Natural dialectics is Marxy Engels Nature View、Science and Technology Expedition、The organic unified form of science and technology methodology and science and technology sociology。Soviet philosopher、Chemist Bonny Fa Ji Jedlov thinks，Engels's "Dialectics of Natural" not only summarizes the main natural scientific achievements of the era of Marx and Engels，It is also an important introduction of "Capital" in terms of natural science and general philosophical dimensions。At the same time，Kedlov pointed out，Marxist natural dialectics is of great significance for research on human society and history，It is due to the existence of natural dialectics，Marxist doctrine is more complete。And this significance shows，cannot be separated from the in -depth use of social science methods at the methodology at the methodology level。

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Gesellschaftskrper，that is，is the base point of the social science research method。Lucari wrote in "History and Class Consciousness": "Marx's famous saying:‘ the production relationship in each society forms a unified overall ’，is the starting point and key to historically understand the methodology of social relations。"" Social subjects as a huge、The continuous "living body"，It consists of the overall production department，It is in a magnificent general process，At the same time is the result of this overall process。Natural dialectics contains important review of social subjects，It is from this social organic form，Create personal、Society、Comprehensive dialectical relationship between nature。

Specifically，Dialectics of Nature Based on the Social Anthology，With "Nature -Society -People" as the core，Build the basic connotation of the Bet365 app download category of "nature"，Give the "nature" category with important social orientation。Marx and Engels Discovery，Nature as a condition and foundation for the development and development of human society，It is an indispensable premise that forms a social subject。Marx pointed out，"All the community has a certain objective unity as the subject and its production conditions，or，The certain existence of the subject is all forms of all forms premised as the community of production conditions (they are more or less naturally formed，But it is also the result of the historical process)，It is inevitable and limited and the development of limited productivity in principle "。"Nature" is not only used as an objective substance，It also exists as the "mother of wealth" as the development of human society，Create the two external conditions of "Natural Fortune of Living Information" and "Natural Fortune of Labor Information" for productivity，Is the foundation and important form of productivity，It has a decisive significance for the birth and development of human civilization。So，"Nature" in natural dialectics does not refer to simply "nature"，Instead, work as an intermediary，Contains the internal relationship of the system formed by man and nature in nature。

At the same time，Dialectics of Nature Based on the Social Anthology，Socialism of science and technology。Marx Engels thinks，The birth and development of science and technology is also inseparable from social subjects。Engels clearly pointed out，"Once there is a technical need for society，This needs will be more scientifically pushed forward than ten universities "。Under the needs of the social subject，Technology has the motivation to move forward，And natural science can also continuously develop the border of cognition under the needs of technology。Final，Science and Technology in the social production of social subjects，Converted into bet365 live casino games real productivity，Become the driving force for production，Promote the development of social subjects。So，Science and Technology is not only human intellectual activity，At the same time, it is also a human social activity。It is under the role of this social activity，Talents can constantly understand nature、Reconstruction of nature，Historical evolution of the entire ecological world。This can be seen，Dialectics of Nature Based on the research method of social subjects，The discussion of nature and science and technology will be unified in the internal place of humanity and development laws of human beings，Deepen the connotation of nature and science and technology。

　　History research methods in natural dialectics

In natural dialectics，Historical research methods are another scientific method contained in it。What needs attention is，Historical research methods used by Marx Engels，Not the study of natural history under the field of natural science。Just the opposite，They think，The exploration of natural history in traditional natural science is difficult to objectively、Explain the world comprehensively。Marx has repeatedly criticized Bihina's "Six Speech on Darwin's Species Theory"，Pointing out the vision of the natural history of Bihina and others with Darwin's survival struggle，Turn all history into the history of "survival struggle"，thus caught in the idealism and vulgar materialism of Social Darwinism。As Schmidt summarized in "The Natural Concept of Marx"，"The concept of Marx's natural concept from the beginning is different from other natural outlooks，is the social and historical nature of Marx's natural concept "。Visible，History research methods in natural dialectics，It is a historical method for social science dimensions rather than natural science dimensions，It is a historical method contained in the historical view of materialism。

