August 25, 2022，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his reply to foreign experts from the Foreign Languages ​​Publishing House: “bet365 sign up bonus code is an important task in promoting exchanges among human civilizations。Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code of Buddhist scriptures in Chinese history，Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code of modern Western academic and cultural works，bet365 sign up bonus code and dissemination of Marxist classics，Seventeen、The spread of Chinese cultural classics in Europe in the 18th century，Has a positive effect on the progress of human civilization。Today，The Communist Party of China led the people to successfully embark on the path of Chinese-style modernization，Created a new form of human civilization。Introduced through accurate and expressive bet365 sign up bonus code，Let the world better understand China in the new era，It is very meaningful to promote exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations。”

Recently，Italian scholar、Riccardo Moratto, professor at Shanghai International Studies University School of bet365 sign up bonus code and Interpretation, was interviewed by this reporter。Professor Mo Ran has unique research on bet365 sign up bonus code theory，In terms of bet365 sign up bonus code practice，Translate classic works such as "Xi Jinping Storytelling" (Youth Edition) into Italian，And published two Chinese prose collections。He introduced to reporters the process of developing bet365 sign up bonus code studies and interpreting studies into independent disciplines and establishing knowledge systems，Also based on the bet365 sign up bonus code practice and teaching and research experience accumulated over the past 15 years，Discussed the issue of how to promote cross-cultural communication and exchange with high quality。In Mo Ran’s opinion，Foreigners must tell Chinese stories well，Only by integrating into Chinese culture，Experience the infinite charm of Chinese in person，At the same time, constantly update the understanding of China in terms of concepts，Keep up with the development of the times in action。

　Technology and thinking promote the development of bet365 sign up bonus code discipline

"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": From the perspective of social progress and academic development，What factors have promoted the transformation of bet365 sign up bonus code studies into an independent discipline？In the development process of bet365 sign up bonus code discipline，What other theories are there、Knowledge structure and academic works have a profound impact on the construction of bet365 sign up bonus code studies knowledge system？

Mo Ran:The social factors that promote the transformation of bet365 sign up bonus code studies into an independent discipline can be divided into two major categories。First，The deepening of globalization has promoted exchanges and interactions between different languages ​​and cultures。With international trade、Cultural exchanges and academic cooperation are becoming more and more frequent，Society’s demand for high-quality bet365 sign up bonus code is also gradually increasing。bet365 sign up bonus code under different cultural backgrounds involves complex issues such as cultural conversion and context adaptation，This promotes the deepening and expansion of bet365 sign up bonus code research，Including bet365 sign up bonus code theory、Method、Techniques, etc.。Secondly，The arrival of the information age provides opportunities for the development of the bet365 sign up bonus code discipline。The widespread popularity of emerging bet365 sign up bonus code tools has put forward new requirements for bet365 sign up bonus code research。One of the characteristics of artificial intelligence is its high variability。If all 20 students use artificial intelligence-assisted bet365 sign up bonus code，You will get 20 different bet365 sign up bonus code versions。But，Experienced translators will find out，These translations are in word choice、There are many similarities in syntactic structure and so on。Therefore，It is the scholar’s ​​job to identify these similarities，Then reorganize or paraphrase the text，Change the machine bet365 sign up bonus code accent of artificial intelligence，Make language more fluent、More natural。These "post-editing" tasks are important skills that contemporary translators need to master。It will become the norm that the accuracy of machine bet365 sign up bonus code will improve year by year。Humanity is making progress，Technology is also iterating。bet365 sign up bonus code studies scholars must change their way of thinking，Learn to coexist harmoniously with technology、Work together。

Internal changes in academia have promoted the vigorous development of bet365 sign up bonus code studies as an independent discipline。Past，Academic circles believe that bet365 sign up bonus code is only an auxiliary activity，Or a subfield of linguistics。Now，More and more scholars are aware of the uniqueness and importance of bet365 sign up bonus code as a subject。In addition，International Academic Symposium on bet365 sign up bonus code、The rise of bet365 sign up bonus code studies journals has also brought more opportunities for academic exchanges and cooperation，Provides a broader development platform for bet365 sign up bonus code research。For example，Shanghai International Studies University School of bet365 sign up bonus code and Interpretation has reached a cooperation agreement with the Swiss Peterland International Academic Publishing Group，Co-edit and publish the international biannual journal "Research on Interpretation and bet365 sign up bonus code"。

