August 25, 2022，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in a reply to foreign experts to foreign language publishing houses: "Translation is an important job to promote human civilization exchanges。Chinese translation of Buddhism in Chinese history，Chinese translation of modern Western academic and cultural works，Marxist classic translation communication，17、The spread of Chinese culture classics in the eighteenth century，A positive effect on the progress of human civilization。Today，The Communist Party of China leads the people successfully getting out of the road of modern Chinese -style modernization，Created a new form of human civilization。Introduction to the accurate transparent translation，Let the world better understand China in the new era，It is very meaningful to promote the exchange of Chinese and foreign civilizations。”

Recent，Italian scholars、Riccardo Morato, a professor at the School of Senior Translation of Shanghai University of Foreign Languages ​​University, was interviewed by our reporter。Professor Mo Ran has unique research on the theory of translation，In terms of translation practice，translates classic works such as "Xi Jinping's Story" (Juvenile Edition) into Italian，Published two Chinese prose collection。He introduced to reporters the process of developing translation and interpretation research into a independent discipline and establishing a knowledge system，Also based on the translation practice and teaching and research experience accumulated over the past 15 years，Discussion on the question of how to promote cross -cultural communication and communication。From Moran's view，Foreigners want to tell Chinese stories，Only integrate into Chinese culture，Experience the infinite charm of Chinese person，Conceptual updates to understand China at the same time，Follow the development pace of the times in action。

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"China Social Sciences": from the perspective of social progress and academic development，Which factors have promoted translation research to independent disciplines? In the development process of the translation discipline，What theoretical doctrines are there、Knowledge structure and academic works have far -reaching influence on the knowledge system of constructive translation and academic knowledge?

Moran:Social factors that promote translation research to independent disciplines can be divided into two categories。First，The continuous in -depth globalization has promoted communication and interaction between different languages ​​and culture。With international trade、Cultural exchanges and academic cooperation are becoming more and more frequent，Society's demand for high -quality translation has gradually increased。Translation in different cultural backgrounds involve complex problems such as cultural conversion and context adaptation，This promotes the deepening and expansion of translation research，Including translation theory、Method、Tips。Next，The arrival of the information age provides an opportunity for the development of translation disciplines。The widespread popularization of emerging translation tools has put forward new requirements for translation research。One of the major features of artificial intelligence is that high variables。If 20 students use artificial intelligence -assisted translations，will get 20 different translation versions。but，Experienced translator will find it，These translations are selected in words、Sentence structure and other aspects have many similarities。So，The work of the scholar is to identify these similarities，Then re -organize or reflect the text，Modes of artificial intelligence machine translation cavity，Make the language smoother、More natural。These "post -editing" work is an important skill that contemporary translation talents need to be proficient。The accuracy of the translation of machine translation will become a normal state。Human is progressing，Technology is also iteration。Translation researchers must change their way of thinking，Learn to live in harmony with technology、Common cooperation。

Internal changes in the academic world have promoted translation research as a vigorous development of an independent discipline。Past，The academic community believes that translation is just an auxiliary activity，or a sub -domain of linguistics。Now，More and more scholars are aware of the uniqueness and importance of translation as a discipline。，Translation International Academic Symposium、The rise of translation research journals also brings more opportunities for academic exchanges and cooperation，Provides a broader development platform for translation research。For example，Shanghai University of Foreign Languages ​​University of Foreign Languages ​​reached a cooperation agreement with Peter Lang International Publishing Group, Switzerland，joint editor and publishing the international semi -annual journal "Research on Pen Translation"。

Speaking of the development process of translation disciplines，I have to mention the theoretical doctrine of constructing its knowledge system、Knowledge structure and masterpiece。These important theories include interpretation theory、Explanation theory、Multi -system theory，and the translation purpose theory developed by Les and Vermel。In addition，There is also a cognitive load model theory、Mind adaptability control mode theory、Yan Fu's "letter", "Da", "Ya" standard、Functional Translation Theory、Eugene Nada's "Functional Theory"、Ketford's "Language Concept"、Basnett's "Cultural Steering Story"、The translation theory proposed by Xie Tianzhen and the ecological translation theory proposed by Hu Gengshen，, etc.。These representative scholars explore the relationship between translation and culture，Expand the depth and breadth of cultural communication and cultural differences，Build a wealth of knowledge system for the translation discipline。，Qian Zhongshu's "Talking Art Record"、Lin Yutang's "Translation of Translation" and the work of Angelo Aiko, Italy，All provide valuable experience and theoretical support for the knowledge system for building a translation discipline。Overall，Promoting the transformation of translation research to independent disciplines is inseparable from the two aspects of social development and academic reform.。

