She is from the small town of southern United States，Since the 1990s, I have lived in Singapore，After many times to and from China and Singapore。The experience she wandering herself in different cultures is called to capture and listen to different "sounds"。I do not realize the Chinese word from the word of Chinese and become a professional translator，She has a special life experience that ordinary people have never experienced。Now，She translates many Chinese works into English，Deep cultivation in novels at the same time、Prose and Poetry Creation Field。She is an American translator、Writer、Poet Shelly Bryant。Recent，This reporter interviewed Bai Xueli，Listen to the Chinese culture in her eyes、A common culture of multinational culture and human beings，Her many Chinese works reading and translation experience，and her unique experience in the English version of "Africa Finding Zheng He Lu", "Zheng He and Africa", "Africa" ​​and other works。

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　　"China Social Sciences": as a translator、Writer、Poet，This multiple professional identity gives you a special cognition of cultural research?

Bai Xueli:In essence，I don't agree with such a view -the best way to study culture is to maintain a certain distance with it，and treat it as some kind of objects independent of us to observe。The core of the culture is human，and the person itself is mixed with a lot of subjectivity，Therefore, culture cannot be really objective、Examine on Excluding Land。We live in culture，Culture also lives around us。I have lived in Singapore and China for more than 30 years，I am not living in a "fantasy bubble" separated from the culture of the two countries，but live in the "local lifestyle"。Although I am not Chinese，But I live in Chinese culture，It constitutes an organic composition part of my life world，I can't study it as an objective object，It has been deeply integrated with my life。When I moved to a local environment in China，I will naturally open the reading journey of Chinese literature works。

My life is the life of literature，I have a strong interest in literary works in all countries，Never divided Chinese literature with British literature or other countries in literature research，Because in my opinion，They all belong to the category of world literature，It is essentially related to。My wide love for different national literature is that its foundation is the "common culture" of human beings。I don’t seek to "spread a certain country culture"，Do not think that culture is a thing that can be spread，Although it is something that can be shared。I have always been keen to share good stories -share my favorite books、Movie。For me，Translation is also an extension of this "sharing" desire。Share stories that people appreciate each other or think meaningful can connect people together。This is also the goal of my translation -to share different cultures through meaningful language conversion。

　Great literary works can fascinate readers

　　"China Social Sciences": Bai Juyi's "Three Songs of Recalling Jiangnan" inspired your early interest in Chinese classical poetry。How do you interpret Bai Juyi's poem style? In Chinese literary works，Which style of genre do you prefer?

Bai Xueli:Among many Chinese poets，I really love Bai Juyi's work，I also yearn for Bai Juyi's drunk Baichi Garden in Songjiang Old Town，He has a close contact with there。The "Three Songs of Recalling Jiangnan" made by Bai Juyi is a work that a friend once shared with me。This may be one of the most understandable Chinese classical poems I have read in the early days。

Bai Juyi as one of the most famous poets in ancient China，His personality quality has many places I appreciate，Maybe the most appreciated point is the "approachable" of his poetry。It is rumored，Bai Juyi insists that his servant can also come into contact with the poems he created。At that time in Bai Juyi，It is not easy to do this with his status，This is enough to make his personality full of attractiveness。Bai Juyi's poetry is easy to understand，This also gave me some confidence in opening Chinese poems in the early days。Most books on ancient Chinese poetry，and Chinese learning materials for foreign readers，Often emphasizes that Chinese poetry is obscure、High -profile unpredictable，and treat ancient Chinese poems as a patent belonging to the elite，It seems that the ancient Chinese poems are shrouded in the mystery of "5,000 years of history in China"。This description does not make Chinese ancient poems more attractive，Instead，It is impossible to understand Chinese ancient poems。I have a completely different view of this issue; no one is born to understand any language and poetry written in this language。Language and poetry are not mysterious places。If a person wants to understand Chinese ancient poems，Just like understanding the culture in other areas of China，As long as you continue to involve related knowledge，You can in -depth and thorough understanding and cognition。

