The historical materialism born in the 19th century is a great change in the history of human philosophy，Its generation history runs through the overall understanding and interpretation of Marx Engels based on the practice of modern industrial practice，Both history and philosophy dual -directional。History of materialism is inherited、Criticism and transcendence of the reasonable form built by the "overall historical view" tradition of "general historical philosophy" represented by Hegel，The revolution of its "general historical philosophy" lies in "return the content of history to history"，It is a overall historical philosophy based on the production practice of "realistic individuals"，Realizing the scientific answer to the development of human society development。

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History is a practical history of "real individual" based on material production。Marx Engels from "Human Activity" understands that "history" is different from historiography to a certain degree of "historic facts".，It is also different from "general historical philosophy" to the use of absolute spiritual structure outside history，Instead of confirming the existence and essence of history from the practice of the master and object of history，That is, the "historical history of reality" with society as a whole。Based on this，"German Ideology" further stipulates that "history can be examined from two aspects，It can be divided into natural and human history "。Understand the historical process with the "Practice" of new materialism，Change the view of religious history in the history of western history and philosophy、Geographical History View、Bet365 lotto review History History View、The view of rational history, etc.，pointed out that the history of human society is the "natural historical process"。This view of history understands "history" as "natural historical" and "historical naturalization" practical interoperability process，It means that the development of natural history and human history is not an abstract process of activities that leave people，but to people、Natural、The overall interpretation of the relationship between society。

Natural History and Human History is an external homogeneous atmosphere on the basis of practice。Engels used to be based on the latest scientific progress of the 19th century，Introduce "time of time" into nature，Origin from the universe、Origin of the Earth、The origin of the origin of life and the origin of the origin of human beings outlines the scientific picture of the evolution of nature。Human history is like the history of natural crafts，"How to form the organ of the production tool in the life of the animals and plants"。Animal and plant organs generate in interaction with the natural environment，It is a diversified process that does not take people's will as a transfer，Human history also presented as "native、Born、Regeneration and other types "，It is manifested as a diverse historical state。

Natural History and Human History are inherent homogeneous in the historical law on the practice。This is based on the historical inevitable homogeneity of "material transformation" of man and nature，It is also manifested as two complex situations: one is the "general significance" of human history and the laws of natural history，The material production relationship between man and nature is the internal connection with a certain social condition，The social relationship between people is the in -depth development of the relationship between people and natural production。People are born through labor，This is not only because labor can produce the material transformation relationship between people bet365 best casino games and nature，The deeper level is that people produce a series of social relations due to the cooperative relationship in labor。The other is the "special significance" of historical laws and natural laws。As a specific historical form in human history，A state of opposition between people and nature in capitalist society，Human history "as if" under the dominance of capital logic is unconscious as natural history、Blind、mechanical sports。By separated from reality、Human history that is not restricted by objective laws has already become a natural history of "defense" that has become a bourgeois ideology.。Eliminate the "alienation" state between human history and natural history must return to the ability of historical subjects，People have expanded from people and natural relationships to people's social relationships in material data production，and the organic unity of the relationship between people and nature and people in labor。

　　The two -way penetration direction of history and the future 

Marx Engels' solution to "where to go capitalist society" is performed in the time coordinate of "past -present -future"。Science as a science of the historical process of human society，Historical Materialism Time Perspective has a complete historical flow，The discovery of the new world and the "Future Acting" contained in the old world as the old world is the place where the historical materialism is transcended，It is also the value of the value constructed by the new historical concept。As Karl said，"Only when the past and the future establish a continuous continuous coherent，History only gains meaning and objectivity "。This new philosophy facing the future is not "utopia" empty imagination，Instead, the overall grasp of the logic of historical movement based on practice，Both the criticism and inheritance of the achievements of historical civilization in the past，Scientific foreseeable foreseeable foreseeing for future bet365 live casino games pictures，The overall cognition of historical laws in the logical chain of "Explanation -Criticism -Foresee"。