Talking about the development process of bet365 sign up bonus code discipline，I have to mention the theoretical doctrines that construct its knowledge system、Knowledge structure and works of famous writers。These important theories include interpretation theory、Interpretation Theory、Multiple systems theory，And the Skopos Theory of bet365 sign up bonus code as developed by Rice and Vermeer。In addition，There is also cognitive load model theory、Thought adaptive control model theory、The standards of "faithfulness", "expression" and "elegance" proposed by Yan Fu、Functional bet365 sign up bonus code theory、Eugene Nida’s “Functional Equivalence Theory”、Kutford’s “Linguistic View”、Basnett’s “Cultural Turn Theory”、The introduction theory of bet365 sign up bonus code proposed by Xie Tianzhen and the ecological bet365 sign up bonus code theory proposed by Hu Gengshen，Wait。These representative scholars explore the relationship between bet365 sign up bonus code and culture，Expanded the depth and breadth of research on cultural communication and cultural differences，Built a rich knowledge system for the bet365 sign up bonus code discipline。In addition，"Talk about Art" by Qian Zhongshu、Lin Yutang's "On bet365 sign up bonus code" and the works of Italian Umberto Eco，All provide valuable experience and theoretical support for building the knowledge system of bet365 sign up bonus code discipline。Overall，Promoting the transformation of bet365 sign up bonus code studies into an independent discipline cannot be separated from the joint advancement of social development and academic reform。

　　Establishing “common ground” between different bet365 sign up bonus code

"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": Interpretation is an important bet365 sign up bonus code activity，What is the current status of interpreting research and practice in China？What are the development trends in the future？

Mo Ran:Since ancient times，Interpretation is an indispensable bet365 sign up bonus code activity in both China and the West，However，Academic research activities on interpreting did not really begin until the 20th century。At first，Academic research focuses on the cognitive mechanism and psycholinguistic characteristics of interpreting。In the following decades，Academic circles are no longer limited to analyzing the brain cognitive processes of interpreters，Instead, focus on the interpreters and the people involved in interpreting activities、Object、The organic interaction between place and thought，Therefore, the concept of "interpretation research" is increasingly established。Different languages ​​reflect different social and cultural characteristics，This will inevitably lead to differences in the working methods of interpreters of various languages。Recent，Zhang Ailing, Dean of the School of Advanced bet365 sign up bonus code and Interpretation at Shanghai International Studies University, cooperates with me，Co-edited two books on conference interpreting in China，And published by Routledge。"Conference Interpreting in China: Practice、Training and Research" introduces various studies on Chinese interpreting，especially research on conference interpretation，Also showcases diverse academic voices，Discussed different bet365 sign up bonus code issues。In "The Development of Conference Interpreting in China: An Insider's Perspective"，Dean Zhang and I reviewed the development of conference interpreting as a profession in China after the reform and opening up in the late 1970s。Professor Li Zhengren, Executive Dean of the School of bet365 sign up bonus code and Interpretation at Shanghai International Studies University, who wrote the preface to the book, emphasized，In 1979, China and the United Nations jointly held a United Nations interpreter training course at Beijing Foreign Studies University。Before this，Whether it is a training institution or past work practice，China does not regard bet365 sign up bonus code and interpretation as two different professional fields。As China’s activities in the United Nations gradually increase，Especially when you need to speak in Chinese on different occasions，China’s growing demand for interpreters trained by the United Nations Secretariat。1979，Beijing Foreign Studies University United Nations Interpreter Training Course has opened staff respectively、Training courses for translators and interpreters，The interpretation profession was born。

In recent years，Academic institutions like Shanghai International Studies University School of bet365 sign up bonus code and Interpretation continue to create space for academic dialogue on bet365 sign up bonus code studies。I have created a new series for Routledge titled East Asian Interpretation Studies，Organized Chinese (Mandarin、Cantonese and other dialects)、Japanese、Academic works on interpretation activities and theoretical discussions of Korean and other East Asian languages。This series presents the various interpreting activities and challenges of translating from East Asian languages ​​into European languages，And compares East Asian interpreting cultures and their intricate interrelationships。Today, when Western interpretation studies have matured，Scholars will turn to areas not covered by existing descriptive research，Looking for research inspiration。Interpretation research in East Asia has the greatest potential to open up new fields and construct new theories。

As an international conference interpreter，I feel a responsibility to broaden the scope of discussion in bet365 sign up bonus code scholarship，Introducing the research and practice of bet365 sign up bonus code in Italian and other important languages，Make academic discussions more international。Hopley Press is one of the most authoritative university textbook publishers in Italy，My research monograph on Italian-Chinese interpreting "Chinese Interpretation: Reflections、Strategies and Teaching Methods" will be published by the publishing house at the end of 2023，Palgrave Macmillan Publishers in the UK will publish the English version of the book，The Chinese version is published by a Chinese publishing house。I mentioned in the book，Italian and Chinese languages ​​belong to different language families，Thus also experienced independent evolutionary processes。In terms of the order of sentence components and the construction of language morphology，There are profound typological differences between Italian and Chinese languages。Not only that，Their respective users have inherited long histories and cultural traditions，These traditions will inevitably be reflected in the user’s organizational language、Express different aspects of thoughts and feelings。Therefore，For interpreters，Establishing “common ground” between two languages，Provide solutions to language problems，Looking for cultural references for mutual understanding，Having certain challenges。Considering the above difficulties，This book changes the Italian-Chinese interpreting textbook to focus only on interpreting exercises、The disadvantages of underestimating theoretical explanations，Focus on improving beginners’ oral theory level and cross-cultural communication skills。I think，Improving Chinese students in addition to English、French、Spanish、Professional interpreting skills in languages ​​other than major languages ​​such as Arabic，It is to cultivate first-class foreign language talents、An indispensable step for bet365 sign up bonus code talents and international comprehensive talents。