　　Establish a "common point" between different languages

"China Social Sciences": Interpretation is an important translation activity，What is the status quo of Chinese interpretation research and practice? What are the development trends in the future?

Moran:Since ancient times，Interpretation is an indispensable translation activity in China and the West，But，The research activities of the academic interpretation did not really start until the 20th century。Initial，Academic Research focuses on the cognitive mechanism and psychological language characteristics of interpreting。In the following decades，The academic community is no longer limited to analyzing the brain cognitive process of oral translators，The academic community is no longer limited to analyzing the brain cognitive process of oral translators、object、Organic interaction between the place and thought，Therefore, the concept of "interpretation research" is also increasingly established。Social and cultural characteristics reflected in different languages ​​are different，It will inevitably lead to the difference in working methods in each language。Recent，Zhang Ailing, Dean of the Senior Translation College of Shanghai University of Foreign Languages ​​University, cooperate with me，I jointly edited two works on the interpretation of the Chinese conference，Published by Laudleyc Publishing House。"Conference Interpretation in China: Practice、Training and Research "introduced various studies on Chinese interpretation，Especially the interpretation of the conference，At the same time, a variety of academic voices are also displayed，Different translation problems。In the "Development of the Interpretation of the Chinese Conference: The Views of the Industry"，Dean Zhang and I reviewed the development of the Chinese conference as a career after the reform and opening up in the late 1970s。Professor Li Zhengren, Executive Dean Li Zhengren, Executive Dean of Shanghai Foreign Studies University, who prefaces the book, emphasized，In 1979, China and the United Nations jointly organized a UN translator training class at the University of Foreign Languages ​​of Beijing。Before that，Whether it is a training institution or a previous work practice，China has not regarded translation and interpretation as two different professional fields。With the increasing activities of China's activities in the United Nations，Especially need to speak in Chinese on different occasions，China's demand for transliterations trained by the United Nations Secretariat is increasing.。1979，Beijing University of Foreign Languages ​​University's UN translator training class opened a staff member、Training courses of translator and interpreter，The interpretation occupation was born。

In recent years，Academic institutions like Shanghai University of Foreign Studies University constantly create academic dialogue space for translation research。I created a new series of "East Asian Interpretation Research" for Laudelic Publishing House，Triced Chinese (Mandarin、Cantonese and other dialects)、Japanese、Interpretation activities of Korean and other East Asian languages ​​and academic works discussed in theoretical discussion。This series of bushes shows various interpretation activities and challenges to translate East Asian language into European languages，and compare the intricate relationships of East Asian interpretation culture and its internal intricate relationships。Today, the development of Western interpretation has matured today，Scholars will turn to areas that have not yet covered the bet365 live casino games existing descriptive research，Looking for research inspiration。East Asia's interpretation research has the largest potential in pioneering new areas and building a new theory。

As an international conference translator，I feel responsible for expanding the scope of discussion of translation academics，Introduction to translation research and practice of other important languages ​​such as Italian，Make academic discussions more international。Hoplli Publishing House is one of Italy's most authoritative university textbook publishing house，My Yihankou translation research monograph "Chinese interpretation: reflection、Strategy and Teaching Methods "will be published by the publishing house at the end of 2023，British Pargrav McMaren Publishing House will be responsible for publishing the English version of the book，Chinese version is published by China Press。I mentioned in this book，Yihan two languages ​​belong to different languages，Therefore, it has also experienced the independent evolution process。In terms of the order and language structure of the sentence ingredients，There is a profound type of learning difference between the two languages ​​of Yihan。Not only that，Their users have inherited the long history and cultural traditions，These traditions will inevitably be reflected in the user organization language、Different aspects of expressing thoughts and feelings。Therefore，For the interpreter，Establish a "common point" between two languages，Provide solutions for language problems，Looking for mutual understanding cultural reference objects，Have a certain challenge。Considering the above difficulties，This book changes Hankou translation textbooks only focusing on interpretation exercises、Disadvantages of the theoretical explanation，Focus on improving the level of spoken theory and cross -cultural communication ability of beginners。I think，Improve Chinese students except English、French、Spanish、Arabic and other languages ​​other languages ​​in other languages，is to cultivate first -class foreign language talents、Translation talents and international composite talents are indispensable for important steps。