Marx Engels' general grasp of history is the overall grasp of "historical time"，not delay in individual、Intowacy、outer time fragment，and use a large number of occasional incidents to open a road for historical inevitable。The complex situation of historical time requirements Establish a "reflection" thinking method to improve cognitive consciousness，That is, Hegel’s "Reflection with the content of thought itself，Strive for thought consciously as thinking "。Marx Engels is inheriting Hegel's reflection and reflection、Negative denying process thinking methods，Also uses "practical reflection" to reflect and transform its "speculation and reflection"。"Practical Reflection" advocates "Adopting Roads with the opposite actual development"，Grasp the social morphological regulations with a certain economic relationship under a certain time and space conditions，Reappear the existence of the existence of the existence of the existence of the existence of the existence of the existence。

Pay attention to the new philosophy of the future to link the logic of historical development with the Communist Real Movement。Communist realization is productivity and production relationship、The contradiction movement between the economic foundation and the upper -level buildings in the extension of historical space -time，The fundamental promotion force that constitutes historical progress and development。The proletariat participated in the practice of creating the future，Ideological guidance and spiritual support for historical materialism。Historical materialism is a future -oriented philosophy in the historical time dimension，Both the overall grasp of historical laws in social practice，Through scientific methods to judge the trend of historical development，It is a unity of scientific and foresight。

　　Linking of the interaction of national history and world history 

The overall process and trend of standing in the world history grasp the national history。19th -century major industrial production、International division of labor、The capitalist trading market is not only an international background for historical materialism，It has become the content of its "world history" vision。The so -called "World History"，In the face of the bourgeoisie, "pioneering the world market，The real situation of the production and consumption of all countries is worldwide "，Ethnic countries through universal communication，Enter the mutually dependent state，History of the world's overall or "integration"。Focus on the UK in the early days、France、Germany and other Western European countries，Since then to Poland、Spain、Follow the Dutch and other European countries，or even the old age to Russia、India、China and other inspections，Marx Engels has not limited its eyes to the national history of the "European Center History"，Instead, always adhere to the world history of the national history of "overflowing" national history，Grasp the overall process of world history covered by East and Western society with a global perspective。World History has become mutually dependent between the history of various ethnic groups、Interaction、The overall system that affects each other。

Based on the development of national history, see the internal essence of the world history。Marx Engels examines the possibility and reality of socialist roads on the road of socialism in the "Kafotin Canyon" on the "Kafotin Canyon" of Russia, which reviews economic backwardness "depends on its own production and the development of its own internal and external exchanges".。This indicates that the diversity of the development of national history does not constitute a negation of the law of world history development，The laws of historical bet365 Play online games development are not "expired" because of the particularity of national history，The key to understanding the problem is "Moving the historical conditions at that time anytime, anywhere"。This undoubtedly shows the practicality of historical materialism、Dialectic、Historical features，The view of nature、Time View、Development concept and other specific doctrines are interlocking in the middle and space coordinates set in world history。

The interaction between national history and world history is promoted to a world history spirit。Different from Hegel's world history of the unity of "World History"，Historical materialism based on human practice on the macro of the capitalist world system，The theory and practice of critical capitalist private ownership see through the revolutionary and critical spirit，Against the overall observation of national and world history。The attention of the overall history of human destiny determines that Marx Engels watched history from the perspective of world history，and combined with the actual development of the contemporary world's developed and underdeveloped coexistence, the meaning of the era，The combination of theory and practice is indeed a revolution in the history of thought。

In short，Historical materialism realizes the inherent homogeneity of "History of Nature -Human History" in historical content，Realize the two -way penetration of "past -present -future" in historical time，Realize the two -way regulations of "National -World" in historical space，The historical history of the three -dimensional historical heritage is unified、Diverse、Open features。The "big historical view" on the basis of this practice obviously has become an important ideological resource for the Chinese Communist Party to govern the country.，The theme and essence of the century -old historical development，Highlight Marxism in promoting Chinese -style modernization、bet365 live casino games Constructing a new form of human civilization to ensure the correct direction of the development of world history，Make Marxism shine in the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics，Open the new historical picture of the age of Sinicization of Marxism。

　 (The author is a doctoral student at the School of Marxism College of Renmin University of China)