Folk Song，As an ancient folk literature form，Since the pre -Qin Dynasty, I have been full of vitality。During the development of 5,000 years in China，Folk songs are based on reality、Emotional sincere and the source of living water created by literati。Start with the Book of Songs · Guofeng，Folk Songs singing men and women's sincere love、Stranging Feng Jian's ruling class horizontal convergence、Many aspects of the social life of the people，A lot of handed down works have been produced。A song "Confinement Candid Photo" has been singing since the Southern Song Dynasty，How many thoughts do you think of love! Therefore，There have been no shortage of importance and collecting folk songs，Especially in the Ming Dynasty，The people of insight even raised the folk song to poetry with "I am a must"、Word、Status comparable to the song，Folk songs also become Li Mengyang with the creation of their true feelings、Yuan Hongdao、Feng Menglong and others' ideological tools to improve the style。

But，Since the Qing Dynasty，Folk songs have been caught in "impact anxiety"。On the one hand，The Qing Dynasty folk songs followed the features of the "Private Love" of the Ming Dynasty folk songs，There are countless chapters of singing male and female love acacia。On the other hand，Due to the influence of the drama，A large number of opera stories、plot and even vocabulary enter folk songs，The elegance tendency of "Actual Songs into the Song" is very obvious。Of course，The singleization of the content and style caused by the interest preferences of the folk song recorder，It does not represent the overall situation of the Qing Dynasty folk songs。Just，From the perspective of the Qing Dynasty folk songs that are currently bet365 best casino games circulated，The subject matter is rigid and indeed very serious。This situation did not change until modern times，and formed a new peak of the development of folk songs (including the folk song) in the late Qing Dynasty to the early 20th century。

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The biggest feature of modern folk songs is，Not only restores the diversity and richness of the content，And also conforms to the opening of the people、The trend of the era of rescue map。

Related to it，The practical significance and irony of folk songs are valued again。Xianfeng Eleven Years (1861)，Liu Yusong pointed out when making "Ancient Whals"，The rumor saying "reaches the love and declare virtue", "The relationship is pinned，Combining with the Feng Ya Shi "," Listen to the public and discrete the words of the people "。Although this argument is not fresh，However, compared to the 60th year of Qianlong (1795), Wang Tingshao's editor's "Nigeria Continuation" is "with love words and beautiful people", "entertainment for sao humanities", "ears of pleasant flow" (Shengan "Niguan Continue Continuing Spectrum ")，During the Jiaqing period, Hua Guangsheng's "White Snow" is also in "the private" of "children's private" and "the divorce of the show.，The Yourself of the Young Ke "(Hua Guangsheng's" Bai Xue Rain Prosperity ")，Liu Yusong's reality of the people's songs，It undoubtedly has the meaning of Mu Duo golden sound。Since then，Editors of modern folk song collection，Gradually attach importance to the satirical function of folk songs，Like the Eight Years of Governance (1869), "Tiansi Collection" edited by Zheng Xudan，Emphasize the folk song "Experience Humanity，Detailed physical，Fantastic words and Zhuangzhuo can not listen to，and the "Slanges of the Village to Promote" by the fake village "to make a foozette wake up"，Think that nursery rhymes can "self -police people，Inconsistent，To trigger "。Diversified content of modern folk songs is also closely bet365 best casino games related to people's understanding of the actual role of folk songs。If Liang Qichao, who accepts Huang Zunxian's proposal, uses the "Miscellaneous Ballad" column to publish a very realistic role in the "New Fiction".。"Embroidered Novels" created by Guangxu 29th (1903)，"Singing Singing，Extract You Yi "(" The Starting of Embroidery and Embroidered Novels in this Museum ") opened a column of" Time Singing "，Published a lot of enlightenment songs。

1945 Wang Jizhang edited "Anti -Japanese War Ballad"，With the help of folk song "moving power"，"Instructions for knowing the mass of Volkswagen，The power of the emotion of the excitement must be great "，So "work for the Anti -Japanese War，Add a new force "(" Wars Ballad ")。lyric and irony is the two most basic functions of folk songs，It's like "Bird's Wings，Two Rings of the Car "，It is also the fundamental reason for the ballads。

　　wide spread  Diverse ways

The characteristics of modern folk songs are the second is，Methods and ways of folk songs changed。Before modern，Folk Songs take oral circulation and song field spread as the main form，Few parts of copy or literati collection and scoring into a collection。Since modern times，A large number of folk song literatures that have been reserved allow us to have a new understanding of its way of spreading。On the one hand, traditional handwriting、Woodcut is still the main way to spread folk songs，Bookstore、Book Club becomes the main salesperson of this kind of folk song。If the "Hundred Ben Zhang Zhang" who claims to be in the Qianlong period，That is, a large number of folk songs were released as manuscript。and Beijing Fan Factory Study Gunantang、Liuli Factory Jusu Tang，Yangzhou Jushengtang，Suzhou Hengzhi Book Society, etc., is a special campaign book workshop engraved in one -to -one。On the other hand，With the stone seal、The use of lead printing technology，Modern publishing industry centered on Shanghai bet365 Play online games began to compile and publish folk songs for the general collection，If the cooperation bookstore of Shanghai in the early 20th century、Global Book Bureau、Shen He Ji Ji Chi has published a series of folk songs such as "Time Tune", "Time Tune Guide", "Latest Time Tune"。These hand -copy、Woodcut、stone seal、Folk Songs spread by lead printing，Show the huge market for folk songs consumption in modern times。At the same time，With the emergence of newspapers、Founding of the new school and the rise of the Western Singing Law，The communication channels and channels of folk songs have been further expanded。Like "Embroidery Like Novels", "Ningbo Vernacular News", "Jiangsu Abao", "Anhui Words", and later "Literature", "Oriental Monthly", "Women's Magazine", "Beijing Morning News", etc.，Both are the positions published by folk songs and people's songs。

