In recent years，We have put the construction of a cultural power on the agenda。Culture，In a broad sense, it refers to the materials obtained by human beings in the process of social practice、The sum of spiritual production capacity and created material and spiritual wealth，In a narrow sense, it refers to spiritual production capacity and spiritual products，Includes all forms of social consciousness。Therefore，Culture is a general term。I think，The core of a civilization or country’s culture is the knowledge Bet365 lotto review。The embodiment and reflection of the knowledge Bet365 lotto review of an era in all aspects becomes the culture of that era。The history of the evolution of Chinese and foreign civilizations illustrates the core role of the knowledge Bet365 lotto review in the process of cultural development。

This is why our country has attached so much importance to building a philosophy and social science discipline Bet365 lotto review with Chinese characteristics in recent years、Academic Bet365 lotto review、The reasons for the discourse Bet365 lotto review (referred to as the "three major systems")。May 17, 2016，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences，We must base ourselves on China、Learn from abroad，Digging History、Grasp the contemporary times，Care for Humanity、Thoughts for the future，Strive to build philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics，In guiding ideology、Discipline Bet365 lotto review、Academic Bet365 lotto review、Discourse Bet365 lotto review and other aspects fully reflect Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Chinese style。April 25, 2022，In his speech during the inspection at Renmin University of China，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out again，Accelerate the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics，In the final analysis, it is to build China’s independent knowledge Bet365 lotto review。We must take China as a reflection、Looking at the times，Based on China’s reality，Solving China’s Problem，Continuously promote the creative transformation of China’s excellent traditional culture、Innovative development，Continuously promote knowledge innovation、Theoretical Innovation、Method innovation，Making philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics truly stand in the world’s academic community。Proposed in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in the same year，We must “deeply implement the Marxist theoretical research and construction project，Accelerate the construction of a philosophy and social science discipline Bet365 lotto review with Chinese characteristics、Academic Bet365 lotto review、Discourse Bet365 lotto review，Cultivate and strengthen the team of talents in philosophy and social sciences”。

Discipline Bet365 lotto review、Academic Bet365 lotto review、Discourse systems are closely related。Simply put，Academics are the foundation，Disciplines and discourses are different carriers and expressions of academics。Experientially，In terms of the relationship between academics and disciplines，Academicism comes first，Then there are subjects。In other words，The foundation of a discipline is academic，Including thoughts、Conception、Concept、Concepts and theories，Whether it is about metaphysics or metaphysics，Is it religious or secular，Is it about things or personnel, etc.。Academic institutionalization is a discipline，That’s the thought、Conception、Concept、Concepts and theories are divided into categories。However，After the discipline is created, it will in turn promote academics，Specialized research produces division of labor，Disciplines based on division of labor help deepen academic research，New ideas acquired from further academic research、Conception、Concept、Concepts and theories further promote the development of the discipline。This is an open、The deepening evolution and development process。

In terms of the relationship between scholarship and discourse，Academics are also the foundation，Without scholarship, there is no discourse，Discourse is just another way of academic expression，Include languages、image、Image and other methods。If the scope of academic activities is limited to academia，Then after transforming academic into discourse，The scope of its activities has been greatly expanded，Extending to various fields of social practice。In the field of practice，The emergence of different discourses and the communication between them、Controversy and conflict constitute the driving force for discourse changes，The changing discourse will in turn promote the deepening and development of scholarship。

In terms of the relationship between disciplines and discourse，Disciplines are also the result of the institutionalization of the discourse Bet365 lotto review。In modern society，The carrier of the discourse Bet365 lotto review is not only the discipline itself that produces the discourse，More discourse functions are assumed by professional institutions，Especially various forms of mass media。Discipline Bet365 lotto review promotes division of labor and specialization in academic research，This leads to a deepening and broadening of the discourse base，The effectiveness of words depends on their application，Discourse exists in the field of practice，The influence of discourse in practical areas (e.g. acceptability、Unacceptability) will be fed back to the subject area，The driving force behind disciplinary changes。

If the subject Bet365 lotto review and discourse Bet365 lotto review are the institutional manifestations of the academic Bet365 lotto review，Then these "three major systems" constitute a unity。In terms of their respective functions，Academic Bet365 lotto review is a systematic theory and knowledge that reveals the nature and laws of the subject object，Discourse Bet365 lotto review is the verbal expression of theory and knowledge，It is the expression form and language carrier of the academic Bet365 lotto review。The academic Bet365 lotto review of a subject can only be through its own discourse Bet365 lotto review，Talent can be expressed as an objective existence，Be known and understood。A subject Bet365 lotto review can only be accurate、Fully expresses the academic Bet365 lotto review of this discipline，In order to become an effective discourse Bet365 lotto review。A subject can only be professional in a series、Systematic concept、Category、Propositions reveal the nature and laws of objective objects，Constitute the unity of academic Bet365 lotto review and discourse Bet365 lotto review，In order to be called an effective subject。

