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"Art" and "History": Pette's criticism writing

June 12, 2020 00:56 Source: "China Social Sciences" June 12, 2020, No. 1946, author: Chen Shuhuan

　　Walter Pett as a well -known art critic in the second half of the 19th century，His criticism of the Renaissance has a unique spiritual content and form expression。Compared to the art critic of the 19th -century English world, Rosekin，and 19th -century German world art historian Buckerhart，Pet's criticism writing looks less splendid and eye -catching，But has some stronger individualized aesthetic expression and tendencies for historical consciousness。Examination of its artistic concept，It helps us to understand the relationship between the 19th century art theory and historical consciousness。

　　From "history" to "art and poetry"

　　The research results of Pitter's Revitalization of the Renaissance were published in 1873，The book is called "Research on the History of Renaissance"，It is mainly compiled by the essay articles he published in the newspaper before。Starting from the second edition of 1877，The title of the book is changed to "Renaissance: Research on Art and Poetry" (hereinafter referred to as "Renaissance")，At the same time, there are structural local adjustments，If the conclusion is deleted, part of the assertion of the body as aesthetics and human freedom。1888，Published on the third edition of the book，The conclusion part is restored，and added a chapter of the "Jorcho Painting School"。1893，Published on the bet365 live casino games fourth edition。Among these four versions，The fourth edition is the most widely circulated，It is generally considered to be the fixed manuscript that is closest to his thoughts，For example，A Pet theory of Raphael's article。Clark pointed out，Pete's book "Slowly flowing sentences produced a revolution that is not easy to detect in the hearts of thousands of young people"。At least in the UK，The situation is like this。

　　Volume through Pat's description，We see that his Renaissance is a "diverse but unified movement"，This is a emphasis on the emotional freedom of the Renaissance，and the mainstream aesthetic rationalization or moralization theory of the mainstream in Victoria in the United Kingdom，Different from the art and cultural concepts of Roskin and Arnold。Here here，"Look" as "the desire of the eyes" and directly perceive，Not a kind of intelligent or ideological grasp。

　　At the same time，What needs attention is，In the case where the content of each version is basically unchanged，The first edition of the book is called "Research on the History of Renaissance"，From the second edition to "Renaissance: Research on Art and Poetry"。The most obvious and most exploring is the word "history".。According to scholar research，Reasons for the change of the title，Mainly in the criticism of the first edition，The word "history" in the title of the book is simply misleading，The most lacking and weak part of the book is "history"。So renamed after the second edition，It seems to respond to criticism in a change of name，Highlight the bet365 live casino games key points。The question is，Petter changes the title of the title under the pressure of criticism，Between Pete's historical consciousness and public historical concept，What kind of tension does it continue to exist? further，From "History" to "Art"，What did the later researchers see it?

　　Knowing the historical understanding of the Renaissance

　　In a "On Style" in 1888，Pet pointed out the inseparable relationship between expression content and form，"Unique words、phrases、Sentence、paragraph、Article or Song，A single psychological expression or visual perception that is exactly suitable for it "。This can be regarded as a deep cognition of Pette's "Renaissance" as "history"。

　　Roskin pointed out，Art as a "recorder of character" instead of "recorder of the incident"，Have more real humanistic care。Buckerhart thinks，Individual historians provided only one of the "different pictures" on the ocean sea，Therefore, holding a cautious exploration attitude。Patt's "Renaissance" continues Roskin -style criticism，Its tendency is Buckerhart's emotional identity，That is。and Pat "Renaissance" in the most unique expression of historical consciousness，It is reflected in the chapter of the book "Winkerman"。

