bet365 bonus code indiana platform refers to relying on network infrastructure such as the Internet and mobile terminals，And utilize algorithms、Artificial Intelligence、Emerging enterprise forms using bet365 bonus code indiana technologies such as big data for content production and market transactions。Judging from the number of bet365 bonus code indiana platform companies and market size，Currently, the economic size of my country’s platform companies is second only to that of the United States，Ranking second in the world。While Internet platform companies bring convenience to society，There are also disadvantages of forming a monopoly。bet365 bonus code indiana platform companies have network effects、Economies of scale、Zero marginal cost and other advantages，Usually conduct business activities across business areas。Super bet365 bonus code indiana platform companies operating in multiple fields can easily become giant companies that monopolize the market，Vicious competition and infringement of user rights and other phenomena have occurred。The development of platform enterprises has put forward new requirements for bet365 bonus code indiana platform governance。

　The duality of bet365 bonus code indiana

Globally，All walks of life are gradually realizing digital transformation，The rise of digital platform companies is a global phenomenon in the digital economy era。Whether it is Microsoft overseas、Apple、Amazon，It’s still my country’s Tencent、Ali、Meituan, etc.，Both are rapidly expanding their business scope。With big data、Algorithm、The addition of new technological elements such as artificial intelligence，The services of large-scale bet365 bonus code indiana radiate into all aspects of social life。Accompanied by the expansion of digital platform business，The public nature of bet365 bonus code indiana is gradually revealed。Wang Lei thinks，Public facilities should have two core characteristics: first，The industry has high entry barriers，The operator lacks competitors；Second，The operation of the facility is necessary for the public，Users’ economic behavior and social interactions heavily rely on this business。From these two standards，Large-scale bet365 bonus code indiana already have the basic characteristics of public facilities。First，There are obvious network effects in digital platform operations，Big data model requires strong technical support for data collection and analysis，This creates a very high barrier to entry for the digital market。Secondly，Compared to the operator’s control over users，User has obvious vulnerability and dependency。

In platform operation，We can clearly see what Lawrence Lessig said is the law of data that governs the development of the entire society。Take electronic payment as an example，Because it eliminates the hassle of cash payment，Immediate payment, eliminating the need for redemption and other problems，WeChat、Convenient and fast electronic payment methods such as Alipay have become an indispensable payment method in people’s daily lives。Digital platform companies also undertake some public service functions，For example，Water、Electricity、Basic public services such as gas can also be easily accessed through bet365 bonus code indiana。Large-scale bet365 bonus code indiana control the digital access terminals of social life，Can easily control users’ social behavior。Visible，bet365 bonus code indiana can already be regarded as public facilities。

As a public facility, bet365 bonus code indiana have dual attributes，bet365 bonus code indiana are private enterprises，At the same time, it has social publicity due to its service scope and business nature。If platform enterprises can fully realize the public attributes of the platform，Not only realizing economic value through bet365 bonus code indiana，And can promote social value，Then platform companies can regulate themselves through industry autonomy。However，As a private enterprise, bet365 bonus code indiana still follow the logic of capital to pursue profits，The ultimate goal of operations is still to maximize corporate interests。When data becomes a profit condition，Digital platform companies tend to use data to obtain economic profits。Therefore，There is a huge tension between the operation and social responsibility of digital platform companies，There is a tension between the public nature of bet365 bonus code indiana and the profit-making nature of enterprises。Alex Pentland thinks，Personal data in the Internet era is stored in private enterprise databases，Ordinary users cannot freely use the database，This seriously hinders the people’s right to know。Location information collected by private parties、Transaction record、Communication content and other data，To a certain extent, it constitutes a disguised deprivation of public goods and services。

　bet365 bonus code indiana Platform Antitrust

2021 is the beginning year of my country’s digital platform antitrust。Before，Most European and American countries have launched antitrust governance measures against platform companies。December 2020，The European Commission released the draft "Digital Markets Act" and "Digital Services Act"。October 2020，The U.S. House of Representatives Judiciary Committee released the "Investigation Report on Competition in Digital Markets"，The report highlights Google、Facebook、Apple、Amazon and other platform companies in search engines、E-commerce、Monopolistic behavior in various fields such as social networks。In response to calls from the industry and academia for antitrust on bet365 bonus code indiana，December 2020，The Chinese government has clearly stated the requirement to strengthen antitrust。February 2021，The Anti-Monopoly Committee of the State Council issued the "Anti-Monopoly Guidelines of the State Council Anti-Monopoly Committee on the Platform Economy"。2021，Many national departments have issued a series of data protection、Antitrust、Laws and policies against unfair competition and protection of workers’ rights and interests。Afterwards，my country’s Internet management department launched a special Internet rectification operation，Focus on rectifying issues such as excessive concentration of platform operators and “choosing one or the other” in bet365 bonus code indiana。