Discipline Bet365 lotto review、The main body of the academic Bet365 lotto review and discourse Bet365 lotto review is what people often call "knowledge community" or "knowledge group"。The "knowledge community" here is in a broad sense，Although its main body is schools and research institutions，But it’s not limited to these。In modern society，With the popularization of education，The extension of the knowledge community has been expanding and broadening，Includes all social groups that contribute to the knowledge Bet365 lotto review。Knowledge community builds knowledge Bet365 lotto review，And subject、Academics and discourse can be understood as three modes of existence and expression of knowledge systems。The subject Bet365 lotto review is a teaching model constructed by a knowledge community；Academic Bet365 lotto review is a research pattern constructed by a knowledge community；The discourse Bet365 lotto review is a tool for external communication of the knowledge community。

Then，The problem is，Why should we build these “three major systems”？Calling for the establishment of “three major systems”，It’s not that these “three major systems” do not currently exist in China。These "three major systems" exist in reality，But there are many problems in at least the following aspects。First，Despite the existence of disciplines、The three areas of scholarship and discourse，But their respective development shortcomings，Not yet systematic。Second，These three areas are independent of each other，It has not been integrated into a complete Bet365 lotto review yet，Or it is not systematic yet。Third，Compared with other countries with developed philosophy and social sciences，Either in each field or as a whole，China’s “three major systems” still lack comparative advantages，No competitive advantage on the international stage。Fourth，What’s more serious is，The existing “three major systems” lack “Chineseness”，And more of it reflects "Westernness"。Since modern social sciences entered China from the West，The attitude of the academic community towards Western social sciences so far is still "I annotate the Six Classics"，Using Chinese cases to demonstrate Western propositions。Therefore，To a large extent，The "three major systems" are not yet "independent" systems，But the "application" Bet365 lotto review，That is, using other people’s systems。Fifth，The "three major systems" neither reflect China's reality，Cannot explain China’s reality，Lost even more relevant to China’s reality。If the "three major systems" cannot be reconstructed，Then the "three major systems" are not only difficult to make progress，Faster fading is more likely。

In recent years，The author spends a lot of time studying how to construct Bet365 lotto review based on China’s practical experience，Therefore，This article would like to talk about some preliminary views on the construction of Bet365 lotto review。It should be emphasized that，The situation discussed here does not only exist in the field of Bet365 lotto review，Also found in almost all social science fields。

Here is a quote:

Even today，(Chinese) scholars rarely study Chinese Bet365 lotto review thought，Only focus on studying Western Bet365 lotto review thoughts... Scholars only copy the Bet365 lotto review thoughts of Western scholars。Students returning from Europe call on China to follow European Bet365 lotto review policies，Students returning from the United States praised U.S. Bet365 lotto review policies。Supporters of one side believe that every theory is perfect，And opponents vehemently attack it。Study on the chaos of my country’s domestic Bet365 lotto review policies and the low level of fiscal management in recent years，You will find the serious consequences of ignoring the domestic Bet365 lotto review environment。What are the benefits to the country of discussions that are not based on national conditions？If scholars want to contribute to solving China’s contemporary Bet365 lotto review problems，We should study domestic Bet365 lotto review thought，Organize and criticize，In order to understand our country’s Bet365 lotto review background。At the same time，Scholars can also study Western Bet365 lotto review thought，After editing and criticizing，can help us solve the problem。Therefore，There may be more satisfactory solutions to China’s contemporary Bet365 lotto review problems。(This quotation was originally written in classical Chinese，Vernacular translation by the author)

If you don’t tell readers the source of this passage，I believe many people will think that today’s economist is criticizing his contemporary colleagues，Because this passage describes the current situation of China’s Bet365 lotto review community quite accurately。However，This passage is quoted from the book "Guanzi Economic Thought" written by Huang Han published by the Shanghai Commercial Press in 1936。Nearly 90 years from 1936 to today。In other words，The current situation of economic research in China today seems to be still the same as before the Anti-Japanese War。But actually，In terms of the construction of China’s Bet365 lotto review knowledge system，Today’s situation is even more severe than that era。From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China，China has cultivated a large number of scholars who are both proficient in Chinese history and understand the West。The classic documents on Chinese economic history or economic thought history that people can read today are all products of that era。Although as Huang Han’s words imply，Some scholars at that time became "porters" of Western knowledge，But there are still many scholars who think about the research and future of Chinese Bet365 lotto review based on the needs of Chinese practice。China’s Bet365 lotto review faces more severe challenges today，Because it is difficult to find such a group of scholars who understand both China and the West in contemporary Chinese society。