The first month of the 30th year of Guangxu，The Qing government promulgated the "Articles of Articles of the Ding Ding School"，Mark the beginning of modernization education。Although the charter is "different Chinese and Western etiquette，Establishment of female and female teachers' schools in inconvenience "，But "intends to combine the unity of Mongolian Centers and Family Education" to promote women's education，Then there are Jiangxi people Wu Zhaoyao wrote "Xiali Ballad" (1905) "It will enable all villagers to recite their words and know that they can teach women"。This move edited "Singing Textbooks" with influence of Japan (Single School Songs Light Explanation、Chinese Situation Song、Military Song three parts) Zhang Zhidong is almost at the same time，But it was published a year earlier than Zhang Shu。With the establishment of the new school, Western Singing (Academy Lege)，It is also usually used in the form of folk songs to write lyrics and with music，Therefore, I hope to achieve the purpose of improving national quality by teaching。This period，There are also Bet365 app download organized singing teams in the society，Ru Liangmo's "People Singing Club" created in Shanghai (1935)，They often use the form of traditional folk songs，Such as "Wuxi Scenery", "Four Seasons", "Five more adjustments", "Ten Cup Wine", "December" and other forms，Organization and propaganda songs related to the anti -Japanese。

　　Employment in "Chinese Studies"  Nourishing Literature

With the deep popularity of scientific thought，Folk Song Collection Work Day is increasingly valued，The study of folk songs in the modern sense is gradually emerging。Published "Beijing Ballad" (1896) and the New Culture Movement in the Italian，Folk songs have jumped into college from the vulgar object of the unobacular church and are regarded as "Chinese studies"，This is the result of the most famous Peking University "Ballad Movement" since modern times。With the support of Cai Yuanpei, then President of Peking University，A collection of "Ballads" Weekly (1927 with "Folk Literature and Art" and later "Folk Customs" Weekly as the relay) of "Ballad" Weekly (1918-1937). Masterpiece，Famous scholar Qian Xuantong、Shen Jishi、Li Jiarui、Liu Bannong、Hu Shi、Gu Jiegang、Zhou Zuoren、Dong Zuobin、Fu Sinian、Zhu Ziqing、Zheng Zhenduo、Wei Jiangong、Zhong Jingwen、Lou Zi Kuang, etc., all play an important role in this event。"Ballad" and other publications on the one hand have made a huge contribution to retaining the folk song literature since modern times，On the other hand, it has become the academic cradle of modern folk song research and folklore research，Its meaning and influence are very far -reaching。People from content classification、Form of expression、Language、Folklore、Religious Teaching、Sociology and other multiple angles、Multi -disciplinary research folk songs。"Ballad and Women" edited by Liu Jingye (1925)、"Collection of Ballad theory" edited by Zhong Jingwen (1927)、Zhu Ziqing's "Chinese Bet365 lotto review Ballad" (1929) The foundation of the founding of folk songs is the product in this context。It is worth noting that，Ballad Movement will distinguish the vulgar songs of "Africa" ​​with "Africa"，Of course, this is not to notice that many ingredients adapted from the vulgar songs have been mixed in the vulgar song，But all the vulgar songs are excluded outside the folk song，But the theory is too strict，After all, a large number of small songs in vulgar songs are folk songs。Fortunately, the collection of vulgar songs is Liu Bannong、Li Jiarui、Zheng Zhenduo、Zhao Jingshen、Fu Xihua、Nagasawa rules also、Zetian Ruisui and others insist，They can stay until today。

Under the understanding of folk songs for the source of literature and art，Folk Songs once again become the power source and "nutritional soil" for literary changes and national music development。In the wave of the construction of the new culture movement,，Folk Songs first rushed into the focus of people discussed，And Liu Bannong's "Wa Rubu Collection" and "Whipping Collection" appeared new poems written by folk songs。Although people have mixed up to imitate folk songs to create new poems，But drawing nutrients from folk songs，"The creation of new poems with folk songs must be combined with folk songs" (Rong Zhaozu's "Recalling" Ballad "and" Folk Customs "")，But it is a main sound。and in the music industry，From Ellai to singing old words to singing new songs，Then go to Lu Yan、冼 Xinghai and others believe that new music is required，We must pay attention to the reference and absorption of folk songs，I believe that "many treasures and references can be discovered from the materials of folk songs" (冼 Xinghai "Folk Songs and China Emerging Music"。

"Ballad Literature，Push and move with the world "(Liu Ye's" Wenxin Eagle Dragon · Time ")，Faced with the folk songs that have been "unrelated in thousands of years" and "feeling for thousands of years" in modern times "，and take the East Wind bet365 best casino games of Enlightenment and New Culture Movement，Entering the palace of "Chinese Studies" research。People understand the understanding and status of folk songs，The emphasis on "Literature and Art in Bud Status" (Mao Zedong's Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium)，It has continued to this day。

(this article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "Ming and Qing Dynasties' Songs Ballad Evidence and Research and Electronic Library Construction" (15zdb078) phase results)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Nanjing Normal University)