　　Translation Show the beauty of Chinese

"China Social Sciences": China and Italy have long translation traditions，How does these excellent traditional resources affect the translation methods and styles of scholars between the two countries?

Moran:The translation tradition of Italy and China profoundly affects the translation style and technique of each other scholars。When translating Chinese works，Italian scholars are often inspired by ancient Chinese literature and poetry，Efforts to maintain the rhythm and rhythm of the original work，To respect the beauty of the original。At the same time，Italian scholars tend to adopt a more literary translation style，To express the emotion and aesthetics of Chinese works。2022，I translated Li Jingze's "Return to Return" into Italian in more than a year。In this book，Dialogue with the ancients，From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties，continuing to modern times。From "Confucius", "Mencius" to note novels，Li Jingze vividly describes Chinese history and culture，Feel the rich spiritual world of the ancients，Miss the style of the ancients。Although the original book quotes a large number of ancient Chinese classics，But Chinese readers can feel that there are differences between the author's modern Chinese and some classical Chinese texts。I am a translator，You must work hard to create a similar dual method in the translation，Let It Italian readers also notice that when reading the classical Chinese, it can also notice the writing style that is completely different from the author's tone。The first Italian translation of Wang Guowei's "Words of the World" was released on September 15, 2023。Before that，There are only two English translations with translation problems on the market。I hope to show the beauty of Chinese poems to Italian readers with the help of this work，Including internal rhythm、Rhyme、grid, etc.，So I spent a lot of time translating each sentence of a single word。Wen Yan, a professor at the School of European Language and Culture, Beijing University，Think that this is "the most complete at present、The most loyal foreign language translation "。Wen Yan also said，It represents "the traditional cultural exchange tradition since Matteo Ricci has once again received perfect confirmation and continuation"。Italy and Chinese scholars should learn from each other when translating cross -cultural works、Respect the original work、Understand cultural background、Pursue accuracy，Contributions to promoting cross -cultural exchanges。

I fully discussed the importance of translator's ability to improve mother tongue。If you can't get appropriate training，Mother tongue is like the language learned by future dynasties. It is also easy to be forgotten by the translator。The first step to improve translation skills is not the progress of foreign language ability，Instead of training mother tongue reading。The more mother tongue works read more，The translator of the translator will become smoother。But，Improving Chinese ability requires translators to take out another set and another attitude。Learning Chinese needs to be immersive，can you feel the philosophy and aesthetic value of life contained in Chinese characters。Chinese characters and Chinese cover vision、Hearing and even philosophy，is a physical sensation that starts various sensory.。I compare Chinese reading to the senses resonance of the text that surpassed by text，Expressing the unique beauty of language。I depict the translation as a visual dialogue with the ancient wise men，Describe the interpretation as a music symphony，Gives a deeper connotation of language -related work，Highlight the diverse appearance of interaction with language。I choose one of the reasons for the translation and interpretation of part -time translation and interpretation，It is to immerse in different aspects of the experience of multi -sensor.。Language is a portal to cultural heritage and way of thinking。Chinese is not just an object knowledge that rely on the head to learn，It is a translator in life with culture、History，Personal experience accumulated in the process of national thinking and way of thinking。

　　Help foreign adolescents to understand and understand China

"China Social Sciences": You translated the "Xi Jinping Story" (Juvenile Edition)，Please introduce the experience and experience of the translation。

