■ Philip Brett     Interviewee \ Photo

■ Ulrich Schtl    Interviewee \ Photo

February 21，The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducts the third collective study on strengthening basic research。The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Xi Jinping emphasized when chairing the study，Strengthen basic research，It is an urgent requirement to achieve high -level technology self -reliance，It is the only way to build a world science and technology power。General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech on effectively strengthening basic research，It caused a warm response in the philosophy and social sciences，In various disciplines、All fields、academic conferences of each unit、Academic Forum and Academic Discussion，Basic studies have become hot words and keywords。

Current，The rapid development of science and technology has become an important symbol of the country's prosperity and promotion of social welfare。Cracking the problems of common development of all mankind，Not only need to promote global technology innovation collaboration，It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen basic scientific research。In the field of natural science，Basic research is a process of exploring natural phenomena and natural laws，Its goal is to reveal the nature and truth of nature。In recent years，Scholars found that basic research is still the necessary condition for breaking Bet365 app download breakthrough scientific discovery。other，The government's long -term funding for basic research can promote national economic growth。The importance of the common development of basic research in all human beings，Especially the key role in promoting technological innovation and social and economic development，The reporter interviewed relevant foreign scholars。

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The editor -in -chief of the science journal, Holden Thorp, and Michael B. Yaffe, director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology precise cancer medical center, said，Governments of various countries are increasingly concerned about the contribution of basic research to scientific and technological innovation，Continuously strengthen funding for basic research。The International Monetary Fund Economist Philip Barrett and others discussed the difference between the reference between the basic research papers and the patent papers in the article "Why Basic Science and Economic Growth"。Researchers discovered，The number of references of basic research papers reaches the peak in about 8 years，and patent papers reached the peak in 3 years。This can be seen，Basic scientific research is wider than the spread of application science research，Affective areas and countries more，Maintaining correlation time is longer，Therefore, there is a long -term advantage that promotes scientific research and innovation。

In addition，Sop and others also found，Advanced technologies such as the introduction of machine learning in the laboratory instead exposed the problems of scientific researchers in lack of basic scientific knowledge。Many studies show，Machine learning Bet365 app download technology is more efficient in some aspects，But the shortcomings of digital technology are also obvious to all，For example, the algorithm cannot give a simple and easy -to -understand explanation for its judgment results or classification behaviors。other，Past data used for training algorithms generally has limitations and cultural prejudice。Sop and others said，In the medical field，Researchers who lack basic research skills Once they fail to discover the misjudgment or classification vulnerability of the algorithm in time，The risk of medical accidents will increase。Future -oriented scientific development is still inseparable from human insight and creative thinking。Therefore，Scholars engaged in life science research still need to learn a lot of knowledge from basic research。

　　Basic research promotes the long -term growth of productivity

If productivity is an important factor in achieving long -term economic growth，So basic research plays a decisive role in promoting the long -term improvement of productivity。Brett and others said，The new crown epidemic not only affects the fiscal revenue of various countries，Delay climate action，It may even make the results of economic development backward for several years。Current，Countries urgently need to promote economic recovery，Increase tax income，in order to provide funds for major public projects。Barrett said，"Whether to expand basic research depends on the political will of a country，instead of not just the macroeconomic environment "。

Harvard University's post -doctoral researcher Ulrich Scottter mentioned in an interview，Basic World Research Investment Income is often difficult to measure，This is because bet365 best casino games the investment results of basic research are reflected in the innovative product or production process，It takes a lot of time。Therefore，Public expenditure of basic research is always facing pressure，Especially in the post -epidemic era，Governments of various countries need to cope with increasing public debt and budget restrictions。Considering the social return of the basic research of government investment usually exceeds its cost，Schtl thinks，The most important thing now is to continue the basic research investment trend before the epidemic。

Basic investment research is of great significance to local economic development。Schter Talk，"Research institutions not only provide local scientists，I also created the opportunity to join the Science and Technology Cooperation Network。Final，Basic research investment enhances the competitiveness of the local economy，Make them an indispensable part of the national innovation system "。Basic research and development and domestic economic activities are not a one -way relationship，The scientific knowledge produced by basic research requires economic competitiveness to transform into economic benefits，Basic research mainly affects economic development by promoting the development and innovation of the private sector。The previous study indicates，The degree of industrialization of a country in international trade will affect its innovative potential in different industries。This means that under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged，The more developed the domestic economy、The more diversified，The higher its innovation potential，The domestic bet365 live casino games income brought by the Basic Research Institute of Government Investment, the greater the。Schter said，Considering the local economy of developing countries absorbs new ideas from basic research，and the ability to convert it into innovative products or production processes is weak，The government focuses on improving economic competitiveness. It is particularly important。

Barrett said，Basic research with scientific discovery is often laid a solid foundation for patent authorization，The latter is an indicator of measurement of technological innovation。Barrett et al.，Patent application volume increases by 1%，The per capita productivity of the workers will increase by 0.04%; when the basic research of a country's basic research increases by 10%，The country's productivity will increase by 0.3%。It is worth noting that，The actual impact of strengthening basic research on emerging markets and developing economies will far exceed the above average。

　　Fair sharing the well -being created by basic research

Barrett talks，Basic studies have a positive impact on society through various channels。First，Advanced production technology born from basic scientific knowledge has improved people's living standards。Next，Basic research results promoted the diversification of products，expanded the selection of the market，Added social welfare。That is to say，Technical progress promoted by basic research makes people richer，adds the types and quantities of products for mass consumption，Including medical innovation, products with high social value。Considering basic research often involves transnational cooperation，The above two changing bet365 live casino games mechanisms have also created a certain well -being at the international level。

but but，Milan University Economy、Management and quantitative method professor Massimo Florio (Massimo Florio) proposed from the perspective of welfare economics，People do not enjoy the socio -economic benefits brought by basic research。If in the production and development of cancer drugs，The government's basic research funding in related fields is quite high，even accounts for 45%-55%of the R & D cost of pharmaceutical companies; at the same time，The price of such drugs is extremely high，The pharmaceutical industry has obtained ultra -high profits。So far，Citizen first funded the Taxpayer to spend a long time、Basic research with high risk，Then I paid the drug price directly or indirectly as a patient，Finally, it also contributed personal data as a large -scale clinical trial participant in private companies。Floorio pointed out，Due to capital income tax generally lower than labor income tax，Investors from large private companies will obtain economic interests after capitalization of basic science and technology，Accumulated huge wealth。For this，Floorio said，Decision makers need to pay attention，While achieving high -quality economic development, promoting social justice。

Schter said，"It is not easy to ensure that basic research investment is transformed into positive social impacts。Even if it is successful，Technical innovation born in basic research may not be able to benefit the entire society "。In the world of economic globalization，The income of the supplier of scientific and technological innovation is often more concentrated than the bet365 live casino games income of consumers。Schtl thinks，Therefore，People should pay more attention to how technology transfer and innovative policies enhance the competitiveness of the local economy、Create more employment opportunities。