　　bet365 sign up bonus code shows the beauty of Chinese

《China Social Sciences Journal》: Both China and Italy have a long tradition of bet365 sign up bonus code，What influence do these excellent traditional resources have on the bet365 sign up bonus code methods and styles of scholars from the two countries？

Mo Ran:The bet365 sign up bonus code traditions of Italy and China have profoundly influenced the bet365 sign up bonus code styles and techniques of each other's scholars。While translating Chinese works，Italian scholars are often inspired by ancient Chinese literature and poetry，Strive to maintain the rhythm and rhythm of the original work，To respect the beauty of the original work。At the same time，Italian scholars tend to adopt a more literary bet365 sign up bonus code style，To express the emotion and beauty of Chinese works。2022，I spent more than a year translating Li Jingze's "Yong and Return" into Italian。In this book，Li Jingze’s dialogue with the ancients，From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Continue to modern times。From "Confucius" and "Mencius" to notebook novels，Li Jingze vividly narrates Chinese history and culture，Feel the rich spiritual world of the ancients，Missing the style of the ancients。Although the original work quotes a large number of ancient classics，But Chinese readers can feel the difference between the author's modern Chinese and the classical Chinese of the quotations。I am the translator，Must strive to create similar dichotomies in bet365 sign up bonus code，Let Italian readers be aware of the writing style that is completely different from the author's tone when reading classical Chinese。The first Italian bet365 sign up bonus code of Wang Guowei's "Human Words" was released on September 15, 2023。Before this，There are only two English translations with bet365 sign up bonus code problems on the market。I hope to use this work to show the beauty of Chinese poetry to Italian readers，includes internal rhythm、rhyming、Metric, etc.，So I spent a lot of time translating every sentence of a single word。Professor Wen Zheng of the School of European Languages ​​and Cultures of Beijing Foreign Studies University gave this free bet365 sign up bonus code a very high evaluation，Think this is "the most complete yet、The most faithful foreign language bet365 sign up bonus code"。Wen Zheng also said，It represents that “the tradition of cultural exchanges between China and Italy since Matteo Ricci has once again been perfectly confirmed and continued”。Italian and Chinese scholars should learn from each other when translating cross-cultural works、Respect the original work、Understand the cultural background、Pursuing accuracy，Contribute to promoting cross-cultural exchanges。

I fully discussed the importance of translators improving their native language skills in my collection of essays "Translating an Invisible Flower"。If you don’t get proper training，The mother tongue is easily forgotten by the translator just like the acquired language。The first step to improving bet365 sign up bonus code skills is not the improvement of foreign language skills，Rather practice reading in your mother tongue。The more books you read in your mother tongue，The translator’s bet365 sign up bonus code will be smoother。However，Improving Chinese proficiency requires translators to come up with another set of methods and another attitude。Learning Chinese requires immersive experience，In order to feel the philosophy of life and aesthetic value contained in Chinese characters。Chinese characters and Chinese language cover visuals、Audio and even philosophy，It is a physical sensation that activates various senses。I compare Chinese reading to the sensory resonance caused by words that goes beyond the text，Expresses the unique beauty of language。I picture bet365 sign up bonus code as a visual dialogue with ancient wise men，Describe interpreting as a musical symphony，Gives language-related work a deeper connotation，Highlights the diverse aspects of interacting with language。One of the reasons why I chose to work as both a translator and an interpreter，Just to immerse yourself in different aspects of a multi-sensory experience。Language is the gateway to cultural heritage and ways of thinking。Chinese is not just objective knowledge that can be learned with the head，It is the translator in life and culture、History，And the personal experience accumulated in the process of interaction with national ways of thinking。

　　Helping foreign teenagers know and understand bet365 sign up bonus code

"China Social Sciences Journal": You translated the book "Xi Jinping Storytelling" (Youth Edition)，Please tell us about your bet365 sign up bonus code experience。