Moran:Each literary work is like a unique life body，Has a unique style characteristics。This requires the translator with awe with awe，Treat them in a unique way。For example，"Creative Translation" refers to creating a new fictional world that is similar and very different。"Creative Translation" is an important translation strategy，but not necessarily applicable to all texts。a few years ago，I am fortunate to translate "Xi Jinping's Story" (Juvenile Edition) into Italian，and published by the University of Bologna Press in 2019。When translating，My respect for the original text。Comparison of comparison，Translation of Tang Sulan's children's books require a variety of translation strategies，Including adaptation and creative translation，can children who are targeting culture can embrace this book as a little Chinese reader。Among many translation techniques，The most important thing is to read the text to be translated repeatedly in Chinese，To the Voice of the Author。Only absorb the author's narrative style and the sound of different protagonists，Translator can do translation work。Translation is not a simple translation，More like a "re -creation"，This is the spirit of creative translation。

Translate Xi Jinping's Story (Juvenile Edition) into Italian，Is a politics、Comprehensive work at multiple levels such as culture and language，It has a certain challenge。First，There must be two languages ​​of a proficient in -intention，Professional translation team of Chinese political system and culture in depth，can ensure that the translation accurately conveys the connotation of the original work。Next，In order to enable Italian readers to better understand and appreciate the thoughts and storylines expressed in the original work，The translator has made a lot of effort during the translation process，Details on vocabulary and phrases。Last，Political language often has a specific culture and historical background。This requires the translator to not be mixed with any personal or group prejudice during the translation process，To ensure the accurate translation of the content of the original。

I think，University of Bologian Press to a large extent to large extent the translation of "Xi Jinping's Story" (Juvenile Edition) is positioned as a translation work of a political text。To ensure the recognition and influence of this work in Italy，The quality of the translation of the University of Bologna Press、accuracy and fluency have extremely high requirements。"Xi Jinping's Story" (Juvenile Edition) is not a necessary textbook，But some university professors believe that it is a useful reading material and reference book，Can help students understand General Secretary Xi Jinping，Promote their understanding and understanding of China。Before the release of the Italian version of "Xi Jinping's Story" (Juvenile Edition)，University of Bologian Press in 2018 cooperated with Chinese Child Children's Publishing House，Professor Han Yuhai's book "Great Must also understand: Come and read Marx" and "Great people must understand: come together to read Mao Zedong" as Italian。

　　Deepen Chinese Culture Overseas Communication Channel

"China Social Sciences": in recent years，How is Chinese works published and spread in Italy?

Moran:Large -scale commercial publishing house does not pay much attention to the artistic value of literary works，They value the economic benefits brought by publishing。Only those who are interested in Chinese culture，or students who are enthusiastic about Chinese and Chinese literature，Only get involved in these works。Italy's publishing house is very concerned about the market in the American book market。A work of a best -selling American market can easily be translated into other languages，Usually translated from English，Sometimes it is not even translated directly from Chinese。Although there are some exceptions，What I discuss is a common trend。

The Chinese government has launched a number of translation projects to support Chinese literary works overseas publishing，This is undoubtedly very positive。but，This is far from enough。As a communicator of the two -in -place culture，I have been working hard to fight for Chinese writers to express my voice and show my work.。For example，During the new crown epidemic，I interviewed many Chinese writers，Including Su Tong、Han Shaogong、Li'er、Lin Bai、Yan Lianke、Tang Sulan, etc.，and published these interviews on the "Declaration News" in Italy，Help them improve their popularity。Many Italian readers are eager to speak through Chinese writers，instead of an intermediary or distorted media conversion，to enhance the understanding of Chinese literature。Current，Xiaobai's "Block" translated by me is about to publish in Italy。My other translation work includes Li Yan's "Brother Yingwa" and "Cherry on the Pomegranate Tree"、Su Tong's "Yellow Sparrow" and Tang Sulan's work，It is expected that in the future to present more Chinese literary works to Italian readers。，I am still the editor -in -chief of Laudley Publishing House's "Research on Chinese Literature of Interdisciplinary and Cross Culture"。This series widely explores Chinese writers and overseas Chinese writers in literature、Global communication and acceptance of culture and translation。

Foreigners want to tell Chinese stories，First of all, understand this story。For this，I wrote two Chinese prose collection，Try to think and write in the Chinese context。I believe，Only integrate into Chinese culture，Foreign translators can share high -quality Chinese stories with the world。