This is the embarrassing situation faced by the Chinese Bet365 lotto review community。We face many economic difficulties and challenges，Need economic thinking that is consistent with China’s reality，Because economic thinking is a tool for understanding and solving economic problems。But，The Chinese economic community has been suffering from the lack of Bet365 lotto review that can explain China’s economic phenomena，People always use the economic theories imported from abroad to explain and diagnose the Chinese economy in one way or another，The diagnosis is wrong，Wrong prescription，Not only cannot cure the disease，The condition worsened。over a period of time，The use of foreign tools of this kind is achieved through so-called "reforms"，Therefore，The more “reforms” you have，The more questions you have、The more serious it is，This makes society doubtful about reform。Therefore，People must be clear: first，We are facing “China’s” economic problems，Not American、European and Japanese；Secondly，Solving these problems requires Chinese treatment methods，Instead of holding the one that treats America all day long、European、American approach to Japan’s economic problems、European method and Japanese method to swagger through the market。Because of this，China’s economic reality has been calling for the birth of Chinese Bet365 lotto review based on China’s practical experience。

Although the Bet365 lotto review profession has encountered obstacles in practice，But many people still do not realize the necessity and possibility of building Chinese Bet365 lotto review。For scholars (especially academics) who have fully accepted Western Bet365 lotto review，Building Chinese Bet365 lotto review is simply a joke，They dismiss it。In their opinion，Western Bet365 lotto review is universal Bet365 lotto review，There is no need or possibility for us to construct Chinese Bet365 lotto review。

A few days ago，I wrote a book review for "Contemporary Economic Development of China" just published by Mr. Yin Hanning (2024 Edition of Sanlian Bookstore)，Published in Guangming Daily。I emphasized why we should build Bet365 lotto review based on China’s practical experience。One person read the message and said，"Another Chinese Newton's Law"。I think，There are many people in China who think like this。Many people regard Western Bet365 lotto review (or social science) as universal，China does not need to build its own social sciences at all。

My answer is，"If someone wants to do Chinese Newton's Law，So wrong”；But the same，“If someone thinks that American Bet365 lotto review is universal，China does not need to build its own Bet365 lotto review，Then it’s also a big mistake”。

Across all social science disciplines，Bet365 lotto review has always claimed to be a science。In the field of economic research，The so-called "quantification" and "mathematicalization" methodologies have always been the mainstream。In some people’s minds，Physics、Bet365 lotto review does not distinguish between east and west and country。

Then，Does Western Bet365 lotto review have the so-called universality？Bet365 lotto review in modern times originated and developed in the West，Spread from the West to all over the world，In this process，Not only the West has always believed that its Bet365 lotto review is universal，And scholars in the receiving countries also believe that Western Bet365 lotto review is universal。

This so-called "scientific" trend has produced and is producing increasing harm。Despite the appearance，Bet365 lotto review is becoming more and more “scientific”，But in fact it is getting farther and farther away from the real economy。This is also the case in the West。many years，People have always said that "business school has nothing to do with business" (business school nothing to do with business) and "Bet365 lotto review has nothing to do with economy" (Bet365 lotto review nothing to do with economy)。In the field of economic policy, it will bring huge losses of property and life。The damage caused to the country by neoliberal economic policies during the Chilean military government is an example。After the 1990s，The “Washington Consensus” based on neoliberal Bet365 lotto review has encountered effective resistance on a global scale。

We deny the universality of American Bet365 lotto review，But we do not deny that economic phenomena are universal。Any Bet365 lotto review or social science is a combination of universality and particularity。What we call “social science” consists of two parts，i.e. "society" and "science"。“Science” represents “universality”，And "society" represents "particularity"。In terms of Bet365 lotto review，We must realize: first，Only when a certain economic operating rule is found everywhere，Only one can say it is universal。For example, the existence of phenomena such as supply and demand and "rare things are more valuable" are universal。Second，Bet365 lotto review is special，Universality is embedded in particular practices，Once you leave the specificity，Universality becomes meaningless。Third，Both theoretically and empirically，The universality of Bet365 lotto review is like the height of a mountain and the amount of oxygen，The higher it is, the thinner it is，The deeper you go into the workings of an economy，The universality of Bet365 lotto review becomes less relevant。Fourth，It is precisely because "universality" is embedded in "particularity"，So，Universality should be the internal demand of an economy’s own changes，It cannot be carried out by force，Otherwise it is unsustainable，It will eventually fail，This is what the “Washington Consensus” is。

