Digital platform refers to relying on network infrastructure such as the Internet and mobile terminals，and use the algorithm、Artificial Intelligence、Big Data and other digital technologies for emerging enterprises for content production and market transactions。From the perspective of the number of digital platform companies and the market size，At present, the economic volume of Chinese platform companies is second only to the United States，Living in the second world。Internet platform enterprises bring convenience to society，There are also disadvantages to form monopoly。Digital platform enterprises have network effects、scale economy、Zero -side costs and other advantages，Usually operating activities in the field of business。Super digital platform companies operating in multiple fields can easily become giant companies in the monopoly market，Phenomenon of vicious competition and infringement of user rights。The development of platform enterprises puts forward new requirements for digital platform governance。

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Global，All walks of life are gradually achieving digital transformation，The rise of digital platform companies is a global phenomenon in the era of digital economy。Whether it is Microsoft abroad、Apple、Amazon，Still my country’s Tencent、Ali、Meituan, etc.，All are expanding the business scope quickly。With big data、Algorithm、Adding new technical elements such as artificial intelligence，The service of large digital platforms radiates all aspects of social life。Accompanied by the expansion of the digital platform business is，The public attributes of the digital platform are gradually revealing。Wang Lei thinks，Public facilities should have two core features: first，The industry has a high entry threshold，bet365 Play online games The operator lacks competitors; second，The operating business of facilities is necessary for the public，User's economic behavior and social interaction seriously depend on the business。From these two standards，Large digital platforms already have the basic characteristics of public facilities。First，Digital platform operations have obvious network effects，Big Data Mode's collection and analysis of data requires strong technical support，This has formed a very high entry threshold for the digital market。Next，Compared to the operator's control of users，Users have obvious vulnerability and dependence。

In the platform operation，You can obviously see what Lawrence Lessig is called the law of the data rules to dominate the development of the entire society。Take electronic payment as an example，Because it is relieved of cash payment，I went to the account and went to find it to find the problem，WeChat、Alipay and other convenient and fast electronic payment forms have become an indispensable payment method in people's daily life。Digital platform companies have also assumed some public service functions，For example，Water、electric、Basic public services such as Qi can also easily access through digital platforms。Large -scale digital platforms control the number of social life digits，You can easily regulate the social behavior of users。Visible，Digital platforms can be regarded as public facilities。

Digital platforms as public facilities have dual attributes，Digital platform is a private enterprise，At the same time, due to business service scope and business nature, it is socially public。Platform enterprise can fully recognize the public attributes of the platform，Not only achieve economic value through the digital platform，and can promote social value，Then platform companies can self -standardize through industry autonomy。But，Digital platform as a private enterprise still follows capital logic pursuit of profit，The ultimate goal of operation is still the maximization bet365 best casino games of corporate interests。While data becomes profitable conditions，Digital platform enterprises tend to use data to obtain economic profits。From this，Digital platform -type enterprises have a huge tension between the operation and social responsibility of a digital platform -based enterprise，The publicity of the digital platform and the profitability of the enterprise form a tension relationship。Alex Pentland believes，Personal data in the Internet era is stored in a private enterprise database，Ordinary users cannot use the database freely，This seriously hinders the right to know the people。Location information collected by private institutions、Transaction records、Data such as communication content，To a certain extent, it constitutes the disguise of public products and services to deprive。

　Digital platform antitrust

2021 is the beginning of the anti -monopoly of my country's digital platform。Before that，European and American countries have mostly launched antitrust governance measures for platform companies。December 2020，The EU Commission has released the Digital Market Law and Digital Service Law.。October 2020，The Judiciary Committee of the American House of Representatives released the "Report on the Digital Market Competition Status Surverance"，The report focuses on Google、Facebook、Apple、Amazon and other platform companies in search engines、E -commerce、Monopoly behavior in various fields such as social networks。In order to respond to the industry and academic circles, the call for antitrust of digital platforms，December 2020，The Chinese government clearly put forward the requirements for strengthening antitrust。February 2021，The Anti -Monopoly Committee of the State Council released the "Anti -Monopoly Guide of the State Council Anti -Monopoly Committee on the Platform Economic Field。2021，Many national departments have released a series of data protection、Anti -monopoly、Anti -improper competition and the guarantee Bet365 lotto review of the protection of workers' rights and interests。，my country's Internet management department has carried out special Internet special rectification operations，Key rectification platform operators excessively concentrate with problems with the digital platform "two selections"。

