Regional national learning is a complex and diverse discipline，It aims to understand the interaction and influence between countries in different regions。In order to effectively study the regional country's other issues，Researchers need to choose the right methodology，Considering the epidemic perspective of internal and external interaction in the research process。Internal and external interactive understanding of the perspective emphasizes the interaction between internal and external factors，This selection and application of regional countries provides useful enlightenment。

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Different from international political science，The characteristics of the country's country are characterized by not only focusing on the country's foreign policy，More focused on studying multiple aspects within the country，Including history、Politics、Economy、Culture, etc.。This extensive research scope allows regional countries to learn more about a country，and explore the connection and interaction with other countries from multiple dimensions。Although the content of regional countries is rich in content，But its goal is not just compiled the encyclopedia of the relevant country; on the contrary，It serves foreign policy for the current country。In this sense，The main target of regional national study research is still diplomatic or foreign policy。Therefore, understanding that a country is not because of the preference for Bet365 app download local customs under the framework of the regional country，or the interest of language and literature history，but to achieve closer contact between the country and the world，That is, by studying the situation of other countries，The country can better understand each other，Reduce misunderstanding and prejudice，Enhance cooperation and mutual trust，Finally promote the construction of the community of human destiny。

The country's foreign policy is not just a rational and similar behavior，Still a complex、Decision -making process involving a variety of factors。Traditional structuralist views often regard the country as a rational and similar behavior body，But the actual foreign policy of the country often memories with historical memories、Religious culture、Social structure、Decision makers characteristics and other elements are closely related，Therefore, especially in regional countries,，To understand the decision, you need to include more domestic political variables。

　　Internal and external policy interaction and multi -variable processing thinking 

The perspective of policy interaction internal and external policy brings many interactions between variables，Therefore, only from the external validity point of view，Regional countries are naturally facing the problem of "insufficient freedom"，That is, there are many variables and the samples are smaller。For example，On the basis of considering the external environment，plus domestic politics variables often have more than five optional variables，And some research did not even explain why it is selected from a dozen or more variables instead of other variables instead of other。The most basic Bet365 app download idea is to consider the observation value from the perspective of freedom from the perspective of freedom，That is, the sample itself is deeply excavated to make up for the lack of the number of samples。Observation value with the help of the cause and effect process is not a sample that some quantitative scholars say，Instead from the logic of the Boolean algebra to another kind of Bayesian logic。

Boolean is good at capturing causal relationships through changes in variables，The most common thing is the method of seeking differences in the Mill Five Law，that is to simulate the quasi -experimental status through minimizing differences，To increase the credibility of variables and theories。but，The disadvantage is that the freedom of the variable is very dependent on，It is impossible to deal with problems such as two cases but five variables。Regional country research，10-20 samples appear at the same time and 5-8 variables are not uncommon，At this time, qualitative comparative analysis and other methods will come in handy。But even qualitative comparative analysis has great problems，Because the calculated solution cannot display the mechanism，Then its meaning is greatly reduced。and Bayes logic rely on those specific evidence to show the relationship between variables，Clarify the role played by the causal mechanism to play in different stages and levels。Research based on internal validity is more in -depth for the use of samples，Because in the assignment of external validity，State (both Sri Lanka or the United States) are just a value，The difference is just a problem with value，Internal observation shows the formation process of specific people and policies。The advantage Bet365 app download of research based on internal validity is，As long as you have enough historical materials, you can get a large amount of causal process observation value，Researchers need to unify many useful variables in the complicated data in a small amount of causal mechanism。Mechanism -oriented research also makes the process of internal and external decision -making internal and external decision -making itself can be theoretical，For example, Tang Shiping divides this process into evaluation、Decision、Mobilization and execution four stages，Taking this mechanism as the core mechanism or framework，can establish a mechanism explanation faster，Examine various internal and external factors、How to promote variables through various auxiliary mechanisms、Obstacles、Acceleration、Delay this process。The observation value of the above causal process mentioned above is to provide all kinds of related、Effective or sufficient evidence to test the effectiveness of the above mechanism。Researchers initially existed with two or more competitive mechanisms hypothesis，For example, if a big country is unwilling to use nuclear weapons in conflict, it is based on interest considerations、External pressure still exists "nuclear taboos"，Researchers can pass the logic of Bayesian，Subjective confidence in various types of competitive interpretation in the face of new evidence，Until some decisive evidence enables one of the mechanisms to "win"。

　　The necessity of causal mechanism and cross -case research 

Although the process tracking and emphasizing the causal mechanism can help clarify the interaction of regional countries' research and domestic and foreign policies，but，This does not mean that cross -case research is extra，This is also an Bet365 app download important difference between regional countries' research and pure historical research。Because the effectiveness of the causal mechanism needs to be observed in different cases，The mechanism displayed by the process tracking needs (in multiple cases) external validity can it reflect its value。

Therefore, we advocate a case -based case research method，In this way, the importance of multiple cases is emphasized，Especially the common use of path cases and semi -negative case cases，Relying on positive opposition ratio to enhance the explanation of theory。When looking for or inspecting the mechanism，You need to control the consistency of time and space，Reduce the interference of factors such as situations，and in several cases near the maximum similar conditions to achieve the "control" of the mechanism。Specifically，The path case refers to a case that shows the entire cause and effect process and makes the positive results appear，and half -negative case cases are cases of causal mechanisms in half and cannot appear positive results，jointly tested the theory of mechanism。For example，Many policies in the process of policy interaction internal and foreign policy interaction，It is necessary to compare the results of different countries in the various stages of the mechanism in the type of the type，For example, in evaluation、Decision、How to mobilize and execute how specific factors are "antagonists"。Usually，Comparison of positive and negative cases to effectively "capture" mechanism。The former refers to the above four stages to be effectively executed，Make the core mechanism a complete "expression"，so as to achieve the effect of foreign policy better，The latter refers to because of specific bet365 best casino games factors (such as lack of elite consensus、Bulletin resistance、Not enough national capabilities、Interference of external powers、Decision makers have misunderstood mistakes, etc.), which led to one or more in the four stages，So that the policy that had the opportunity to succeed was finally defeated。

What needs to be pointed out is，Although in different cases，The activated mechanism may be very different，But the overall framework of the interaction of internal and external interaction (that is, the four steps above) is basically the same。Using a case of biology for analogy is，Although the cases of biological evolution in different time and air are rich，but did not surpass mutation -selection -hereditary framework。The decision -making of a strong country may be considered its global deployment and competition，and a large number of domestic political factors，and the decision -making mechanism of the weak country may come from a more cautious survival crisis or the international situation that is completely unable to get rid of it。Although the power of the strong country has more information、stronger mobilization and execution ability，You can even be more "willful" or irrational when facing unlikely safety issues，Decisions of the weak country are more constrained by external forces，But these are limited to the differences between variables and auxiliary mechanisms，The core decision process is still the same。

This huge scenario and type differences actually set off the effectiveness of the above framework and the broad side。But to a greater extent, the role of the above framework，instead of being an abstract analysis framework，Control time consistency in specific empirical research is Bet365 lotto review necessary，Because it helps to discover and test the specific mechanisms and variables shared in the decision -making in a specific situation，This will help understand the characteristics of other foreign policy features in specific regional countries。

　 (Author is an associate researcher at the Institute of International Issues of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)