It can be said，Bai Juyi's work and his theory of "facing civilians" about poetry caused my emotional resonance and ideological resonance，It also gave me a different reading experience as a Chinese cultural reader。Bai Juyi thinks，The ultimate purpose of poetry is to transmit and exchange emotions，instead of covering or blocking emotions。The depth of the spiritual inspiration caused by his solution beyond time and space，It can be said to be cross -continent、Cross -Century、Cross -language、cross -cultural、Cross -sex。For me，Reading Bai Juyi's poetry works knocked on the door of the soul，Not only is it pleasant at the level of knowledge acquisition，This is also the case at the personal spiritual level。In my opinion，This is the long -lasting charm of great literary works -it can be at multiple levels、Multiple dimensions make readers completely fascinated。

As a writer，My reading preference for poetry and other literary genre is more "folded"，It is difficult to determine my "favorite" according to the specific writing genre，And I will not limit my writing to a certain style or form。I published a few collections of speculative poems (including science fiction poetry) and several poems that are considered bet365 best casino games more "mainstream"。It is difficult to determine my "favorite" according to the specific writing genre。If you read the poems I created、Prose and novel works，It will be found that the theme and genre covered in it are quite wide。

This also largely reflects my reading taste，There may be some works that cause my inner resonance in a specific way，But there is no my favorite style、genre or writers。The thoughts of some works can be better expression in realistic terms，Other thoughts to express more vividly in the term of romanticism。What I think is more important is whether a work can cleverly combine forms and content into one。In my literary work reading，What I really like to see is a story that is perfectly in line with the form that it expresses、Concept or idea。For example，I often revisit three works when studying China's Jiangnan Garden，"Peach Blossom Source" made by Tao Yuanming、Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" and Ye Shengtao's "Suzhou Garden"。These three works reflect the three very different views about garden aesthetics: the first is an illusion image; the second is realistic; the third will mix them in an interesting way.，To allow tourists to get the "immersive" garden beauty。Each writer is ingenious in the genre of the offender he is good at，Develop narrative around the theme of the "garden" in a unique way，Therefore, the reader's cognition and experience of the Chinese garden together。

　Translation should continue the original beauty and subtlety

"China Social Sciences": Your research direction includes "Reader Accept theory"。Combined with your own translation experience，How to understand this theory?

Bai Xueli:Readers may bring their own views on their own in the reading process，This is a good thing，It is this personal opinion that helps readers to discover the meaning of the work that the author may ignore。Similarly，I think in the process of literary translation，It is very important to give readers full autonomy and trust。For me personally，As a poet and writer，I respect the reading process of the reader very much。I have no intention of disturbing or willing to tell readers how to understand a work。As a translator，I tend to present the connotation of the original work in another language in another language，Let readers re -discover its meaning through their own reading experience。I believe，The inherent strength of a vast reading space and the power of literature itself can convey what the meaning of life、What is common humanity。This concept comes from the experience I got in my writing practice，It also continued into the translation work。

In view of this，The translation must be meticulous as carefully as the original，Leave enough room for thinking for readers，Let them enter the new reading space，To re -experience the original work of "another life form"。At the same time，This also means that the translator cannot intervene in the place where the original author has never intervened — during the conversion process of the sentence，Translators must resist the temptation of "excessive interpretation" of the original work。

For my point of view，You can explain it through a anecdote。I have participated in a meeting about literary translation。At that time，A senior professor demonstrated a translation example to the audience，And explained why this is "the most loyal or even perfect Bet365 app download Chinese translation example he has ever seen"。This professor is more senior in the translation teaching community，Also engaged in translation practice for a long time，I naturally became interested in his point of view，I hope to get some inspiration from him。He showed us a set of Chinese sentences，The original sentence structure is very beautiful，I can't wait to see how the translator translates it into the same beautiful English。But，When the English translation appears on the screen，I think this respected professor is using a joke to attract class audiences — the original text is simple、Reasonable structure、7 Chinese short sentences composed of 15-20 Chinese characters，"rendered" into a clumsy and long、The English long sentence of nearly 8 lines is spanned on the screen。The whole sentence is quite strenuous to read，Even pain。