In digital platform antitrust governance，The most strong response is the punishment made by the State Administration of Market Supervision on Alibaba。"Two Selection One" behavior of Alibaba platform，harmed the interests of merchants and consumers，Competition between platforms is suppressed，seriously departs from the economic concept of the open sharing of platform enterprises。Pointing out the penalty decision on Alibaba，Tmall、Jingdong、There are obvious unbalanced scale between competitive platforms such as Pinduoduo。Alibaba's mandatory "two -choice one" approach makes it difficult to maintain market position in an unfavorable e -commerce platform，It may even be forced to withdraw from the market。Wang Xiaoyi thinks，Competitors withdraw from the market are not because of the product and service itself，but because the platform forced the implementation of the "two choices" reduced the number of users，This will cause a distorted competition。Digital platform Enterprises use "two selections" and other compulsory measures，malicious exclusion of competitors，or prevent new companies from entering the market，In the long run, it will also damage the fair competition of the platform market。

When platform companies are continuously developing and expanding into digital platforms with public attributes，You need to bear the open platform、Public obligations such as data interoperability。Open to the outside world for large digital platforms，It is not possible to use free public use for the whole society like a public institution。If the platform governance is enforced in a legal form, the platform enterprise is open to all competitors，will lead to "take a car effect"，Seriously injury bet365 best casino games to the innovation enthusiasm of the platform enterprise。The key to antitrust governance of digital platform is to find a balanced governance method，Both protect the innovative nature of platform companies，It can also prevent the monopoly behavior of digital platforms from hindering fair competition。

　　Cooperative governance framework

Platform enterprise benefits from scale effect，Expressing extremely high innovation，greatly promoted the improvement of productivity and the growth of digital economy。

Digital platform companies have higher productivity，Because the scale of the platform has brought high output at low cost。Another，The long tail effect of the digital platform is also very significant，Once the digital platform stands firmly，The marginal cost of the expansion of service scale will be close to zero。With the expansion of the business scale，The scope of the service also expands it，So，The scale of the size of the digital platform has an inclusive value connotation。The operation of digital platform enterprises is different from traditional industries，All business types are basically based on innovation，The innovative products of platform companies have continuously incubated new social functions and corresponding services。The antitrust governance of the digital platform is not to kill the innovation enthusiasm and creative motivation of the platform enterprise。Reasonable regulation needs to establish a new cooperation governance mechanism，The coordinated development of the digital platform escort。

From the status quo of the platform's antitrust governance，Currently lack of coordination between various departments，No effective policy coordination mechanism has not been established。The regulatory authorities of our platform enterprise have both the People's Bank of China、Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other industry supervision departments，There are also regulatory departments such as the State Administration of Market Supervision。In order to better monitor bet365 Play online games the market behavior of the platform enterprise，It should be considered to establish a comprehensive platform enterprise supervision agency，To improve the use of data use、The matching of policies such as the protection of user equity and antitrust。Advocacy Coalition Framework Theory is believed，Balanced governance requires the government to create rationality、Open、Normal dialogue system，To promote policy compromise and policy learning; neither suppress the innovative nature of platform enterprises，No indulgence platform expansion infinitely，Obstruct public interests; except for the regulations of laws and regulations and government administrative supervision，It also needs to build a cooperative governance framework that absorbs social regulation forces。

Social regulatory forces mainly come from social supervision and industry self -discipline。VIKTOR ) and others proposed the concept of "algorithm"，and hope to adhere to its proficient grasp of the algorithm and the impartial social guidelines，Provide social support for the supervision of digital platform enterprises。Algorithm is not a technical individual，but a professional and technical institution based on big data，Responsible for monitoring the transparency of data operation。Victor divides the algorithm into an external algorithm and internal algorithm。External algorithm is equivalent to data auditors，Provide services such as providing big data audit and application security monitoring。Government and algorithm can conduct technical consultations on the use of big data in the public field，Then the social supervision forces are introduced into platform governance。Different social public welfare with external algorithms，The internal algorithm has obvious industry self -discipline attributes。They are responsible for supervising the big data activity of the digital platform within the platform enterprise，Before the intervention of administrative and legal regulations，Bet365 lotto review Internal review of the compliance of data operation。Introduce social regulation forces into a cooperative framework for platform governance，helps to form a platform corporate social responsibility cognition，In the long run, the social embedding that can promote digital platforms，Balance of economic benefits and social value。

(Author Unit: Institute of Journalism and Communication of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)