Engels pointed out in "Anti -Dulin Theory"，"Everything in nature is bet365 live casino games in the final analysis that is dialectical rather than metaphysics"。So，It is essential to review naturally for nature。Marx and Engels Discovery，An interpretation of natural history should not be put aside from the development of human history。The evolution of celestial bodies in nature、Geological Change、Everything grows，provides the most basic natural productivity for the generation of human society，Promote the transformation from ape to man，Construction for the society、Civilized creation laid the fundamental condition，Finally generated human history。and after the birth of humans，It constitutes a system with nature，And presents different species、Handarry、Energy -moving labor practice ability。In this process，Human life through labor，Further act on the climate、Geology、Geographical Environment，I made my own "mark of will" on the earth，Promoting nature continues to generate people。Original naturally turned into humanization of nature，Integrated into the evolution of human history。From this，"History of Human Human" and "History of Nature" becomes an inseparable unity。

The major inference in the natural dialectics of "Natural History and Human History"，Not only does it fundamentally established a community of life between nature and people，At the same time, it is also based on the fundamental position of the historical view of materialism，Fundamental requirements for human labor practice and the development of civilized history。Marx pointed out in "Capital"，"Even the entire society，A nation，Even the society that exists at the same time adds together，Nothing is the owner of the land。They are just the possessor of the land，Land beneficiary，and they should pass the improved land to future generations as good parents "。It can be said，Vision based on historical research，Marx Engels' natural dialectics has a clear consciousness Bet365 app download of intergenerational protection，Requirement of human practice activities must be based on the objective natural laws，Like the history of protecting yourself，Continue the history of the entire ecological world。This can be seen，Marxist natural dialectics contains the use of historical research methods，shows the theoretical meaning of the historical concept of materialism under the ecological extent，In the requirements of realizing the harmonious symbiosis of man and nature，Fundamental observation of the future of human civilization。

　　Class analysis method in natural dialectics

Lenin pointed out: "Marxism provides a guiding clue，enable us to be confusing to this look、Finding regularity in a messy state。This clue is the theory of class struggle。"Sydney Hook thinks，Marxist dialectics except showing historical consciousness，Also through the logic of class activities，This logic constitutes one of the basic characteristics of Marxist dialectics。Schmidt also thinks，Marx's natural concept has national characteristics and revolutionary nature。The so -called revolutionary here is essentially classical，It comes from the persistence of class analysis methods in the natural dialectics of Marx。

Specifically，First，Marx Engels reveals the ecological disaster brought by the capitalist system by using class analysis methods。In "Capital"，Marx recorded in detail the survival of the working class under the process of capitalist industrialization，reveals the dual exploitation of the bourgeoisie's economic and ecological environment at the economic and ecological environment，Special pointed out that the bourgeoisie is to get more、A cheaper raw material，Selling to destroy the natural environment of the distant continent，戕 戕 原，Occupation of the ecological space and ecological resources of the entire earth，As a result, the production space and living space of the proletariat is lost infinitely around the world。Foster wrote: "The recovery of the Bet365 lotto review ecological materialist foundation of Carl Marx's thought ... once again unifies the capital criticism and critical natural sciences again。"" "，Pay attention to and criticized capitalist anti -ecological nature is an important part of Marx and Engels ecological thought。

Next，The ultimate point of the natural dialectics of Marx Engels is the liberation of the proletariat。Dialectics of Nature Pay attention to the liberation of the entire ecological world，Ecological liberation and people's liberation、The liberation of society is unified。In "The Manuscript of Economics of 1844"，Marx clearly expressed the unified ideal of "thorough naturalism" and "thorough humanitarianism"。This ideal is not only a prophecy for communist society，It is also a depiction of future ecological vision，Only in communist society，The contradiction between people and nature will be completely resolved。In the process of realizing ecological liberation，It is necessary to rely on the power of the proletariat as the power of the historical subject。Marx emphasized in "Capital"，The producers united can reasonably adjust the material transformation between them and nature，can we use scientific and technological means reasonably，Promoting people and nature move towards the direction of coexistence and coexistence。This can be seen，Class analysis methods have exerted extremely important value in natural dialectics，Given the distinctive value background and revolutionary of natural dialectics。

In short，Social historical methodology is not only the fundamental path of Marxhlis viewing social history，It also runs through the natural dialectics，A perfectly improved Marx and Engels’s natural and scientific and technological thoughts。The use of natural dialectics of social science methodology，Make yourself fundamentally avoiding it into "dialectics of nature"，Make the ecological world and science and bet365 best casino games technology in our eyes，No longer "a slow puppet，Static、Ome、colorless; only material、Uninterrupted and meaningless hasty "，Instead, the internal unity is really formed with the dialectics of history。

　(This article is the Study of the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on Harmony Symbiology of Construction and Nature" (21BKS053)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism College of Renmin University of China)