In antitrust governance of bet365 bonus code indiana，The strongest response was the punishment imposed by the State Administration for Market Regulation on Alibaba’s “choose one” behavior。Alibaba platform’s “choose one” behavior，Harm the interests of merchants and consumers，Competition between platforms is suppressed，Severely deviates from the open and shared economic philosophy of platform companies。Points out in the penalty decision against Alibaba，Tmall、JD.com、There is an obvious scale imbalance between competitive platforms such as Pinduoduo。Alibaba’s mandatory “choose one” approach makes it difficult for disadvantaged e-commerce platforms to maintain their market position，Maybe even forced to withdraw from the market。Wang Xiaoye thinks，Competitors exit the market not because of the products and services themselves，But because the platform enforces "choose one", it reduces the number of its users，This will create a distorted competition。Digital platform companies use mandatory measures such as “choose one”，Malicious exclusion of competitors，Or prevent new companies from entering the market，In the long run, it will also damage fair competition in the platform market。

When platform companies continue to develop and grow into bet365 bonus code indiana with public attributes，You need to bear the responsibility of an open platform、Public obligations such as data exchange。Opening up of large-scale bet365 bonus code indiana，It is not possible to use it for free and open to the whole society like public institutions。If platform governance legally forces platform companies to be open to all competitors，Will lead to "free rider effect"，Severely dampens the innovation enthusiasm of platform companies。The key to antitrust governance of bet365 bonus code indiana is to find a balanced governance approach，Protect the innovation of platform companies，It can also prevent the monopolistic behavior of bet365 bonus code indiana from hindering fair competition。

　　Collaborative bet365 bonus code indiana Framework

Platform companies benefit from economies of scale，Exhibit high level of innovation，Greatly promotes productivity improvement and bet365 bonus code indiana economic growth。

The reason why digital platform companies have higher productivity，It’s because the platform’s economies of scale bring high output at low cost。Also，The long tail effect of bet365 bonus code indiana is also very significant，Once bet365 bonus code indiana take hold，The marginal cost of service scale expansion will be close to zero。With the expansion of business scale，The scope of services has also been expanded，So，The economies of scale of bet365 bonus code indiana have inclusive value connotations。The operations of digital platform companies are different from traditional industries，All business types are basically based on innovation，The innovative products of platform companies continue to hatch new social functions and corresponding services。The antitrust governance of bet365 bonus code indiana is not to stifle the innovation enthusiasm and creative motivation of platform companies。Reasonable regulation requires the establishment of a new cooperative governance mechanism，Guard the coordinated development of bet365 bonus code indiana。

Judging from the current situation of platform antitrust governance，There is currently a lack of coordination among various departments，No effective policy coordination mechanism has been established。The regulatory authority for bet365 bonus code indiana in my country is the People’s Bank of China、Industry regulatory authorities such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，There are also regulatory authorities such as the State Administration for Market Regulation。In order to better monitor and evaluate the market behavior of bet365 bonus code indiana，We should consider establishing a comprehensive platform enterprise regulatory agency，To improve data usage specifications、The compatibility between user rights protection and antitrust policies。Advocacy Coalition Framework theory，Balanced governance requires the government to create rationality、Open、Normalized dialogue system，In order to promote policy compromise and policy learning；Neither inhibits the innovation of bet365 bonus code indiana，We do not condone the unlimited expansion of the platform，Hindering public interests；In addition to the regulations of laws and regulations and government administrative supervision，It is also necessary to construct a cooperative governance framework that absorbs the power of social regulation。

The power of bet365 bonus code indiana regulation mainly comes from bet365 bonus code indiana supervision and industry self-discipline。Viktor Meyer-Schönberger (Viktor ) and others proposed the concept of “algorithmist”，And hope to use its proficiency in algorithms and insistence on fair social norms，Provide social support for the supervision of digital platform enterprises。Algorithms are not technical individuals，It is a professional technical institution relying on big data，Responsible for monitoring the transparency of data operations。Victor divides algorithmists into external algorithmists and internal algorithmists。External algorithmists are equivalent to data auditors，Providing services such as big data auditing and application security monitoring。Governments and algorithmists can hold technical consultations on the use of big data in the public domain，And then introduce social supervision power into platform governance。Different social welfare than external algorithmists，In-house algorithmists have obvious industry self-discipline attributes。They are responsible for overseeing the big data activities of the digital platform within the platform enterprise，Need before administrative and legal regulations intervene，Conduct internal review of data operations for compliance。Introducing social regulatory power into a cooperative framework for platform governance，Contributes to the formation of platform corporate social responsibility awareness，In the long term, it can promote social embedding of bet365 bonus code indiana，Achieving a balance between economic benefits and social value。

(Author’s unit: Institute of Journalism and Communication, Chinese Academy of bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences)