In recent years，The word "toughness" appears to appear in scientific research and social life is getting higher and higher。For example，Architecture、The toughness of the engineering structure of infrastructure and other engineering structure means that the system can resist and absorb impacts to a certain extent and return to the equilibrium quickly。Ecological toughness refers to the ability to maintain normal functions after the ecosystem is disturbed (caused by natural disasters and human activities)。Psychological toughness is a process and result that successfully adapts to difficulty or challenging life experience，Involved psychology、Emotional、The flexibility of behavior and adjustment of external and internal needs。Community toughness refers to a community using its available resources to resist、Ability to withstand unfavorable situations and recover。Organizational toughness refers to an organizational expected、Defense、Capability of response and adapting to gradual change or sudden interference and continuing development。

Enter the 21st century，Human bearing climate change、Worsening ecological Bet365 app download environment、Economic turbulence、Geopolical conflicts and other pressures。At the same time，Digital technology develops rapidly，It contains huge opportunities，It also brought new challenges。In this context，Cultivation and strengthening toughness is considered a necessary means to cope with impact。but but，People should first interpret "toughness"。Germany Alexander Von Humboldt Institute of Internet and Social Research Institute of Knowledge and Social Project, BENEDIKT Fecher、German Ludwig-Maximilian-Professor Ali Aslan ) and others recently published an article on the website of the London School of Political Economics, UK，Only toughness and no accountability，It will hinder the change required for social challenges。

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Feicen and others talk about，The popularity of the concept of "toughness" reflects that this is an era full of uncertainty and crisis。Toughness is often used as a solution to social challenges, especially climate crisis，Only with toughness，Human beings can survive the crisis and recover from it。But，There is a misunderstanding of common understanding of social system toughness，It will make it impossible to play a role as a change of paradigm。

First，Understanding the toughness as a reaction to external impact is easy to cause people to ignore the potential cause of social challenges。In bet365 best casino games this kind of perspective，Any destructive event seems to be a product of natural forces。For example，This implies that human beings are not responsible for climate crisis，It is just a problem that humans must deal with。This limitations may be related to "toughness" from physics: in physics，Toughness refers to absorbing energy when the material is absorbed during elastic deformation、The ability to release energy and restore the original form after the external force is removed。but，In the social system，Human beings have a common responsibility for impact on the need to cope with。

Next，The toughness of the above narrow sense means returning to the original、It may be non -consensus state and order。But，The key to improvement is to be backward and forward -stability and change at the same time。Just return to the benchmark line or "adaptation"，It may not always deal with the feasible strategy of dealing with the crisis。Especially for climate crisis，Progressive adaptation is not enough。In the Graduation Adaptation Thought，Facing sea level rising，People only need to build a higher dam。In fact，What people need to do is to slow down global warming that causes the sea level to rise。This requirement must be reforming all aspects。

　　The impact of digitalization on accountability has double -sided

Current，Digital technology is becoming increasingly bet365 best casino games strong，Not only affects how people allocate and supervise responsibility，It also affects how people understand the crisis and cooperate with the crisis。On the one hand，Digitalization helps to establish an accountability system，Effective coordination of multiple subjects。On the other hand，Digitalization may also blur the responsibility、Complex action。

The accountability system is generally regarded as a responsible action -a prerequisite for allocation and responsibility。Digitalization significantly enhances the ability of the public to account for accountability to politics and business decision makers。This role is reflected in some protests of collusion between politicians and business and social injustice、Call for a public activity of slowing climate change and adapting to action。The Internet has improved the speed and breadth of information dissemination，Created a sense of urgency to solve problems。Digital infrastructure also makes the production and spread of knowledge more convenient，Created favorable conditions for evidence -based accountability。For example，Climate scientists and actionists call on relevant data and market information to collect transparency，and open to the public through the online database and user interface。

Digital tools and platforms make real -time communication worldwide、Understanding bet365 live casino games situation becomes possible，There is the potential to enhance the toughness based on global collective action。But at the same time，Doubt theory of climate change、extremism、Supporters of conspiracy theories may also use the Internet to avoid and question supervision、Organizational malicious activity。Sometimes，Even if the data is public，May also only serve a few experts or institutions that master the abundant resources，Because they have the powerful computing power and special knowledge required for analyzing data。tolerance，Large -scale research and development and application of digital technology will also produce carbon emissions，Exhaust global warming。Therefore，In the context of digitalization，Toughness should not increase existing problems or cause new problems。This requires people to design and promote cooperation、tolerance、Sustainable tools and platforms，accountability as a goal for public consultation。

　Combining toughness with accountability

Fei Che and others said，Only relying on the toughness is not enough to successfully test the test of the crisis; combining toughness and accountability is important，Because this emphasizes the relationship between subjective initiative and objective laws。

In the face of challenges such as climate crisis，Human beings must actively take transformation action，Incorporate the recovery Bet365 lotto review (backward) and forward (forward) both into the concept of toughness。When the toughness involves conscious changes and accountability，It can become an important change framework。In multiple crises，If you want to effectively carry out targeted changes，It is important to use digitalization and use a humanized manner。Science plays a key role in this process，Because science provides human perpetual knowledge to become possible。Even more for social sciences，Social science research information flow and power relationship，You can provide valuable insights on the operation of social organizations。

Considering the lack of knowledge about crisis in society and the action of seriously treating these knowledge，Fei Che and others think，Scientists should actively participate in the response to global challenges、In the efforts of building a better future，Including thinking and deciding what values ​​you agree with and put it into practice publicly。This self -introspection and purpose -purpose actions are also a form of toughness，Because it requires individuals to face difficult problems，Take deep consideration measures to promote active changes。