If people have enough patience to study the history of the evolution of Western Bet365 lotto review，In fact, it is not difficult to find how economic practices in different time and space dominate people’s construction of economic theories。

First，Historic。All Bet365 lotto review is historical。Agricultural Society、Both industrial society and post-industrial society developed Bet365 lotto review in line with that era。It is absurd to explain the economic phenomena of post-industrial society with the Bet365 lotto review that originated in agricultural society，It is also absurd to explain the phenomenon of agricultural society with the Bet365 lotto review that originated in post-industrial society。Today，With the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution centered on artificial intelligence，All traditional Bet365 lotto review faces challenges。To a large extent，Bet365 lotto review faces either reconstruction、The choice of death。

Second，Country-specific。The “nationality” of Bet365 lotto review is common sense，But our scholars don’t even have this common sense anymore。The Physiocratic School was born in France，Adam Smith Bet365 lotto review was born in England，Lister Bet365 lotto review was born in Germany，Hamiltonian Bet365 lotto review was born in the United States，Developmentalism emerged in East Asia。These are self-evident。When the British sold British liberal Bet365 lotto review (i.e. Adam Smith Bet365 lotto review) to the Germans，German Liszt is thinking，How Germany can learn from the United States，Practice mercantilism，This is the origin of List’s economic theory。It must be pointed out，The emergence of Bet365 lotto review in various countries was to solve the economic problems faced by the country at that time。If you do not recognize the national nature of Bet365 lotto review，So where does general Bet365 lotto review come from？Since the 1980s，Neoliberal Bet365 lotto review has been given the so-called “universal character”。But neoliberalism is only prevalent in British and American countries，There is no universal applicability，It is the United States that uses its political power to forcibly implement the "Washington Consensus"。Many scholars are obsessed with the "beauty" of economic theory，Forgetting the origin of its origin。

　Third，Problem orientation。The theories of all economists who contributed were based on his or her time、On the Bet365 lotto review issues facing his or her country。No economist’s research is for the purpose of pursuing universality，Or seek the so-called universal truth。It’s just that he or she faced specific Bet365 lotto review problems (phenomenon) and put forward effective explanations (perhaps provided effective solutions)，His (her) theory has universality。The conclusion is simple，If Chinese economists cannot face China’s Bet365 lotto review problems (phenomenon)，Cannot effectively explain these problems (or cannot provide effective solutions)，It is difficult to say that he or she can construct an effective Bet365 lotto review theory。

In my opinion，Western Bet365 lotto review thinks it is universal mainly because of its methodology。In natural sciences，Causation is certain。Bet365 lotto review also pursues a scientific nature similar to natural science。Scholars excessively pursue the beauty of methodology，Often leads to several obvious defects。Just to name a few。First，Simplification，Simplify Bet365 lotto review into a few principles，But the reality is not like this。Second，Economists set too many "what ifs"，Under these "if" conditions，The cause and effect discussed by economists will appear。However，Most of the "what ifs" set by economists do not exist in reality。Third，Today，More and more economists are turning to mathematics，This allows them to find an effective way to escape reality。However，The mathematization of Bet365 lotto review also contributes to the irrelevance between Bet365 lotto review and the real economy。Fourth，More importantly，The development process of Western Bet365 lotto review also combines economy and society、Politics、The process of separating culture and other factors。Anywhere，The economic activities of a society are deeply embedded in the politics of that society、In economic and cultural processes，There has never been an abstract economic activity that can be separated from society。However，Bet365 lotto review students forcefully "disembed" economic activities from other life，Regard the economy as a completely "autonomous" domain。When Bet365 lotto review cannot explain reality，Many economists never and refuse to admit that economic theory is wrong，It is not his (her) own theory that is wrong。This kind of understanding is especially popular among Chinese economists，Many people often regard Bet365 lotto review as the absolute truth，Use economic theory to measure (judge) China’s economic reality。In other words，China’s Bet365 lotto review community is still stuck in the situation described by Huang Han in 1936。

Historical perspective，The rise of a country is not only reflected in the rise of economic or other hard power，It is more necessary to reflect the rise of social sciences based on the rise of ideas。We need to spend several generations of efforts，Really build Bet365 lotto review based on Chinese practice。Can believe it，This is an era when a hundred flowers bloom，But this is a hundred flowers blooming based on Chinese practice，Rather than hyping up foreign ideas and letting a hundred flowers bloom。China’s independent Bet365 lotto review does not exclude foreign ideas，But it must be an open ideological system with me as the main one。

(The author is the chairman of the academic committee of the Institute of Public Policy, South China University of Technology、Dean of the School of Public Policy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen))