bet365 champions league、Science and practice are the three levels of the relationship between man and the world，It is also the basis and motivation for research and development of Marxist philosophy。Marxist philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times，The contemporary spirit of the times is deeply contained in contemporary bet365 champions league、In science and practice。Generating around bet365 champions league、The social epistemology of scientific practice research not only effectively promotes the combination of Marxist philosophy and real life，It also effectively guides contemporary people’s bet365 champions league policy research。Everyone knows，Since Descartes sounded the clarion call for the epistemological turn，Epistemology has become the oldest castle in the field of philosophy，Over three hundred years，Masters gather，Many schools，Various opinions，This makes it particularly difficult to sort out the purpose and development of epistemological theory，It requires profound philosophical skills and academic patience，As far as the epistemological development of the 20th century alone goes through positivism、Interpretivism、Criticism、Experimentalism, etc.，The disputes of opinions and academic disputes between these schools have set a bright stage for the development of philosophy, especially epistemology, in the 20th century。The shift from naturalized epistemology to social epistemology promotes the transformation of epistemology into epistemology，In the era of big science，bet365 champions league is increasingly becoming an institutionalized product，From this，The perspective of discussion has gone beyond the scope of ordinary bet365 champions league，Entering the field of scientific policy research on bet365 champions league，The policy dimension of social epistemology has begun to become an important research content and has begun to become noticeable。

The emergence of social epistemology，It is a completely new challenge for academia。How to objectively view and evaluate such a social epistemology？How to build a theoretical framework and select many materials，Reasonably organize the evolution of epistemology from narrow spectrum to broad spectrum？The author once stubbornly believed，From the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century，Traditional epistemology has not achieved many achievements，With the sociology of bet365 champions league from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century、The development of scientific sociology，Some new social elements have begun to gradually penetrate into the existing academic field of epistemology，The extension of epistemology has begun to be significantly expanded；1960s to 1980s，With the powerful explosion of sociology of scientific bet365 champions league，Social epistemology officially entered the historical stage and began to become the protagonist of epistemology。In this sense，The emergence of social epistemology is not premature，It is the inevitable result that comes naturally。From a broader perspective，The evolution from traditional epistemology to social epistemology is also consistent with the evolution of science from small science to big science，This evolution also heralds the change of bet365 champions league production model from individual to collective at the practical level，This change changes the policy、Specification、Social elements such as interests and defense are embedded in the entire bet365 champions league production chain，Traditional epistemology can never go back。

According to Professor You Yang’s new book "Research on the Social Dimension of bet365 champions league and Contemporary Social Epistemology"，An important social dimension contained in social epistemology is the scientific policy research on bet365 champions league。The famous American philosopher Steve Fuller, whom the author has followed, created a research path focusing on bet365 champions league policy in the name of social epistemology，The introduction of his earliest academic journal "Social Epistemology: A Journal of bet365 champions league Culture and Policy" is that it "provides a forum for philosophical and social science inquiry，This forum combines the work of scholars from a variety of disciplines，The production of bet365 champions league by these scholars、Evaluation and verification have widespread focus。This journal covers empirical research on the origins and diffusion of bet365 champions league and normative considerations for conducting such research，And serve as a guide to contemporary intellectual endeavors”。It can be seen from this，Fuller’s social epistemology is mainly a scientific policy study of bet365 champions league，The main task is to coordinate normative research on epistemology and empirical research on the sociology of bet365 champions league。He sees social epistemologists as bet365 champions league policymakers，Be able to provide necessary and meaningful guidance for the improvement of cognitive activities in the allocation of cognitive labor。For Fuller，Social epistemology is primarily concerned with the organization of bet365 champions league production processes，and how the distribution of cognitive labor is established to achieve defined goals，Thus he discusses the central issue of social epistemology as focusing on how to organize cognitive activities。According to this understanding，Social epistemology is “an intellectual movement with broad interdisciplinary origins，It attempts to reconstruct the epistemological problem，Once bet365 champions league is seen as inherently social。It is usually regarded as the scientific policy of philosophy or the normative faction of scientific research"。Fuller is very prominent among many social epistemology researchers，Derived from his normative research，Also because the purpose of his research is to guide the entire scientific practice，For example, the management of science and universities、Repositioning of scientific research institutions。Similar to most philosophers concerned with epistemology，Fuller's claim that bet365 champions league is produced through social practices and what counts as bet365 champions league should be more than descriptive，And it should be a normative study。

In fact，Fuller regards social epistemology more as a normative scientific policy research，Even looking at bet365 champions league production from a normative perspective，Will Science、The public and norms are connected。As the research deepens，People gradually realize that science is a social system，In order to better play its role，It needs to be governed by a set of rules followed by members of the science，It also needs to be coordinated with many other institutional areas，For this purpose it is essential to clarify the inner workings of the scientific system in the context of democratic demands，This forms the source of scientific policy research on bet365 champions league。This understanding naturally refutes three questions，First，Science is an autonomous system。The image of “autonomous” science conveniently isolates science from society，And closed the door to the public。Second，Scientific production of public goods。Long time，Science elaborated as a system of production and distribution of public goods，However this is controversial。First，What are the public goods provided by science，Is it research results, reliable bet365 champions league or truth；Secondly，What kind of public goods are they?，Is it an inherent public good brought about by research or a public good produced by the system。Third，Science is characterized as an activity with certain epistemic advantages。The scientific system establishes norms，That is, all decisive steps and approved results must be made public，But whether the advantages of such understanding can satisfy the normative choice，How to ensure their epistemological advantages？Therefore, scientific policy research on bet365 champions league becomes a reasonable choice for social epistemology，And this perspective gives us a new perspective on bet365 champions league production。

The author once gave a "Sociology of Science" course to graduate students，Indicates from the sociology of bet365 champions league、In the development process from the sociology of science to the sociology of scientific bet365 champions league (SSK)，We can see social factors in bet365 champions league production、The degree and role of involvement in confirmation and defense are gradually increasing。For example，The sociology of bet365 champions league only focuses on the external social conditions of bet365 champions league production but not on the system and content of bet365 champions league production，The sociology of science only focuses on the impact of scientific institutions on bet365 champions league production、Recognition and allocation functions，When it comes to the sociology of scientific bet365 champions league, it goes deep into the content of scientific bet365 champions league，Think that bet365 champions league is constructed，This process is influenced by powers such as、Benefits、The strong influence of many social factors such as class and gender。In this sense，The emergence and development of social epistemology is the inevitable development of the times，Determined by the characteristics of scientific development in the era of big science，There is also the rise of the sociology of scientific bet365 champions league in the 1970s and 1980s and the strong influence of social trends such as feminism。It is in this sense，The social epistemology advocated by Fuller, that is, the scientific policy research on bet365 champions league, elevates the above ideas to a new level。In this sense，Not only the generation and transmission of bet365 champions league are social，The organization of bet365 champions league and even the entire scientific practice are also social。

　 (The author is a researcher at the Institute of bet365 champions league History and bet365 champions league Culture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University)