Unfortunate is，Professor is not joking。He then analyzes how each part of the original Chinese sentence can be "perfect" in English。His analysis and interpretation meticulous，Specific to every detail of the translation。For me，The English translation corresponding to the original Chinese sentence is simply terrible，Can be called "translation car accident scene"。I can't believe this professor thinks it "loyalty"，Not to mention "perfect"。

When the translator encounters a very delicate、When a sentence full of cultural colors，Slow down translation speed to carefully decompose the original sentence，Sort out all the details contained in it as much as possible，This translation idea and the large workload involved made me impressive，It reflects the translator's strict observance of the original Chinese text，and research and thinking that may take a few hours。Translator's reading and interpretation of the original text is very careful，This spirit is worthy of admiration。But，must be pointed out，This is not a loyal translation。Even if the original text is decomposed in detail, it is a major task of the translator，But，In the target language in a way to reproduce the original style to make the original structure "gaining new life" is a more important task，This means to make the beauty of the original text、Simple、Submile can be retained and continued in the translation。If Chinese sentences are compact and light，So Walking、Long and cumbersome English translations undoubtedly "unfaithful"。On the contrary，Should work hard to keep the English translation of the same compact and light style。

Chinese is a kind of impactful language，Loentectable to include a large amount of dense information in a smaller space，Idioms are a good example。An idiom condenses the entire story into four words，Expressing profound and timeless truth in the form of words and simplicity。It is the original text of the Chinese text with a compactness，This aesthetic response should be reflected in English translation。If the details of the original text are listed in the translation，Not only does it violate the style of the original text，and deprived the readers' imagination。

This translation example of the professor showed me a deep impression on this translation example of the lecture，I often treat me as a typical case study about translation methodology。We cannot turn the "close fist" Bet365 lotto review into "open palms" to shoot，So as to lose the original action impact。This is the belief I have always insisted in my translation practice。

　　Translation form should be perfectly combined with content

"China Social Sciences": What do you have completed recently and what Chinese works are you engaged in? Please introduce the subject matter content of these works and think to you。

Bai Xueli:Several translation items I currently engage in include: two books on children's literature，The author comes from Xiamen and Beijing respectively; an academic work on modern Confucian philosophy; a book about the Jiangnan silk industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties; a series of short stories from mainland Chinese writers and two Singaporean Cultural Medals.。

I have recently completed the English version of the Chinese female writer Zhang Ye's novel "Fu Zhen"。This novel is a classic disaster literary work，It can be used as an example of the point of view I often talk about: in some cases, culture cannot be simply classified as a culture affiliated with Chinese or other countries。Zhang Ye was born in China，But I have lived in Canada for more than 30 years。The earliest scene in the novel occurred during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake，Describes that Tangshan becomes a ruins in an instant，An unusual growth experience in a surviving girl during 32 years and the emotional dilemma encountered in life。The work focuses on the intense "aftershock" caused by the catastrophe in the heart of the person who has been caught.，and the self -spirit redemption completed by the individual。The location described by the work except Tangshan，Also including Shanghai、Guangzhou and Toronto。Cultural perspective，This work is most suitable for being classified as a "common culture" belonging to humans，It explores the major trauma caused by sudden disasters. For individuals、Long -term impact of family and society，Analysis of various ways of human response to trauma, especially in the early life trauma。Although the "Chinese" of this novel accounts for a large ingredient，But I think the "human nature" it shows is the most fundamental。This is why I was deeply attracted by this work during the translation。

　　"China Social Sciences": in your English translation，There are two very uniqueness -Director of the West Asian Africa Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、The executive dean of the Chinese African Research Institute Li Xinzheng "Africa Find Zheng He Lu" and the editor -in -chief of "Zheng He and Africa"。Please talk about your translation experience of these two works。