Mo Ran:Every literary work is like a unique life form，Have unique style features。This requires the translator to be in awe，Treat them in a unique way。Give an example，“Transcreation” refers to the creation of a new fictional world that is similar but completely different。“Transcreation” is an important bet365 sign up bonus code strategy，But not necessarily applicable to all texts。a few years ago，I have the honor to translate "Xi Jinping Storytelling" (Youth Edition) into Italian，And published by Bologna University Press in 2019。While translating，I have great respect for the original text。In comparison，Translating Tang Sulan’s children’s books requires diverse bet365 sign up bonus code strategies，Includes adaptation and transcreation，Only so that children of the target culture can embrace this book as happily as Chinese young readers。Among many bet365 sign up bonus code techniques，The most important thing is to read the text to be translated repeatedly in Chinese，To become familiar with the author’s voice。Only by absorbing the author’s narrative style and the voices of different protagonists，Only translators can perform bet365 sign up bonus code work。bet365 sign up bonus code is not a simple bet365 sign up bonus code，More like a "re-creation"，This is the spirit of transcreation。

Translate "Xi Jinping Storytelling" (Youth Edition) into Italian，It is a political issue、Comprehensive work on multiple levels including culture and language，Somewhat challenging。First，There must be one person who is proficient in both Chinese and Italian languages，A professional bet365 sign up bonus code team with a deep understanding of China’s political system and culture，In order to ensure that the bet365 sign up bonus code accurately conveys the connotation of the original work。Secondly，In order to enable Italian readers to better understand and appreciate the ideas and storyline expressed in the original work，The translator put in a lot of effort during the bet365 sign up bonus code process，Refining vocabulary and phrases。Last，Political language often has a specific cultural and historical background。This requires the translator not to include any personal or group bias in the bet365 sign up bonus code process，To ensure that the bet365 sign up bonus code accurately conveys the content of the original work。

I think，The University of Bologna Press has largely positioned the bet365 sign up bonus code of "Xi Jinping Storytelling" (Youth Edition) as a bet365 sign up bonus code of a political text。In order to ensure the recognition and influence of this book in Italy，Quality of the bet365 sign up bonus code by the University of Bologna Press、There are extremely high requirements for accuracy and fluency。"Xi Jinping Storytelling" (Youth Edition) is not a necessary textbook，But some university professors consider it a useful reading material and reference book，Can help students understand General Secretary Xi Jinping more comprehensively，Enhance their knowledge and understanding of China。Before the Italian version of "Xi Jinping Storytelling" (Youth Edition) is released，Bologna University Press cooperated with China Children’s Publishing House in 2018，Translate Professor Han Yuhai’s works "Greatness Must Be Understood: Let’s Read Marx Together" and "Greatness Must Be Understood: Let’s Read Mao Zedong Together" into Italian。

　　Deepen the overseas communication channels of bet365 sign up bonus code culture

"China Social Sciences Journal": In recent years，What is the situation of publishing and dissemination of bet365 sign up bonus code works in Italy？

Mo Ran:Large commercial publishing houses do not pay much attention to the artistic value of literary works，They value more the economic benefits brought by publishing。Only those who have a strong interest in bet365 sign up bonus code culture，Or students who are passionate about bet365 sign up bonus code and bet365 sign up bonus code literature，Only then will I get involved in these works。Italian publishing houses are very concerned about the situation in the US book market。A work that sells well in the US market can easily be translated into other languages，usually translated from English，Sometimes not even directly translated from bet365 sign up bonus code。Although there are some exceptions，What I am discussing is a common trend。

The Chinese government has launched multiple bet365 sign up bonus code projects to support overseas publishing of Chinese literary works，This is undoubtedly very positive。But，This is not enough。As a disseminator of Chinese and Italian cultures，I have been working hard to provide Chinese writers with a platform to express their voices and display their works。For example，During the COVID-19 Pandemic，I interviewed many Chinese writers，Including Su Tong、Han Shaogong、Li Er、Lin Bai、Yan Lianke、Tang Sulan and others，And published these interviews in the Italian newspaper Manifesto，Help them increase their visibility。Many Italian readers are eager to be spoken by Chinese writers，Rather than mediated or distorted media representation，To enhance our understanding of Chinese literature。Currently，Xiao Bai's "Blockade" translated by me will be published in Italy。My other bet365 sign up bonus code work includes Li Er’s "Brother Yingwu" and "Cherrys on the Pomegranate Tree"、Su Tong's "Yellow Bird" and Tang Sulan's works，I hope to present more Chinese literary works to Italian readers in the future。In addition，I am also the editor-in-chief of the "Interdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Studies of Chinese Literature" series by Routledge Publishing。This series extensively explores the literary exchanges between Chinese writers and overseas Chinese writers、Global diffusion and reception of culture and bet365 sign up bonus code。

Foreigners must tell bet365 sign up bonus code stories well，First of all, we must deeply understand this story。For this，I have written two collections of bet365 sign up bonus code essays，Trying to think and write in a bet365 sign up bonus code context。I believe，Only by integrating into bet365 sign up bonus code culture，Only foreign translators can share high-quality bet365 sign up bonus code stories with the world。