular cooperation may lead to a better balance of interests and priorities among members，And reduce barriers to understanding，Resolving coordination conflicts，Thus achieving the effective integration of multiple scientific fields in bet365 Play online games activities。

　　Cross-regional cooperation shows bet365 Play online games spillover effects

​​Social development is partly due to people’s learning ability。In the opinion of Wooden et al.，On the one hand，Communication and transportation technology have undoubtedly made “the world smaller”；On the other hand，The "death of distance" is often overly optimistic，Even in the 21st century，Distance can also create obstacles。In Academic bet365 Play online games、Knowledge development and other fields，The positive effect of knowledge spillovers is still closely related to geographical distance。With data from Microsoft Academic Graph，Scholars systematically tracked the changes in the personal knowledge portfolio structure of 1.7 million scientific researchers from 1975 to 2015 under the influence of knowledge spillover effects。By geocoding the first affiliation mentioned by a researcher in an academic publication，To determine the “positioning” of scientific researchers，Divide the cooperative relationships into local cooperation according to geographical distance、Local cooperation、Intracontinental cooperation、Intercontinental cooperation and other different types。Examination of knowledge spillover effects，It is measured by the changes in the personal knowledge portfolio of scientific researchers before and after cooperation rather than the citations，If a publication authored by a researcher contains a bet365 Play online games field that appears in a co-authored publication，However, its earlier academic publications did not cover this field，is regarded as the manifestation of knowledge spillover effect。For example，The sample includes 2012 Nobel Prize winner in economics Alvin Ross (Alvin E. Roth)’s bet365 Play online games results，His early bet365 Play online games involved experimental economics、Game theory and other fields，And in 1990 with management scholar John Vander Watt (John H. Vande Vate) mentioned "market failure" in a paper published together。Wooden and others believe，If Ross’s subsequent independently published bet365 Play online games results also include this topic，It means that he has mastered the knowledge and skills of studying "market failure" through collaborative bet365 Play online games。actually，Ross’s subsequent paper “The New Physician: A Natural Experiment in Market Organization” published in Science magazine dealt with “market failure”。

The results of this empirical study show，There is a negative correlation between geographical distance and cooperative learning，Researchers who engage in local collaboration have a higher likelihood of learning from knowledge spillovers，Learning benefits from local collaboration increase over time。Wooden told reporters，Similar geographical distance allows researchers to better learn from collaboration，This shows that local cooperation has its special features。In his opinion，More opportunities for face-to-face contact，Let people get together to discuss bet365 Play online games progress or problems。Previous bet365 Play online games findings，Compared to alternative digital methods，Face-to-face communication is more likely to allow people to establish a relationship of full mutual trust，And this is the in-depth sharing of knowledge、What is needed to seriously solve the problems encountered by others。Wooden said，What is particularly noteworthy about this study is，The relationship between cooperative learning and geographical distance is very significant，No matter which discipline the researchers come from、At the beginning or end of your career，Everyone will be affected by it。What’s striking，Researchers from lower-ranked institutions are more likely to be negatively affected by distance。

During the interview，When talking about the implications of this bet365 Play online games for dealing with the opportunities and challenges in today’s world，Wooden said，Challenges like the pandemic that hinder close communication keep people at home or restricted in their geographical mobility，Their bet365 Play online games shows，This will cause potential disadvantages in the production and development of knowledge。In this sense，Relaxation of travel can increase the time researchers can spend face-to-face communication，Increase trust between people，And is expected to promote knowledge sharing。

　　Industry-university bet365 Play online games helps address global challenges

Tabaa told reporters，Industry-university cooperation is a topic of long-term concern in academia and industry，Partnerships between universities and industry are seen as leveraging the strengths of both parties to help solve various problems，And move knowledge forward。In the context of increasing contact between academia and industry，To further explore the motivations behind this phenomenon、Decision-making methods and the relationship between the two，Tabaa et al. conducted in-depth interviews with 68 scholars who participated in two typical industry-university cooperation activities: knowledge transfer and knowledge co-creation，Completed the inductive bet365 Play online games under qualitative method。

The bet365 Play online games team believes，The value of this study is that it takes into account both the resource and participation perspectives，To provide a more accurate explanation of the interaction between motivation and decision-making methods。Existing literature in the field of entrepreneurship has proposed resource-based arguments，That is, when resources are limited，Entrepreneurs will tend to exhibit a predominance of thrust motivation (motivation motivated by the need to escape negative situations) and effectuation approaches (focused on utilizing existing resources at hand)；Accordingly，When resources are abundant，Pull motivation (motivation triggered by attraction) and causal decision-making approach (focused on achieving desired goals) will dominate。Although the above argument provides a good theoretical basis，But it is not enough to accurately predict or explain the behavior of scholars。Use narrative analysis method，Discovered by Tabaa and others，The motivations and decision-making methods of scholars do not necessarily conform to this rule，Will show different tendencies in different scenarios。This is because different types of industry-university cooperation involve different goals、Practice and results，Differences in participation levels will affect the interaction between scholars’ motivations and decision-making methods for engaging in industry-university cooperation。

Tabaa said in the interview，Public health crisis、Global challenges such as the economic crisis and the climate change crisis have highlighted the importance of industry-university collaboration in addressing these complex and interrelated issues。The process of fighting the epidemic has fully demonstrated the effectiveness of universities in responding to global public health crises。Colleges not only provide the necessary knowledge、bet365 Play online games support and innovative results，And it is working with the industry on vaccine bet365 Play online games and development、Close cooperation also plays a key role in designing treatment plans。In the process of coping with the economic crisis，Industry-university cooperation helps promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurship，This is because universities have the professional knowledge needed to support innovation and entrepreneurship、Resources and Facilities，The industry can provide new products、Financial support and market information needed to bring new services to market。At the same time，Industry-university cooperation is also conducive to creating new job opportunities and promoting economic growth。Tackling the climate change crisis requires integrated application of science、Technology、Multidisciplinary approach from various perspectives including economic and social。On the one hand，Relevant departments in universities have expertise in climate science，And the ability to conduct bet365 Play online games that explores the causes and consequences of climate change；On the other hand，The industry has the resources and capabilities to implement technical solutions、Implement policies and measures，To mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change。