Bai Xueli:As mentioned earlier，The perfect combination of form and content can create excellent works。In translation，I think this is also very important -we must synchronize the perfect combination of the original form and content in the translation，Even if the expression used in the target language is different from the original text。When translating these two works about Zheng He's go to the west,，I am fortunate to deal with similar content in two different forms。In these two works，The author must be very cautious and truthfully report the discovery of the field work。But the difference is，"Africa Find Zheng He Lu" revolves around the author's adventure process in Africa and field research records，Therefore, strong narrative is present; "Zheng He and Africa" ​​use a more academic method，The author's own African adventure experience no longer becomes the center of gravity of the work。So，The reading experience brought by these two books is completely different，It can be said that the two are complementary。For me，Processing these two different works text is interesting translation exercises。

"Africa Find Zheng He Road" covers a considerable subject theme，This makes the translation process very challenging，Also full of interest。On the one hand，The book involves a large amount of research materials，The rigorous treatment and full argumentation of the author's rigorous treatment of these materials is obvious。On the other hand，The content recorded by the author in the book is not only academic、Full written research，and the enthusiasm of adventure and enthusiasm for new archeological discovery。In this book，We can clearly feel the joy of the author's new discovery of Zheng He's ruins in the process of seeking Zheng He in Africa，This makes the whole book read very fascinating。I also try my best to convey this in the translation process，I think the author's enthusiasm for the field investigation and field visits constitutes an important part of the reader's reading experience。During the translation of the book，I encountered some "gray zone" in the original text understanding，This brings certain difficulties to the translation，But I enjoy the pleasure brought by this translation difficulty。

In this book，In addition to objectively excavating and presenting the facts and data of Zheng He's shipwreck in history，For example, the compilation of Zheng Hezhou teacher and the ship type category，It also incorporates the reasoning of Zheng He's goal to the west and its fleet based on these facts and data，These reasoning to a certain extent is full of historical imagination。At the same time，The author's narrative method for the actual investigation is not serious and stereotyped，but the three -dimensional image，Among them, a lot of personal emotional expression and natural scenery description。

"Africa Find Zheng He Lu" is a documentary work，But the author uses a novelist to deal with the historical events he pursued by a novelist's description of the storyline and the main character，The author himself has also become the protagonist in "Find Story"。In the works written in English，Documentary works and novels are strictly distinguished in terms of genre，The boundary between the two is clear，The former almost does not give any imaginative reasoning or personal feelings to express space。But，The liquidity of the language itself in Chinese works，Add facts and reasoning、Emotional、Scenery can be mixed in the documentary works，Allowing objective facts reports have more flexibility。

　　"China Social Sciences": How do you think of the work done by the author for field surveys and field inspections?

Bai Xueli:The field survey made by Li Xinzheng for his works is undoubtedly a deep life，Biography and depth。His detailed inspection experience in Africa made Zheng He's fleet "surface" left in Africa that year。With these Zhenghe fleets that have been annihilated from historical dust, they were re -found and confirmed for，The wrong remarks of the so -called "new colonialism" do not attack self -break in the face of iron -like facts。Proof of this book，Friendship between China and Africa can be used as a model of cooperation and unity between contemporary parties。The author's field inspection provides many empirical materials on China -Africa relations，It is a historical world、The international relations academic community has opened up a new way to think about the future of China and Africa。

Similar to "Africa Find Zheng He Lu", "Zheng He and Africa"，Zhang Ye's novel "Ama Zhen" is deeply rooted in her inspection and research on the 1976 Tangshan earthquake。But the latter survey for the creation of this novel，The inspections made with the former to find Zheng He's fleet are not the same，Not only because we are not as far away from the Tangshan earthquake as the Zheng He era。During the translation process，I heard Zhang Ye talked about the "oral history" work made by her to unveil the veil of the disaster，This is similar to Li Xinzheng's interview with hundreds of local people in Africa to obtain historical data。

To fully understand the related clues of the Tangshan earthquake，Zhang Yan read many information and text records about this incident。She strives to trace the historical facts through data surveys，In -depth understanding of the personal experience of the survivors of the earthquake，Talk to those who caught the disaster and listen to their life stories。While carefully capturing the emotional truth and the inner world of the character，The perspective of the person and observers makes the narrative method of individual pain more plump and heavy。From this perspective，The work of "aftershock" is undoubtedly successful。