　　Well knows，Winkerman lives in the 18th century，Greek ideals，Writing ancient art history，But in Pette, he is attributed to the Renaissance，It is "the last fruit of the Renaissance，and explain the motivation and purpose of the Renaissance in a striking way "。Here，Pett puts Winkerman and 15th -century humanist Bet365 app download in "close connection in the soul"，Together belongs to the "complete" era of Renaissance。From the general historical installment rules，The classification of Pet is obviously inconsistent with common sense。or not whether the reason for Pette's defense is true，It can be seen from it that Pette's stage stages of the Renaissance are different from traditional narrative history，It is also different from the staged cognition of Renki and Buckerharrt in the Renaissance。Pet shows his more individualized and psychological historical consciousness。In the description of the study and art history of Winkelman in Petter，The comparison and communication of the poet Goode as a core element。between Germany in the north and Italy in the south，Between the past Renaissance and the current romanticism，Golita's transcendence and Winkerman's return，Interweater gathers in Pette to History、Unique thinking of geography and time。

　　Discovery Journey: Da Vinci's "Fun"

　　Under the historical situation of Britain and Europe in the 19th century，Patt's "Renaissance" description of Da Vinci can be said to be a "discovery journey"。In the era of Pitter writing，British culture and ideological world's acceptance of Da Vinci is far less than our general respect for Da Vinci today。Roskin affirmed the outstanding techniques of Da Vinci in painting skills such as light and dark，But in terms of artistic effects，But I have more doubts about Da Vinci、Places that are puzzled and negative。In "Mona Lisa" painting，Roskin believes that Da bet365 live casino games Vinci's performance on its mysterious smile and mysterious landscape behind，"，It has a "impact of unfortunate" on art。Pet also noticed this，But his evaluation is just the opposite of Roskin。Pet pointed out that the fun of the "strange" or "carving" in the landscape first appeared in Da Vinci's work，Such as "The Virgin of the Rock", "Mona Lisa", "San Anna"。Compared with other artists during the Renaissance，If Raphael returns to ancient aesthetic ideals，Da Vinci's interest on "Strange Beauty" "more reflects thinking about the world、 Concepts and some designs "。This is a return to mysterious nature。Pet believes that Da Vinci's intuition in this regard is even a great Dan Dan;，but as the "infinite curiosity" of nature and human nature as the representative soul of the Renaissance，Therefore, an exploration expression between "curiosity and desire for beauty"。

　　In this regard，Pete quoted the perspective of French 19th -century historian Mishlai，Think of other artists in the same period，Da Vinci "More expectant modern concepts"。and Buckerhart hold a similar judgment as Roskin，Although the two of them have a huge difference in the overall cognition of the Italian Renaissance。Buckerhart found the signs of the decline of the Renaissance in Da Vinci's work，I believe that its creation is too dependent on "Scenic Assistance"，Its genius "step into the fantasy change"，So there is a worry -free "dream effect"。

　　Roskin saw "weird" in Da Vinci painting，Bakhart saw "Fantasy"，and Pet saw the rare "strange Bet365 app download beauty"。Roskin's concern is proposed，"What kind of heart can make Leonado adopt such an ideal?" Pettes sincerely appreciate this "ideal"，See it as a real modern interest。This is the new critic of "discovery"，Between the past and the present of the 19th century and the present of the Renaissance，and in response to the later parties of the 20th century。Gondo British's pioneering article in its theory of landscape theory focuses on Da Vinci's view of the landscape，I believe it represents an innovation in the concept of Renaissance aesthetics，It has a profound impact on the occurrence and development of the entire European landscape art。

　　In this sense，Pette with its style of criticism，Participated in an important moment in European art history，It is also a key concern in the study of European historical consciousness -modernity problem，and contributed its creative expression。Method of the Museum of Art，Pet shows us the collective picture of the Renaissance from the Middle Ages to the 15th and 18th centuries to us。Poet、Artists and art historians as creators of art works and ideal experience experiencers，Constantly guide us to think about the communication between the history of history in the past and the present。"The history of art is the same as any history，Strictly、Absolutely divided ... but this is just a superficial situation，The coherence of European culture in the deep。"History and Art，Walking in criticism，Affects our current writing。

　　(Author Unit: School Bet365 lotto review of Fine Arts and Design of Yangzhou University)

Editor in charge: Changchang